48V vs 36V Bateri y'Igare ry'Ikinyabiziga: Ni irihe ry'Ikinyabiziga Cawe
Turabazwa ico kibazo ubudasiba. Kandi mu vy’ukuri, ku 90% vy’ibikorwa vy’ubudandaji bibaza uno musi, inyishu ni 48V. Si kubera ko "ari vyiza" mu buryo bumwe bumwe butaboneka, ariko ni kubera ko ubuhinga bwa 36V butakozwe n'aba OEM bakuru kuva mu 2008. Nimba uriko uragura ibishasha, uba uriko uragura 48V. Ingingo nyayo ni ivyo bishikira ubwato bwawe bwa 36V busanzweho, n’uko guhindura litiyumu bifise akamaro mu vy’amahera ku bikorwa vyawe.
Ivyo bivuzwe, narabonye amashirahamwe y’abaguzi asesa amahera menshi ku mpande zompi z’iyi nsiguro. Gukoresha amahera menshi cane ku bijanye no kwongereza ubushobozi bidakenewe. Gukoresha amahera make ku bikorwa remezo hanyuma ugakorana n’ugusenyuka kw’amashaja haciye amezi atandatu. Kugerageza guhindura umuriro bitwara amahera menshi kuruta amagare yo gusubirira. Amakosa aramenyekana iyo umaze kuyabona bihagije.
Ico kinogo c'ubuhinga mu majambo asobanutse
Ubuhinga bwa 48V bukwega amashanyarazi make kugira ngo butange ubushobozi nk’ubwo nyene. Ku 2.400 watts, ivyo ni 50 amps ugereranije na 66,7 amps ku 36V. Ivyo bigabanya ubushuhe bisigura ubushuhe buke mu nsinga zawe, mu bikoresho bigenzura, no mu bikoresho vyawe. Twarabonye ibikoresho vy’ugucungera ubushuhe bikoresha 15-20℃cooler ku 48V setups mu gihe c’igerageza ry’umuzigo usa. Ubushuhe ni bwo bwica ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none mu gihe c’igihe, ivyo rero birahambaye kugira ngo ubwato bubeho igihe kirekire.
Iyindi ntandukaniro y’ibikorwa ni torque. Gukoresha moteri ku nguvu nyinshi bituma umuvuduko w’inguvu ugenda neza hafi 25-33%. Ku bibanza vy’i Florida bigororotse, ntuzobibona. Ku bibanza vy’imisozi mu bugaragwa bwa Carolinas canke Arizona bifise amahinduka y’uburebure, abashitsi bawe bazobigira ata gukeka.
| 36V Sisitemu | 48V Sisitemu | |
|---|---|---|
| Ubu kuri 2.400W | 66.7A | 50A |
| Ukwongerekana kw'umuvuduko | Umurongo w'intango | +25-33% |
| Uburebure (60Ah litiyumu, igorotse) | Ibirometero 18-25 | Ibirometero 25-35 |
| Uburebure (60Ah litiyumu, imisozi) | Ibirometero 12-18 | Ibirometero 20-28 |
Ikintu kimwe gitera abantu urujijo: "48V" lithium mu vy'ukuri ikoresha 51.2V nominal kuko utugingo ngengabuzima twa LiFePO4 dukora ku 3.2V umwe wese, kandi standard pack ikoresha utugingo ngengabuzima 16 mu rutonde. Itegeko ryo gutanga amazina ni amasigarira y'imisi y'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro-. Ivyo birahambaye igihe uriko urahitamwo amashaja no kugenzura ko igipimo ca SOC gihuye. Igipima gipima aside y'amabuye y'agaciro 48V ntikizosoma neza kuri litiyumu.
Igituma twahagaritse gusaba 36V ku bikorwa bishasha
Haciye imyaka itatu, twari tugikoresha 36V lithium ku bikorwa bimwebimwe. Ubwato buto bw'abanyagihugu, ubutaka buringaniye, ingorane z'ingengo y'imari. Ivyo kuzigama vyari bifise insiguro kandi n’itandukaniro ry’ibikorwa ryari ryemewe.
Uwo mubare warahindutse. Itandukaniro ry’igiciro hagati y’amapaki ya litiyumu ya 36V na 48V ryagabanutse rishika ku madolari 400-600 ku igare. Hagati aho, isoko ryo gusubira kugurisha amagare y’amashanyarazi 36V rirabandanya kugabanuka uko abaguzi biteze ibibazo vyo kuronka ibice muri kazoza. Iyo umu client adusavye gutanga spec system ya 36V uno musi, turasubira inyuma. Si kubera ko 36V idakora, ahubwo ni kubera ko ivyiyumviro vy’imyaka itanu bishigikira standardisation kuri 48V.
