Igikoresho co kureremba ni iki?

Inguvu ziterera ni urugero rw'inguvu zikoreshwa kuri bateri yuzuye kugira ngo igumye ifise umuriro mu gusubiza inyuma self-discharge. Uwo muyagankuba wo gucungera umuriro urabuza gushaja bike canke gushaja birenze urugero, ivyo bikaba bituma bateri iguma yiteguriye gukoreshwa ubwo nyene mu bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vyo gusubiza inyuma, mu bikoresho vy’ivyihutirwa be no mu gushiramwo inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo.

Bateri ntiziguma zifise umuriro ubuziraherezo. Naho yoba yacitse ku muzigo uwo ari wo wose, amabateri yose aragira self-discharge-a gutakaza umuriro buhoro buhoro bitewe n’imigenderanire y’imiti yo mu mutima. Bateri z’amabuye y’agaciro zitakaza hafi 3-5% vy’ubushobozi bwazo ku kwezi mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba, mu gihe amabateri amwe amwe y’amabuye y’agaciro atakaza 1-3%.

Gushaja kw'amazi bitorera umuti ivyo mu gukoresha umuriro udahinduka, mutoyi wuzuza neza neza ivyo bateri itakaza biciye mu kwisohora -. Ico gikoresho co gucapura n’ico gikoresho co gucapura bikorana, ico gikoresho kikaba gitanga gusa umuriro uhagije kugira ngo bateri igume ikora neza ata nguvu zirengeje urugero zoshobora kwonona utugingo ngengabuzima.

Iciyumviro gica kiba ikintu gihambaye cane mu bikorwa vy’ugutegerezwa. Amashanyarazi adacika ku bibanza vy’amakuru akeneye amabateri afise ubushobozi 100% iyo uruzitiro rwacitse. Ivyuma vy’amatara vyihutirwa bitegerezwa guca bikora ubwo nyene mu gihe umuyagankuba uzimye. Ivyo bimenyetso bisaba amabateri yicara amezi menshi ataco akora ariko akaguma yuzuye-ivyo nyene umuriro uterera utanga.

Float Voltage

Ubwoko butandukanye bwa bateri busaba amashanyarazi atandukanye cane, kandi gukoresha amashanyarazi atari yo birashobora kugabanya cane ubuzima bwa bateri canke bikazana ingorane z’umutekano.

Amabateri y'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro, harimwo n'ay'amazi, AGM, n'ay'amazi, afise ubushobozi bw'umuriro buterera. Ku bushuhe bwa degre 25 (77 degre F), igipimo ni nk’amavolte 2,25 gushika kuri 2,30 ku gice. Ku bateri isanzwe ya 12V ifise utugingo ngengabuzima tutandatu, ivyo bihinduka 13.5-13.8V.

Amabateri y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro-arengewe n’amazi akenshi areremba ku 13.4V (2.23V ku cellule), ari hasi gatoyi y’ibindi bifise ikidodo kugira ngo amazi atakaye agabanuke bivuye ku gukoresha gaze y’umuyagankuba. Bateri za AGM zikora neza ku 13.5-13.6V, mu gihe bateri za gel zikunda 13.1-13.3V kubera ko zishobora gushikirwa n’inguvu zirengeje urugero.

Ivyo bipimo si ivy’ubujuju. Ku nkomezi z'umuriro, bateri yemera umuriro mutoyi-mu bisanzwe uri munsi ya 1% y'ubushobozi bwayo bw'amasaha y'amp{3}}. Bateri ya 100Ah ishobora gukura gusa 0.5-1 amp mu gihe co gucagura, bihagije gusa kugira ngo irwanye ukwikura ataco ikora ku buhinga bwa bateri.

Ubushuhe buragira ingaruka zikomeye ku nguvu nziza y'umuriro. Ivyiyumviro vy’amashanyarazi mu mabati y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro-vyihuta iyo hari ubushuhe, bikagenda buhoro iyo hari ubukonje. Igisubizo c’ubushuhe busanzwe mu nganda ni nk’ -3.9mV ku degre ku nsoro. Ku bateri ya 12V, ivyo ni nk’ibice -23mV ku degre ku mpapuro zose.

