Ni ayahe Bateri ya Litiyumu Ateye Akaga? Inyigisho y'umutekano ku baguzi ba B2B
LFP (litiyumu iron phosphate) ubu ni yo nzira itekanye cane ku bikorwa vya B2B. Ariko "safe" yarakoreshejwe cane n'abaguzi ku buryo hafi ataco igisobanura.Nabonye amabateri ya LFP afise imigero iteye ubwoba ya BMS n’uguhuza utugingo ngengabuzima bitari vyo bitera ingorane nyinshi nk’iz’imiti itera ingorane nyinshi-.
Namaze imyaka itandatu nkora amasoko n’ugufasha imigambi muri Polinovel. Mu mwaka w’2023, umwe mu bakiriya bacu ba AGV yaraje iwacu inyuma y’aho amabateri ya LFP y’umucuruzi wabo wa kera atanguye gusenyuka. Ivy’ubuhinga bwa shimi vyari vyiza. Ariko BMS yari ifise gusa 80mA balancing current, hanyuma haciye amezi atandatu umuriro w’ingingo warakwiragiye ugera kuri 63mV. Iryo paki ryatumye uburinzi buhagarara hagati mu murongo wabo wo gukora. Amasaha ane y’uguhagarara. Ntibigeze bambwira ingene nyavyo bahomvye, ariko ntibasubiye kugura kuri uwo mucuruzi.
Rero iyi nkuru ntivuga gusa ngo "ni ubuhe buhinga buteye akaga." Ni nk’ivy’Uko womenya nimba bateri ari iyo kwizigirwa, na nimba amafaranga azigamiwe avuye mu mahitamwo atari menshi ashobora kurokoka guhura n'ibikorwa vy'isi vy'ukuri-.
Chemistry: LFP iratekanye kuruta, ariko si kubera imvo ingingo nyinshi zivuga
Uzosoma hose ko ukubora kw'ubushuhe bwa LFP kuba ku 270 degrees mu gihe NMC ari ku 200 degrees gusa . VUGA. Ariko n’ukuri, ku 200℃ibikoresho vyawe biramaze gusenyuka. Ukwo gutandukanya kwa degre 70 si kwo guhambaye.
Igihambaye ni .igipimo c'ukwiragira kw'ubushuhe.
Twarakoze igerageza ryo guhitamwo umugambi wo gutwara ibintu mu 2022. Twararungitse utugingo ngengabuzima twompi twa NCA na LFP mu laboratwari kugira ngo hakorwe igerageza ry’uguhunga kw’ubushuhe. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa NCA, igihe twari twavyuriwe umutima, twerekana ko ubushuhe buzamuka birenze degre 400 ku munota. Kuva ku nkengeri ya mbere gushika ku rubeya ruboneka mu minota itarenga ibiri. Ivyo bihimba vya LFP? Igitigiri c’ukwiragira kiri hafi y’ibipimo 1,7 /min. Ivyo guzimya umuriro vyari bifise umwanya wo gukora vy’ukuri.
Ishirahamwe ry’ubuhinga bwa none rifise ingingo y’ubuhinga ivuga ko NCA ishobora gukwiragira gushika ku bipimo 470 /min (powertechsystems.eu). Hafi y’ivyo twapima. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyayo ituma LFP igira umutekano:si uko itazonanirwa, ahubwo ni uko iyo inaniwe, ufise umwanya wo gufata ingingo.
Nabonye kandi amabateri ya LFP afata umuriro. Mu mwaka w’2024, ikamyo yari itwara ibikoresho vyo kubika inguvu za LFP yarahindukiye muri Tayiwani. Amabateri yari yicaye aho amasaha 16, hanyuma aca arasha. Yasubiye gusha. Yaturiwe amasaha arenga cumi. Rero ntimwiyumvire ko LFP bisigura ko mushobora kwirengagiza umutekano.
Uburyo bwo Gukora: Aha Niho Nshaka Kumara Umwanya
Ivy’ubuhinga bwa shimi bitorwa n’uwubitanga. Ntimushobora kubihindura. Ariko uburyo bwo guhingura burashobora gusuzumwa, kandi ni ho mu vy’ukuri ingorane nyinshi ziva.