Ivyo bitari vyo ni imigambi yo gusubiramwo amato asanzweho y’amashanyarazi 36V afise imyaka 5+ y’ubuzima bw’amashini isigaye. Guhindura ayo magare ngo abe 48V ntaco bimaze (ibindi kuri ivyo biri musi). Gutera mu 36V lithium pack no kwongera ubuzima bw’ibikorwa n’iyindi myaka cumi birashobora kuba uguhamagara gukwiriye.
Ubutunzi bw'amato: Urupapuro rwemeje umuyobozi wacu w'ivy'ubutunzi
Ngiye gusangira n’abandi ivyerekanwa vy’ukuri vya TCO dukoresha imbere, kuko imibare ivuga cane kuruta ivyiyumviro.
Ivyiyumviro: Ubwato bw’amagare 10, imisi 250 y’ibikorwa/umwaka, ikoreshwa ry’agaciro (15-20 miles ku musi), ahantu havanze.
Igishushanyo c'amabuye y'agaciro-Aside 48V (imyaka 5)
Amabateri y’intango: amadolari 10.000 (amadolari 1.000/igare × 10)
Umwaka wa 3 wo gusubirira: $10,000 (ubuzima bw’ingendo buraheze)
Ibikorwa vyo gusanasana: $5,000 (kuvomera, gusukura ikibanza c’indege, amafaranga yo kuringaniza)
Amashanyarazi: $6.500 (ubushobozi bwo gucapura buke, inzinguzingu nyinshi)
Igihe co guhagarara kitategekanijwe: $2.500 (bigereranywa, bishingiye ku makuru y’akahise)
Igitigiri cose: amadolari 34.000
Litiyumu 48V Ivyabaye (imyaka 5)
Amabateri y’intango: Amadolari 22.000 (amadolari 2.200/igare × 10)
Ivyo gusubirira: $0 (ubuzima bw’ingendo burarenga cane imyaka 5)
Ibikorwa vyo gusanasana: $400 (ugusuzuma rimwe na rimwe ikibanza c’indege)
Amashanyarazi: amadolari 4.000 (akora neza cane, n’ingendo nkeyi)
Igihe co guhagarara kitategekanijwe: $300
Igitigiri cose: $26.700
Ivyo uzigamye: $7,300 mu myaka 5, hamwe n'amapaki ya litiyumu aguma afise ubushobozi bwa 70%+ mu myaka 6-10.
Ishirahamwe ry’i Pebble Beach ryasohoye ivyo bintu nk’ivyo nyene inyuma yo guhindura ubwato bwabo bw’amagare 142-. Baciye bandika amadolari 217.000 bazigamye mu myaka itatu, ahanini bivuye ku gukuraho ibikorwa vyo kuvomera no kugabanya igihe co gushaja hagati mu musi (continentalbattery.com). Ivyo ni nk’amadolari 510 ku igare ku mwaka mu kuzigama ibikorwa gusa.
Ku mato akoresha cane -agenda 30+ amakilometero ku musi, ivyimburwa biranyaruka. Twarabonye akaruhuko-mbere n'amezi 18 ku bibanza vy'uburuhukiro bifise uburyo bwo gukoresha buteye akaga.
Ikibazo c'ubushobozi Nta n'umwe abaza neza
Voltage ni yo ironka ivyiyumviro vyose. Guhitamwo ubushobozi niho mu vy’ukuri amashirahamwe y’abaguzi atakaza amahera.
Ipaki ya 150Ah ku nzira y’imyobo 18 igenda ibilometero 25 ku musi ni umutungo w’ubusa. Uriko uriha range utazokwigera ukoresha. Ku rundi ruhande, 60Ah pack ku nzu y’uburuhukiro iri ku misozi ikora amasaha menshi izosiga abashitsi bacitse intege n’abakozi bashaka guhinduranya amashanyarazi.
Ivyo kubara ntibigoye. Ikarata y’ibilometero nyavyo usabwa ku musi. Wongereko 25% y’ububiko bw’ugusenyuka n’imisi y’ugusaba cane. Ihuye n’urugero rw’ubushobozi.