Rimbura akarorero: Bateri yuzuye 12V ifise umuriro w'amazi 13,4V ku degre 25 . Iyo ubushuhe bwo mu karere buzamutse bukagera kuri degre 35 (ukwiyongera kwa degre 10), umuriro w’amazi ureremba uba 13.17V. Iyo hataba iyo mpinduka, umuriro mwinshi cane iyo ubushuhe buri hejuru wotuma habaho ugutakaza gazi n’amazi birenze urugero. Ku rundi ruhande, ku 15℃, umuriro wo kureremba ukwiye kwongerekana ukagera kuri 13.63V kugira ngo ntihagire umuriro uhagaze neza mu bihe bikonje.

Bateri za litiyumu zitanga ishusho igoye kuruta. Naho amabateri y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro-yakozwe afise mu muzirikanyi ugushaja kw’amabuye y’agaciro, ubuhinga bwa litiyumu-cane cane litiyumu-ion-busaba kwiyumvira neza imbere yo gukoresha umuriro w’amabuye y’agaciro udahinduka.

Bateri za LiFePO4 (Litiyumu Iron Phosphate) zirashobora kwihanganira gucapura iyo zitunganijwe neza. Igikoresho co gukoresha umuriro gishobora kuva kuri 3,35 gushika kuri 3,45V ku gice kimwe (13,4-13,8V ku gipimo ca 12V). Ariko rero, mbere n’ingingo ngenderwako za LiFePO4 zirakura ningoga iyo zigumye zifise umuriro mwinshi cane mu kiringo kirekire.

Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (NMC, NCA) birashikirwa n’ingorane nyinshi. Izo cellule zikunda gushika ku 4.2V ku cellule, ariko kuzigumya kuri iyo voltage ziguma zitera umubabaro ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi. Cathode irahinduka mu mibumbe, litiyumu irashobora kuba ku anode, kandi ibintu biva ku ruhande vyihuta kubora kw’amazi.

Aha nihoLitiyumu iyoni y'ibateriumugambi uba uwuhambaye cane. Ivyuma vy'amabateri y'iyon y'uburyo bwiza ntibikoresha cane cane ivy'ukuri vy'ugushaja. Ahubwo, bakoresha ubuhinga bwa "ububiko bw'umuriro"-bashaja kumbure 3.9-4.0V ku cellule hanyuma bagaca bafata, bagasubira gufatanya gusa iyo umuriro ugabanutse munsi y'urugero. Ivyo bibuza umubabaro w’umuriro uhoraho w’ugushaja kw’amazi y’umuyagankuba.

Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) mu mabateri ya litiyumu burakurikirana ubudasiba ubushobozi bw’amabateri. Igihe hagerageza gucapura ivyuma bireremba, BMS itegerezwa gutuma utugingo ngengabuzima turi ku rugero rubereye be n’uko umuriro ugenzurwa neza. Mbere na 50-100mV hejuru y’umuriro utegekanijwe birashobora gutuma umuntu yihuta gusenyuka.

Ico bisobanura: benshi mu bakora amabateri ya litiyumu ion barahanura canecane ko badakomeza gushaja amabateri ya litiyumu -ion. Ahubwo, basaba ko umuntu ashobora gushaja canke kubika ku 80-90% ku bikorwa vy'igihe kirekire.

Float Voltage

Inguvu z'umuriro zireremba ntizibaho zitandukanye-ni intambwe ya nyuma y'uburyo bwo gushaja mu bice bitatu-ivyo benshi mu bashaja ba bateri bo muri iki gihe bakoresha ku bikoresho vy'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibindi bikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa litiyumu.

Intambwe y’ubunini itanga umuriro mwinshi kugira ngo usubize vuba ubushobozi bwa bateri. Iyo bateri ivuye cane-tuvuge, munsi ya 80% y'ubushobozi-ishobora kwemera ibiciro vyinshi vy'ubu. Igikoresho co gucapura gifise ubunini bubereye kizotanga 15-25% vy’ubushobozi bwa bateri mu ma amps. Bateri ya 100Ah ishobora kwakira 15-25 amps mu gihe co gucagura cane.