Uguhuza kw'utugingo ngengabuzima
Twanse imigwi itatu y’ibice vy’umubiri umwaka uheze. Ivyo vyose bivuye ku gukwiragira kw’amashanyarazi kurenga ingingo mfatirwako zacu. Itsinda rimwe ryavuye ku mucuruzi azwi cane-. Raporo yabo y'igerageza yavuze ko "umuriro ukwiragira munsi canke ungana na 10mV." Igenzura ryacu ryinjiye ryasanze 34mV.
Ni kuki nitwararika cane ugukwiragira kw’umuriro?
Hariho urudodo ku nama y'izuba ry'ubuhinga bwa none aho umukoresha "OffGridInverters" yabisiguye neza:
"Imitsi ifise ubushobozi burenga 30mV ikwiragiye mu buryo bumwe, iyo hasi irasohoka cane, iyo hejuru irasohoka cane. BMS irinda umuriro wose, ntiyitaho ko imitsi imwe imwe ipfa."
Igitigiri cacu cinjira ni umuriro ukwiragiye munsi ya 15mV, uguhinduka kw’uburemere bw’imbere munsi ya 5%. Si benshi mu bacuruzi bashobora gushitsa ivyo ata guhinduka.
Uburyo bwo gusudira
Ivyo biragoye gufata. Laser gusudira n’ugusudira amabara y’uburemere bisa n’ivyo hanze, ariko ukwizigirwa kw’igihe kirekire-kuratandukanye cane.
Narasenyuye ipaki yananiwe rimwe. Yabonetse umuriro uboneka-biciye mu bimenyetso ku bipande vy'amashanyarazi. Ubwo bwoko bw’agasembwa, BMS ntishobora kubumenya. Ivyigwa vy’ubushobozi bw’amashanyarazi vyerekana ko ari ibisanzwe. Ariko haciye umwaka umwe canke ibiri, izo nkoko zica ziruha zigaca zibura.
Hari umuntu kuri Reddit r/batteries yashizeko ifoto ya bateri bafunguye, basanze imbere hari ama joints y’ivyuma bikonje. Comment section yuzuye abantu bavuga ko nabo babonye ivyo nyene. Ivyo ntushobora kubifata mu gihe c’amasoko. Ushobora guhitamwo gusa uwuguha ivyo ukeneye.
Gucungera ubukonje mu cumba cyumye
Ivyo mbere birarushiriza kuba ibiteye ubwoba. Gukora amabateri ya litiyumu bikeneye ubukonje buri munsi ya 500ppm. Ubukonje burakorana n’amazi kugira ngo buvemwo aside hydrofluorique, bugatuma ibintu vyo mu mutima bimera nabi, bugatuma habaho micro-shorts.
Ikibazo ni uko micro-shorts zishobora kuguma zisinziriye amezi, mbere n'umwaka, imbere y'uko zitera ibintu vy'ubushuhe. Ivyo vyose bisa n’ibisanzwe mu gihe c’ikigeragezo co kwemererwa. Haciye amezi atandatu, ubushuhe burahunga bukwi na bukwi, kandi ntushobora kumenya igituma.
Nabajije abaguzi benshi ivyerekeye ingingo ngenderwako zabo zo kugenzura ubukonje bwo mu cumba c’umye. Bamwe ntibashobora kwishura. Bamwebamwe baratanga igitigiri kitamenyekana. Abaguzi bashobora kunyereka ibitabo vyabo vyo kugenzura ivyumba vyumye? Kugeza ubu babiri gusa.
BMS: Aho Igiciro Gito Gica Gizimvye
Ivyo kunanirwa vyihishijwe
Ndashaka gushingira ku isesengura ryakozwe na "MAXIMUM_AMPS," umuhinga mu vy'imirongo y'ibintu ku nama y'umubumbe utagira iherezo. Yarataburuye umugwi w’ibipande vya BMS bihendutse maze asanga ingorane nyinshi zisanzwe:
Ica mbere, uburinzi IC gukoresha nabi.
Ivyuma vyinshi vya BMS bihendutse bikoresha ibice nka DW01, vyagenewe ibikorwa vy'ingingo imwe -. Ariko hari amatoni y’ibipande vya 4S, 10S, 14S BMS biri kw’isoko bikoresheje iyo chip. Buri nsoro ironka IC yayo yigenga yo kwikingira. Bimeze nk’ibibereye, si ko? Ikibazo: iyo IC imwe inaniwe, iyo cellule irafise uburinzi bwa zero, kandi iyo systeme nta n’imburi itanga.