Ibibuga vya golf (ibisanzwe vy'imyobo 18, ibice 3-4/umunsi):80-105Ah ni yo ikora ibikorwa vyinshi. Igihugu c’imisozi kirasunika kija ku mpera y’isonga.
Icumbi/ubwakiranyi (amasaha maremare, ahantu hatandukanye):105-135Ah itanga umwanya wo gukoresha mu misi y'amasaha 12+ ata gushaja hagati mu gihe c'akazi.
Imiryango y'abakuze, amashure yisumbuye:60-80Ah kenshi bihagije kubera umuvuduko muto, inzira ngufi, n’imirongo ishobora gutegekanirwa.
Ibikorwa vy'inganda/ivy'ubuzima:135Ah+ ku musi wose-igihe c'urugendo n'ubushobozi bwo kwikorera cane.
Igiciro gikwiragijwe ni kinini:
Amapaki ya 60Ah agura amadolari 1.400-1.800 ku igare. 105Ah amapaki agura amadolari 2.200-2,800. 150Ah amapaki agura amadolari 3.200-4.000. Ntugure 150Ah iyo 105Ah ipfutse ibahasha yawe y’ibikorwa. Ivyo ni amadolari 10,000+ y'amahera adakenewe ku bwato bw'amagare 10.
Umutego wo Guhinduka Tuguma Tugabisha Abantu
Umuntu wo mw'ishirahamwe ryawe azogusaba guhindura amagare yawe ya 36V ngo abe 48V "kuko turiko turahindura litiyumu uko biri kwose." Ivyo birumvikana kandi hafi y’igihe cose ni ikosa.
Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bituma ubutunzi bw’uguhinduka butera ubwoba. Ntushobora guhindura amabateri gusa. Moteri irakomeretse ku 36V kandi izoshuha cane ku 48V mu ndwi nke. Ico kigenzura ntigishobora gukorana n’itandukaniro ry’umuriro. Ivyuma biriho bishobora kuba bito cane kubera ibipimo vyinshi vy’ugusohoka kw’amazi litiyumu ishoboza.
Igiciro nyaco co guhindura ku igare: |
|
|---|---|
| 48V litiyumu | $1,800 – 2,500 |
| Moteri nshasha | $400 – 800 |
| Umugenzuzi mushasha | $250 – 450 |
| Kuvugurura amawaya | $100 – 200 |
| Igishaja | $200 – 350 |
| Abakozi | $200 – 400 |
Igitigiri cose: $2.950-4.700 ku igare, twiyumvira ko ata ngorane.
Igare ry’amashanyarazi rya 48V rikoreshwa neza rigura amadolari 4.000-6.500. Amagare mashasha y’ubwato atangura ku madolari 7.000-9.000 afise garanti z’abayakora. Inzira yo guhindura irasohoka gusa igihe amafoto yawe asanzwe n'ibihagaze bifise ubuzima buhambaye busigaye KANDI uriko urahindura ku rugero kugira ngo ushiremwo amafaranga yo gutegura.
Navuganye n’ibikorwa vyagerageza guhindura umuriro ata n’ivyo bihimba bihindurwa. Ivyo bashizeko mw’ihuriro biratanga inyigisho. Umuntu umwe akoresha urubuga rwa Cartaholics yaravuze ivyo yaciyemwo amaze gushiramwo amabateri y’amashanyarazi 48V ku modoka y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 36V: moteri irashuha cane ku musozi wose, umugenzuzi arafunga ku misi y’ubushuhe, amaherezo n’amadolari 1.200 yo gusanura amezi atatu.
Ivyo Mu vy'ukuri Bigenda Nabi (Bivuye ku Tike zo Gushigikira n'Ivyo Gushiramwo Ihuriro)
Ivyo bikoresho vyo kwamamaza ntibipfuka uburyo bwo kunanirwa. Ivyo ni vyo bibazo tubona kenshi mu gutanga ibikorwa vy’ubudandaji:
Ivyiyumviro vyinshi vy’amabateri ya 12V.
Abaguzi bagerageza kuzigama amahera mu gukoresha amapaki atatu ya litiyumu y’amashanyarazi 12V mu rutonde aho gukoresha amapaki imwe y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 36V canke 48V. Ivyo bituma umuntu agira inzozi mbi z’uguringaniza utugingo ngengabuzima. Umwe mu bahinga b'ubuhinga bwa none ku nama ya Cartaholics yarabivuze ataco yishisha ati: "Wari ukwiye kugura bateri ya 36V, atari bateri ya 3×12V. Igihe cose uzoba uriko urasohora/ugushaja uzobona ubushobozi bw'amapaki bugabanuka" kubera ugukura kw'ingingo zitandukanye mu mapaki yose. Mu mezi atandatu, uzoba ufise ipaki imwe igabanya izindi.