Inguvu z’umuriro ziraduga buhoro buhoro mu gihe c’ugushaja cane uko uburyo bwo gushaja bwa bateri bugenda buraduga. Ku bateri ya 12V lead-acid, umuriro ushobora kuduga uva kuri 11.5V iyo uvuye cane gushika nko kuri 14.4V ku mpera y'inzira y'uburemere. Igikoresho co gucapura kigumya umuriro uhoraho mu gihe umuriro ukurikira ukwemera kwa bateri.

Nk’ibice 80 kw’ijana vy’ubushobozi bwa bateri biragaruka mu gihe c’ugushaja cane. Iyi ntambwe iranyaruka cane-bateri y’amashanyarazi 100Ah ishobora kurangiza gucagura cane mu masaha 3-5 ikoresheje igikoresho co gucapura 20-amp.

Uko bateri yegera 80-90% y’ubushobozi bwayo, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwemera umuriro buragabanuka. Ico gikoresho gica kija mu buryo bwo gufata, kigafata umuriro udahinduka (mu bisanzwe 14.4-14.8V ku 12V lead-acid) mu gihe umuriro ugenda ugabanuka.

Mu gihe c’ugufata, umuriro wo gucapura woshobora kuva ku 15 amps ukaja ku 5 amps, hanyuma ukaja ku 2 amps uko bateri yegera ubushobozi bwose. Ivyiyumviro vy’imiti biri mu masahani y’amabateri biragabanya-ibibanza vy’ibikoresho bikora bica bifata abantu, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bwo mu mutima buragwira gatoyi.

Iyi ntambwe ifata igihe kirekire kuruta igice kinini naho igarura 10-20% gusa vy'ubushobozi. Iyo bateri nyene ya 100Ah yoshobora kumara amasaha 3-4 mu buryo bwo gufata. Ico gikoresho gica gikurikirana umuriro, kigategerezwa gushika munsi y’urugero-kumbure C/50 (2 amps ku bateri ya 100Ah)-mbere y’uko gihindukira kikaja ku mazi.

Igihe ukunywa guheze, igikoresho co gucapura kiragabanya umuriro ku rugero rw’uguterera. Ku karorero kacu k’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro 12V-asidi, umuriro ugabanuka uva kuri 14.4V ukaja kuri 13.5V. Amashanyarazi aca agwa ku rugero rutoyi-kenshi munsi ya 1 amp.

Bateri ubu mu vy'ukuri "iraruhuka" iyo yuzuye. Igikoresho gito co kureremba kibuza umuriro mwinshi-gucapura bishobora gutuma haba gaze mu mabati yuzuye amazi canke umubabaro mu mabati yugarijwe. Igikoresho gitoyi cane gisubirira ivyo bateri itakaza mu kwisohora.

Ivyuma vy'ubuhinga bwa none vy'inzira zitatu-bishobora kuguma mu buryo bwo kureremba ubuziraherezo. Bateri ifatanijwe n’igikoresho co gucapura kibereye gishobora kumara amezi canke mbere imyaka, ikaba yama yiteguriye gutanga ubushobozi bwose iyo bikenewe. Ivyo bituma gucagura amabateri ari meza cane mu bikoresho vya UPS, amatara y’ivyihutirwa be n’ibikoresho vy’inkengeri.

Ibibanza vy'amakuru vyishingikiriza cane ku gucunga neza umuriro w'amazi. Igikoresho gisanzwe co gushiramwo UPS coshobora kubamwo amabateri menshi y’amashanyarazi 12V mu rutonde kugira ngo haboneke amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 480V canke arenga. Izo bateri ziguma zireremba, rimwe na rimwe zigamara imyaka hagati y’ibintu bishika zigasohoka.