Urudodo rw'umwimerere hano: nta mpera-umubumbe.com/umubumbe/indodo/umurongo-isesengura-rya-a-ihendutse-bms-na-kubera iki-{1{1}{1{1}}udakwiye
Ubwa kabiri, uburinganire burari hasi cane.
Ihuriro ry’izuba rya DIY ryarabiganiriyeko cane. Igikoresho gisanzwe c’uburinganire bwa BMS gica 50 gushika kuri 150mA. Kora ibiharuro: 100Ah cell, 1% SOC uburinganire ni 1Ah, ku 100mA uburinganire bufata amasaha 10.
Ariko ukuri ni kubi kuruta. BMS nyinshi zikora gusa uburinganire ku mpera y’ugushaja. Nimba ibikoresho vyawe bikoresha uburyo bwo gucagura (ushiremwo umuriro gatoyi, hanyuma ubikuremwo umuriro), woshobora kutazokwigera ushika ku rugero rwo gutera umuriro.
Ubu turasaba 500mA y’uburinganire bukora ku mugambi wose w’ubwato. Igura nk’ama RMB 50 gushika kuri 70 ku mpapuro. Ariko amatelefone yacu y’abakozi yaragabanutse cane.
Ica gatatu, ugukurikirana ubushuhe ataco bimaze.
BMS idahenda cane mu bisanzwe ishira thermistor imwe ku rubaho rw’umurongo. Ubushuhe bw’ibarabara n’ubushuhe bw’ingingo burashobora gutandukanywa na degre 15 gushika kuri 20. Igihe iyo sensor y’urubaho ibona ubushuhe burenze urugero, utugingo ngengabuzima twoshobora kuba tumaze gushikirwa n’ingorane.
Igishushanyo ciza bisigura ibikoresho vyinshi bipima ubushuhe, ibikoresho vy’ubushuhe bishizwe ku mfuruka z’ingingo, ubuhinga bwo kwikingira buvyurwa n’ugusoma gusumba ibindi vyose.
Amabateri y’ibinyoma n’atagira icemezo: Arasanzwe kuruta uko wiyumvira
IEEE Spectrum yatangaje ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe ko CT-yasuzumye utugingo ngengabuzima 1,054 18650. Mu nsoro zivuye mu bimenyetso vy'ingengo y'imari, nk'ibice 8 kw'ijana vyari bifise utunenge tw'"anode overhang". Ivyo bituma haba ingorane y’uguca mu nzira ngufi imbere, ariko ikigeragezo gisanzwe ntigishobora kubimenya. (imirongo.ieee.org)
Ibimenyetso vy'imburi vy'amabateri y'ibinyoma:
Ivyifuzo vy’ubushobozi vy’inflated.18650 vy’ukuri ubu bifise ubushobozi bwo gukora 3.500mAh. Ico cose kivuga ko gifise 5.000mAh canke 9.900mAh ni ikinyoma. Ikiringo.
Ibiciro bito bidasanzwe.Ivyuma vya LFP mu 2025 bigenda hafi y’amadolari 36/kWh ku rugero rw’ivyuma nk’uko bivugwa na BloombergNEF. Nimba amajambo asubiwemwo ari munsi cane y’ivyo, yoba ari utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ikinyoma canke dusubiwemwo.
Gutanga vyihuta cane.Amabateri akwiriye y’inganda akenshi akorwa ku bijanye n’ivyo umuntu asaba. Igihe co kurongora c’indwi 4 gushika ku 8 ni ibisanzwe. Ubwato mu ndwi imwe? Kumbure ni ibikoresho vya kera canke aho bitazwi.
UN38.3 icemezo ca mbere-igihe co guca ni hafi 70%. Ivyo bisigura ko 30% vy’imigero y’amabateri idashobora gupima umutekano w’ivy’ugutwara abantu n’ibintu. Ibintu bitagira icemezo na kimwe? Ico kibazo ni kinini gusa.
Igereranyo ry'Igiciro: Igitigiri Nyaco Kivuye mu Migambi Yacu
Reka ndasangire amakuru nyayo ava ku gushirwaho kw’abaguzi.
Gusubirira bateri y'ibikoresho (2023, umukiriya w'ububiko mu buseruko bw'ubushinwa)
Umukiriya yari amaze imyaka itanu akoresha aside y'amabuye y'agaciro. Yadusavye gusubiramwo LFP isubiriye.
| Umutwe | Amabuye y'agaciro-Aside | LFP |
|---|---|---|
| Igiciro ca bateri | $8,500 | $21,000 |
| Guhindura umuriro | Nta n'imwe ikenewe | Amadolari 3.200/ikintu |
| Igitigiri cose c'ibinyabiziga 12 | $102,000 | $290,400 |
Ivyo umukiriya avuga ubwa mbere: birazimvye cane. Nabasavye kubara amafaranga y’ibikorwa vy’imyaka 5.