Igikoresho co gucapura kidahuye.
Ivyuma vy'amabuye y'agaciro-aside bizokwonona amapaki ya litiyumu. Igiharuro c'amashanyarazi ni kibi, umuriro w'iherezo ni bibi, kandi amashaja amwe amwe y'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro-akoresha ivyuma vy'uguringaniza bishobora gutuma BMS ihagarara. Twabonye ivyifuzo vy'igarantiya bihakanwa cane cane kubera ko abaguzi bakoresheje ibikoresho vy'ugushaja aho kugura ibikoresho vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma.
Ivyuma vy’amacupa.
Amapaki ya litiyumu ashobora gutanga umuriro mwinshi kuruta aside y'amabuye y'agaciro.{0}}. Intsinga z'umwimerere zigereranywa n'ibipimo vy'ugusohoka kw'aside z'amabuye y'agaciro zituma umuriro ugabanuka mu gihe c'umuzigo. Ico kimenyetso kimeze nk’aho bateri igoyagoya (kwihuta buhoro, ubushobozi bugabanuka ku misozi) ariko bateri ni nziza. Intsinga ni zo zituma umuntu agira ico akora. Ivyo birasanzwe canecane ku makara ya kera aho ukuboze kwatumye habaho ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ivyo bikoresho.
Uburyo bwo gusinzira bufunga.
Hariho ibice vya BMS binjira mu buryo bwo gusinzira inyuma y’amasaha 18-24 ata gikorwa. Ibikorwa vy’ibihe bibika amagare mu kiringo c’amayinga hagati y’ikoreshwa bigaruka ku mapaki atazovyuka ata buryo bumwe bumwe bwo gusubiramwo. Suzuma inyifato ya BMS mu gihe c’ububiko buramba imbere y’uko ugura.
SOC meter y’urujijo.
Ivyo bisa n’ibito gushika umushitsi apfutse igare kuko igipimo casoma 40% mu gihe ubushobozi nyabwo bwari 5%. Ivyuma vy’umuriro vy’aside vy’amabuye y’agaciro bitandukanye n’ivy’amabuye y’agaciro. Ico gipimo ni ikinyoma. Ushobora gusubirirana n'igipimo ca litiyumu-canke gutoza abakozi kwirengagiza igipimo cariho rwose.
Ivyangombwa vyo guhitamwo abaguzi bihambaye mu vy'ukuri
Mu bateri y'igare rya golfisoko ryuzuye ibintu vyera -bivuye mu rushinge rumwe rw'abahinguzi b'amaseli y'Abashinwa. Gutandukanya abagurisha bisaba kuraba ivya kera vy’umutwe w’inkuru.
- Amajambo ya garanti.Mbega iyo garanti iravuga mu buryo butomoye ikoreshwa ry’ubudandaji, canke hariho ikintu co gukuraho gihambwe mu nyandiko nziza? None inzira y’ugusaba ni iyihe? Mbega vyoba bipfuka igikorwa canke ibihimba gusa? Umuhinguzi umwe twasuzumye yarakuyeho garanti iyo umuriro wo gushaja urenze 43 amps, ivyo bikaba birengerwa bitagoranye n’ibikoresho vy’ugushaja vy’inguvu nyinshi-.
- Ivyerekeye BMS.Ugushiramwo uburinganire bw’ingingo ku 200mA+ ni ngombwa ku bikorwa vy’ubudandaji aho amagare akora inzinguzingu z’ugusohoka kw’ibice bisubiramwo. Passive balancing ikora neza ku gukoresha kw’abaguzi n’ugusubiramwo umuriro ku musi. Birananirwa mu buryo bw’ubudandaji. Suzuma kandi uburinzi bw'ubushuhe buke- (bubuza gushaja munsi ya degre 32 F, bituma ubushuhe bwononekara ubudasiba).
- Uburyo bwo kugerageza ubuzima bw’ingendo."3.000 cycles" bisigura ibintu bitandukanye bivanye n'ingene ikigeragezo giteye. Ni ku burebure ubuhe bw’ugusohoka? Ni ubuhe bushuhe? Basabe inyandiko z’itegeko ry’ikigeragezo. Abahinguzi b’icubahiro bazobitanga.