Ivyuma bishaja amabateri vya UPS bikunda kubungabunga amabateri ku nkomezi z’umuriro zitegekanijwe n’umuhinguzi-kenshi 2.27V ku gice c’amabateri ya VRLA (valve{3}}igenzurwa n’amabateri y’amabuye y’agaciro-acid). Ivyuma bipima ubushuhe birahindura iyo nkomezi ubudasiba. UPS ya 480V ifise amabateri 20 y’amavolt cumi n’abiri-mu rutonde isaba gutunganya neza umuriro mu bice vyose 240.

Ingorane irakomera cane uko amabateri asaza. Uko amabateri akura, niko n'ibipimo vy'ugusohoka kwavyo bishobora kwongerekana, bikaba bisaba amashanyarazi atandukanye gatoyi. Uburyo bwa UPS buteye imbere bukoresha ubuhinga bwo kugenzura umuriro ku -umurongo kugira ngo bumenye amabateri yasenyutse akura umuriro mwinshi cane-ikimenyetso c'ugutera imbere kw'ibice vy'umuriro bigufi canke vyumye-.

Off-izuba ry'uruzitiro ritanga ingorane zidasanzwe zo gushaja. Bateri zimara imisi canke amayinga yuzuye mu bihe vy’izuba, hanyuma zigaca zisohoka mu bihe vy’ibicu vyinshi.

Abagenzuzi b'izuba bakoresha ubuhinga buhambaye bwo kureremba. Ku murango, iyo amabateri ashitse ku ntumbero yuzuye, uwo mugenzuzi aragabanya umuriro w’ibarabara kugira ngo ugere ku rugero rwo kureremba. Ivyo bibuza gushaja cane mu gihe bituma amapaneli ashobora guha amashanyarazi imizigo yo mu nzu ataco akora. Nijoro, iyo amapaneli ata nguvu atanga, biragaragara ko ugushaja kw’amabateri guhagarara, maze amabateri agatangura gusohoka.

Itandukaniro rikomeye n’ibikorwa vya UPS ni ugutwara amagare. Bateri zikoreshwa n’izuba zishobora kureremba amasaha 8-12 ku musi, zigasohoka ijoro ryose, hanyuma zigasubira gusohoka umusi ukurikira. Ivyo bisaba ko ubushuhe buhinduka cane, kuko ubushuhe bwa bateri bushobora guhinduka cane hagati y’umurango n’ijoro.

Bateri z’imodoka zigaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo gushaja. Iyo moteri ikora, alternateur irashaja ku nguvu nyinshi (14,2-14,4V). Ariko rero, ama alternateur yo muri iki gihe arashiramwo ibintu vy’ubwenge bigabanya umuriro iyo bateri yegereje gushaja, mu vy’ukuri bikaba bituma umuriro uterera igihe uriko uratwara imodoka.

Uburyo bw’amabateri yo mu kiyaga akenshi butandukanya amabateri yo mu nzu (y’amatara n’ay’ubuhinga bwa none) n’amabateri yo gutangura. Bateri zo mu nzu zishobora kuguma zikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi yo ku nkombe canke amatara y’izuba mu gihe ubwato bwicaye ku nkombe. Ivyuma vy’ugushaja amabateri yo mu kiyaga bitanga ugushaja kw’amabanki menshi, n’imiterere y’umuriro w’amabateri atandukanye.

Kugira ngo umuriro ureremba ube mwiza bisaba kwitwararika ibintu vyinshi birenze ivyerekeye umuriro w’ishimikiro.

Iyo ata n’ubushuhe busubiza inyuma, amabateri arababazwa. Bateri iri mu cumba c’ibikoresho c’uburebure bwa degre 40 ironka 13.8V igira umubabaro nk’uwo bateri iri ku burebure bwa degre 25 ironka 14.2V-vyompi biri hejuru cane y’ubushuhe bw’ubushuhe butekanye ku bushuhe nyabwo.

Ivyuma bishaja amabateri vyiza birimwo ibikoresho bipima ubushuhe. Ico gikoresho coshobora kuba kiri imbere (niba igikoresho co gucapura gisangiye uruzitiro n’amabateri) canke kiri kure (igikoresho co gupima gishirwa ku mabateri canke hafi yayo). Microcontrôleur y’ico gikoresho gihindura umuriro usohoka ubwo nyene bishingiye ku bushuhe busomwa.