Ibiciro vy'Ibikorwa vy'Imyaka 5:
Igishushanyo c'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro:
- Gusubirira amabateri (incuro 2 mu myaka 5): ¥8.500 × 2 × 12=¥204.000
- Amashanyarazi (80% y'ubushobozi bwo gushaja): ~¥4.200/ikintu/umwaka × 12 × 5=¥252.000
- Gucungera (guvomera, gusuzuma aside): ~¥800/igice/umwaka × 12 × 5=¥48.000
- Igihe co kurindira co gushaja: ntibiharuwe, ariko umukiriya yavuze ko nibura amasaha 1,5 yatakaye ku modoka ku musi
Ivyabaye kuri LFP:
- Ivyo gusubirira amabateri: ¥0 (imyaka 8 y’igarantiya, ntibishoboka ko bizokenera gusubirwamwo mu myaka 5)
- Amashanyarazi (95% y'ubushobozi bwo gushaja): ~¥3.500/igice/umwaka × 12 × 5=¥210.000
- Ivyo kwitaho: ¥00.
- Kunoza umusaruro: amahirwe yo kwishura arashoboka, iminota 15 ku karuhuko k'ifunguro rya sasita ihagije kugira ngo igere ku mpera y'umusi
Imyaka 5 yose hamwe:
Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro: ¥102,{2}}¥504,{4}}¥606.000
Ibiciro: ¥290, 400 + ¥210, 000=¥500.400
Itandukaniro riri hafi y’ama ¥100.000. Iyo ufashe mu muzirikanyi umusaruro watakaye, ikinogo kirarushiriza kuba kinini.
Umukiriya yemeje uwo mugambi. Bigenda hafi imyaka ibiri ubu, nta bibazo bikomeye.
Ububiko bw'inguvu ROI (2024, Uruganda mu ntara ya Jiangsu)
Uyu mugambi wari isonga-uburyo bwo gushavura ku kigo c'ubuhinga.
Ubushobozi bwa sisitemu: 500kWh
Ivyo vyose vyashizwemwo: ¥680.000 (harimwo no gushiramwo)
Igiciro co hejuru -mu kiyaya: ¥0.62/kWh
Uburebure bw'ingendo y'umusi: 0.8
Imisi yo gukora ku mwaka: 300
Umuyagankuba uzigama ku mwaka: 500 × 0,8 × 0,62 × 300=¥74.400
Ivyo kwishura: ¥680.000 ÷ ¥74.400 ≈ imyaka 9,1
9.1 imyaka yo kwishura si ikintu gitangaje. Ariko uwo mukiriya yari afise ikindi kintu yari yiyumvira: barafise izuba ryo hejuru y’urusengero rikunda kugabanywa mu gihe c’ibikorwa vyinshi. Uburyo bwo kubika bwatumye bakoresha neza izuba. Iyo nyungu ntifatwa mu biharuro biri hejuru.
Vyongeye, hariho infashanyo zo mu karere zo kubika inguvu i Jiangsu. Ikintu nk’infashanyo y’ibikorwa ¥0.2/kWh/umwaka. Iyo umuntu afise infashanyo, igihe co kwishura kigabanuka kikaja nko ku myaka 6.
Icemezo: Ni igiki mu vy'ukuri gikenewe
Si ndi umuhinga mu vy’amategeko. Vyinshi muvyo nzi hano biva ku mugwi wacu w’abajejwe ivy’amategeko n’abajejwe kwubahiriza amategeko.Bitegerezwa kuba bifise:
ONU38.3- Ni ngombwa ku bijanye n'ugutwara. Ivyo bitabaye, amashirahamwe y’ivy’ubuhinga ntazokora ku mabateri yawe. Igerageza ritwara ahantu hagati y’amadolari 5.000 n’amadolari 70.000 bivanye n’ivyo amabateri akora. Igihe ca mbere-igipimo co guca hafi 70%, bisobanura ko 30% vy'imigero idashobora no gukuraho iyi nzira y'ishimikiro.