- Inkuru z’ibitabu.Uwugurisha wese agurisha mu mato y'ubudandaji akwiye kuguhuza n'ibikorwa 2-3 bigereranywa. Baza ivyo bimenyetso vyihariye ku bijanye n’ubumenyi bwo gusaba garanti. Ivyo igicuruzwa gikora biroroshe kugenzura. Uburyo bwo gufasha inyuma y’ugucuruza bwigaragaza gusa iyo hari ikintu kigenda nabi.
| Umuhinguzi | Igarantiya | Inzinguzingu zavuzwe | Igipimo c'ikirere gikanye | Porogarama y'ubudandaji |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tiroja | Imyaka 10 | 3,500-5,000 | Ibisanzwe | Urubuga rw'abacuruzi, inyigisho z'ivya mato |
| IDIFARIRO | Imyaka 10 | 3,500+ | Ibisanzwe | IP67 yashizweho, ikipe y'abafasha ubwato |
| Litiyumu ifatanye | Imyaka 8 | 3,000-5,000 | Ibisanzwe | Bulutooth BMS, ugurisha mu karere |
| Bateri nini | Imyaka 12 | 3,500+ | Ibisanzwe | OEM irahari, agaciro gakomeye/kWh |
| Litiyumu ya Dakota | Imyaka 11 | 2,000-5,000 | -20 degre F yagereranywa | Ivyiza ku bihe vyo mu buraruko |
Igabanywa ry'ibiciro vy'ubwato risanzwe rigenda 15-25% ku biciro vyasohowe ku mategeko y'ibice 20+. Kuganira. Ivyiyumviro biri ku mapaki ya litiyumu birashigikira ibiciro bifise insiguro ku rugero.
Inzego z'Ingingo Dukoresha Mu Vy'ukuri
Ku bijanye n'ugushiraho ubwato bushasha:
48V lithium, ingana n’ibahasha ryawe ry’ibikorwa wongereko 25% y’ububiko. Ntukurikire ubushobozi burengeye. Ntiwemere ubushobozi bukeyi. Huza n’ivyo usaba.
Ku bikoresho vya 36V biriho bifise ubuzima bw’ubuhinga busigaye:
36V lithium retrofit, pack imwe yunze ubumwe (si ama units menshi ya 12V mu rutonde), n’ugusubirira charger biri mu rwego rw’umugambi.
Ku bikoresho vya 36V biriho vyegereza iherezo-ry-ubuzima:
Gusubiriza n’amagare ya 48V aho guhindura. Ubutunzi burakunda gusubirizwa.
Ku mato avanze:
Standard ku voltage imwe nimba bishoboka. Kubungabunga ibiharuro bibiri vy’ibikoresho, imigende y’ibice bibiri, n’amategeko abiri y’amahugurwa bituma habaho amafaranga menshi yo gukoresha ashobora gutuma amafaranga azigama avuye mu guhuza umuriro "vyiza".
Turakoresha porogaramu z'igerageza ku bakiriya basuzuma amahinduka y'ubwato-. Amagare atanu gushika ku cumi, igihe cose co gukora, uruhande-ku-uruhande n’ibikoresho biriho. Amakuru yagereranywa ava kuri uwo mudereva amenyesha ingingo nini yo gutanga amasoko n’imibare nyayo y’ibikorwa biva ku karere kawe, uburyo ukoresha, ikirere cawe. Ivyiyumviro vy’abahinguzi ni ngirakamaro. Amakuru y’ibikorwa ava ku mutungo wawe ni meza.
Niba uriko urakora muri iri sesangura kandi ushaka kuvuga biciye mu bintu vyihariye, ikigo cacu c’abahinga kirakora ivyo biyago ubudasiba. Tuzokubwira nimba imibare idashigikira ivyo uriko urimbura, naho ivyo vyoba bisobanura gusaba ko udashobora kugura.
*Amakuru yerekana ubuhinga bwa LiFePO4 mu gihe c’ubudandaji kuva mu ntango za 2025. Igiciro, ibisobanuro, n’ukuboneka birashobora guhinduka. Ivyiyumviro vy'ubuzima bw'ingendo bishingiye ku bigeragezo vy'abahinguzi ku 80% vy'uburebure bw'amazi asohoka.*