Ibara ry'indishi riragororotse: Ku bateri y'aside y'amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi 12V ifise utugingo ngengabuzima 6 n'umurongo w'intango w'amazi 13.5V ku degre 25, koresha -3.9mV/ degre × utugingo ngengabuzima 6=-23.4mV/ degre . Niba ubushuhe bwa bateri ari degre 30 , hindura umuriro na (30-25) × -0,0234V=-0.117V, ubone 13,38V.

Igikoresho co kureremba kigaragaza ubuzima bwa bateri. Bateri ifise amagara meza iri mu buryo bwo kureremba ikwiye gukura munsi ya 1% y’uburemere bwayo bwa Ah mu amps. Igikoresho gikomeye cane kigaragaza ingorane: ivyuma vy’imbere, ivyuma vyumye-mu mabati yuzuye amazi, canke ivyuma biva ku gushaja guke kw’imbere.

Ubuhinga bwo kugenzura bateri buteye imbere bukurikirana imigenderanire y'ubu kureremba mu gihe. Ukwongerekana buhorobuhoro akenshi bibanza gusenyuka kwa bateri amezi menshi, bikaba bitanga imburi yo gutegura urutonde rwo gusubirizwa mu gihe c’amadirisho yo gusanasana aho gushikirwa n’ugusenyuka bitunguranye.

Imitego myinshi ihora itera ingorane uburyo bwo gushaja ama float. Gukoresha igikoresho co gucapura cagenewe gukoresha ubuhinga bwa shimi bwa bateri imwe n’iyindi kumbure ni co kintu gisanzwe. Bateri ya gel iri ku gikoresho co gucapura bateri yuzuye amazi ironka 13.8V aho kuronka 13.2V isabwa izoshuha cane maze ipfure imbere y’igihe.

Iyindi nkosho ikunda gukorwa ni ukwirengagiza ugusubiza inyuma ubushuhe mu bidukikije bifise ubushuhe buhinduka cane. Igikoresho co gukoresha amabateri kiri mu kabati k’amatelefone co hanze coshobora guhura n’ubushuhe buva kuri degre -10 gushika kuri degre 50 ku mwaka. Ata n’umwe atanga indishi, amabateri araguma akoreshwa cane mu ci, mu rushana na yo akaguma akoreshwa cane, ivyo bikaba bigabanya cane ubuzima.

Kubura uguhinduka kuva ku gufata amazi gushika ku kureremba na vyo nyene biratera ingorane. Ivyuma bimwe bimwe vy'uburemere buke-ntivyigera vy'ukuri bigabanya umuriro ku rugero rwiza rwo kureremba, ahubwo bigumya amabateri ku muriro wo gufata umuriro ubuziraherezo. Ivyo bikora amasaha canke mbere imisi ariko bikaba bitera ingorane zirundanijwe mu ndwi n’amezi y’ugukomeza gukorana.

Float Voltage

Ubushakashatsi buguma bwerekana ko gushaja neza float bishobora kwongereza cane ubuzima bwa bateri. Bateri z’aside z’amabuye y’agaciro zigumye zifise ubushobozi bwo kureremba bubereye zifise ubushuhe bushobora gushika ku myaka 8-10 y’ibikorwa mu bikorwa vy’ugutegerezwa, ugereranyije n’imyaka 4-5 iyo umuriro wo kureremba ucungiwe nabi.

Uburyo buragororotse: gushaja cane bituma uruzitiro rw’amabateri y’amabuye y’agaciro-aside rusenyuka kandi bituma ibikoresho bikora vyihuta gusesa. Gushiramwo umuriro muto bituma amabuye y’agaciro yitwa sulfate-akura cane kandi akomeye, bikagabanya ubushobozi ubudasiba. Inguvu z’umuriro ziterera zitera ahantu heza aho ata kintu na kimwe kiganza.