IEC 62619- Itegeko ry'umutekano ry'amabateri y'amashanyarazi y'inganda. Bisabwa kugira umuntu yinjire mw’isoko ry’i Buraya.
UL 9540- Ku buryo bwo kubika inguvu. Bisabwa ku isoko rya Amerika y’Uburaruko canke umugambi wose ukeneye ubwishingizi.
Kuvuga ivy’ubwishingizi. Twarafise umukiriya akora umugambi wo kubika inguvu yahisemwo ibintu bitagira icemezo kugira ngo azigame amahera imbere y’igihe. Amashirahamwe y’ubwishingizi yaranse gukingira vyose canke akavuga amahera ateye isoni (1,5% y’agaciro ka sisitemu ku mwaka). Baciye baheza bahindukira bakoresha ibintu vyemewe. Ivyiza vyagabanutse bishika kuri 0,4%.
Hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Aviva buvuga ko 54% vy’ubucuruzi vyashikiwe n’ibibazo vy’amabateri ya litiyumu (ugushuha cane, umwotsi, umuriro). Amashirahamwe y’ubwishingizi arabona ivyo biharuro maze akabihindura bivanye n’ivyo. Ibintu bitagira icemezo bizogira ibihe bikomeye cane vyo kwinjira mu mirongo y’ibikoresho yemewe.
Impanuro zanje: Ingene wosuzuma abaguha
Hashingiwe ku vyo naciyemwo muri iyi myaka:
Baza ivyerekeye ugukura ama cell.
Si ikimenyetso bakoresha, ahubwo ni ingene basuzuma no gucunga ibikoresho biza. Abaguzi bashobora kukwereka ingingo zabo z’igenzura ryinjiye n’amadosiye y’ivyerekanwa ni abo kwizigirwa kuruta.
Baza ivyerekeye ido n’ido ry’imiterere ya BMS.
Uburinzi IC model numbers, uburinganire ubushobozi bw’ubu, umubare n’aho ibimenyetso vy’ubushuhe bishirwa. Ntashobora kwishura canke akagira evasive? Bijabuke kuri list yawe.
Saba raporo z’ibizame vy’icemezo.
Si ivyemezo. Raporo z’ibipimo vyuzuye. Ivyemezo birashobora kuba vy’ibinyoma. Raporo z’ibizame ziragoye cane kwihenda. Raporo zirimwo laboratwari y’igerageza, amatariki y’igerageza, ibintu vyihariye vy’igerageza n’ibisubizo.
Baza ivy'inyuma-inyishu y'ugurisha.
Ni nde afata ingorane, igihe co kwishura, nimba bafise abahinga bo mu mirima. Ntishobora kugenzura ivyo mu gihe c’amasoko, ariko urashobora kubona ingene amasezerano yanditswe.
Baza ivyerekeye ibibazo vy’ukunanirwa.
Umucuruzi wese amaze imyaka mikeyi mu bucuruzi, yarakoze amakosa. Abaguzi bashaka kuganira ku vyo bananiwe ni abo kwizigirwa kuruta abavuga ngo "ntitwigeze tugira ingorane."
Ivyiyumviro vyanyuma
Nkorera muri Polinovel, rero ingingo ngenderwako zo gusuzuma nadondoye haruguru, ku rugero runaka, zidondora ingene twebwe ubwacu dukora ibintu.
Turafise ingingo ngenderwako zikomeye z’ugukwiragira kw’umuriro n’uguhangana n’imbere mu mubiri ku bijanye n’ingingo ziza. Ivyiyumviro vyacu vya BMS birakoresha imigambi ibereye yo kwikingira, si ibice vy’umubiri bihendutse vy’ubwoko bwa DW01. Ivyemezo vyacu biraheza. Ariko sinzokwivugira ko turi "abaruta abandi bose kw'isoko" kuko "abaruta abandi bose" ni ijambo ritagira insiguro.
Ico novuga ni iki: nimba muriko murasuzuma abagurisha amabateri ya litiyumu y’inganda, reka tuganire. Muvuge ivyerekeye ido n’ido ry’ubuhinga. Vuga ivyerekeye ibintu vyihariye vyo gukoresha. Muvuge ibijanye n’imitego yoshobora gushika. Turashobora kuba tutari twebwe dufise agaciro gatoyi kuruta abandi bose, ariko turashobora gusigura igituma dusaba ivyo dusaba.
Ibibazo? Baza ikipe yacu y’abahinga ataco uhinduye. Hari umuntu azogusubiza mu masaha 48.