Ku ma bateri ya litiyumu, inyungu yo kubaho igihe kirekire iva mu kwirinda gukoresha umuriro mwinshi uhoraho. Kubika urugingo rwa litiyumu-ion ku 4.2V ugereranije na 3.9V birashobora kugabanya ubuzima bw’ingendo n’ibice 30-40%. Ivyuma bishaja amabateri y’i litiyumu y’uburyo bwiza birashiramwo ubwo bumenyi, bishobora kwirinda gushaja vyose canke bishira mu ngiro imipaka y’umuriro uri munsi cane y’umuriro wo gushaja.

Ivyerekeye abahinguzi ba bateri bikwiye kwama bifata imbere. Naho amabwirizwa rusangi atanga aho umuntu yotangura, amabateri yihariye akenshi arafise ibisabwa bidasanzwe bishingiye ku kuntu yubatswe imbere, ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi be n’ingene akoreshwa.

Float charging si bwo buryo bwonyene bwo kubungabunga amabateri, naho ari bwo busanzwe ku bikorwa bihagaze.

Trickle charging ikoresha umuriro muto uhoraho aho gukoresha umuriro uhoraho. Ubu buryo bwa kera burabura ubwenge bwo gushaja kandi burashobora gushaja cane amabateri iyo umuriro w'amazi urenze umuriro w'amazi y'amazi. Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’inzira zitatu-vyasubiriye cane ivyuma vy’ugushaja vyoroshe vy’amazi kubera imvo nziza.

Gushaja kw’impumuro bikoresha impumuro z’umuriro zigenda zihinduka aho gukoresha umuriro uhoraho. Abahinguzi bamwe bamwe bavuga ko gukoresha umuriro bigabanya sulfation mu mabati y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro, naho ibimenyamenya bivanze. Gushaja n’impumuro ni bike cane mu bikorwa vy’abantu benshi.

Ku ma bateri ya litiyumu, "uburyo bwo kubika" bwo gucapura bwaronse ubutoni. Ico gikoresho gisuzuma umuriro igihe cose kandi kigatanga umuriro wo hejuru-hejuru iyo umuriro wagabanutse munsi y'urugero, hanyuma kigaca gica. Ivyo bituma umuntu adakomeza gufatanya n’ibindi bikoresho vya kera vy’ugushaja mu gihe amabateri aguma yiteguriye gukoreshwa.

Inguvu zireremba zigereranya umuce w'ishimikiro wo gucungera amabateri, cane cane ku bikorwa vy'inguvu zitegerejwe. Bateri z’aside z’amabuye y’agaciro zifise inyifato nziza-igaragazwa n’ibipimo vyinshi vy’ukwisohora zari zagenewe gushaja zireremba. Inguvu z’umuriro ziri hasi cane ku buryo zishobora gukingira ivyonona ariko ziri hejuru cane ku buryo zishobora kuguma zifise umuriro wuzuye ibihe bidahera.

Bateri za litiyumu zisaba uburyo butari bwo. Ukwo kwiyongera kw’ugukoresha amashaja y’amabateri ya litiyumu mu bikorwa vy’inguvu z’inyuma bisaba gutahura ko gushaja kw’amazi kwa kera bishobora kutakora. Bateri nyinshi za litiyumu zikora neza cane iyo zishizweko umuriro mu bihe bitandukanye aho gukoresha umuriro w’umuriro.

Uruhara rw’ubushuhe ntirushobora kurengerwa. Ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi vy’amabateri birasubiza cane mu bihe vy’ubushuhe, ivyo bikaba bituma gusubiza inyuma ubushuhe biba ngombwa ku buryo bwose bwo gushaja bureremba bushikiwe n’ibidukikije bitandukanye.

Gushaja neza, bifatanijwe n’ibikoresho vy’uburyo bwiza n’ugukurikirana neza, bihindura amabateri kuva ku bikoresho bisaba gusubirwamwo kenshi bikaba ibintu vy’igihe kirekire-vyizigirwa. Ishoramari ritoyi mu bikoresho vyiza vyo gushaja ritanga inyungu biciye ku buzima buramba bwa bateri no ku nguvu zishobora kwizigirwa zo gusubiza inyuma igihe ari vyo bihambaye cane.