Ni ibiki ni ibiki vy'i Lithium - Ibateri?
Inguvu z'ubushobozi n'Inguvu z'Ivyiyumviro vy'Ibikoresho vy'Imibare
Mu gihe c’umuriro- gutanga inyishu y’amabateri ya litiyumu - ni ibikoresho bikora gusa vy’ivyuma vyiza n’ibibi bikora litiyumu - ivy’ugufatanya/gukuraho, mu gihe umuyagankuba n’ibindi bikoresho bitakoreshwa. Ku bw’ivyo, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho vyiza n’ibibi vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode bihinduranya/gukuraho litiyumu litiyumu ni vyo bigena ubushobozi bw’umuriro wuguruye bwa bateri, n’ingero y’iyon za litiyumu zifatanya/guhindura ni zo zigena ubushobozi bw’ikintu gikora. Benshi kw’isi yose litiyumu - abakora amabateri na litiyumu - abatanga amabateri bateri bashingiye kuri ivyo bimenyetso vy’ibikoresho kugira ngo bashobore gushika ku guhingura ibintu vyinshi n’ubushobozi buhoraho.
Ku bijanye n’ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode bibi, iyo nzira ibaho hakurikijwe Ingano (1.2). Ku rugero rwa carbone (12g), igice ca 1/6 c’iyon litiyumu gishobora guhurizwa hamwe. Ku bw’ivyo, ubushobozi bwihariye bw’ivyiyumviro vy’ibintu bibi vy’umuyagankuba ni .
1/6(mol)×96485(Guhoraho ku musi,C/mol)/12(g)=3400C/g=372(mA·h/g) (1.5)
Mu gukoresha ku musi ku musi, turavye litiyumu yatakaje kubera adsorption n’uguhingura filime ikomeye y’ubuhinga bwa electrolyte (SEI), ubushobozi nyabwo bwo gushika ku bikoresho vy’umuyagankuba ni 300–345 mA·h/g. Gukoresha litiyumu - abaguzi bateri bashika kuri uru rugero biciye ku nzira nziza y’ibara ry’ibara ry’agahama n’uburyo bwo gupfuka neza.
Ku bijanye n’ibintu vyiza vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode, ubushobozi bwayo buvana n’ingero y’iyon za litiyumu zishobora gukurwamwo/zikoreshwa. Gufata LiCoO ₂ nk’akarorero, gushika ku 1 y’iyon lithium ku mole ya LiCoO₂ birashobora kugira uruhara mu vyo kwifata. Ku bw’ivyo, ubushobozi bwihariye bw’ivyiyumviro bwa LiCoO (uburemere bw’ibihimba 97.86) ni .
1(mol)×96485(C/mol)/97.86(g)=985.95C/g=273.9(mA·h/g) (1.6)
Mu bikorwa, kugira ngo hagumyeho uburemere bw’ibintu vya LiCoO₪, muri rusangi 30% gusa–60% gusa vy’iyon litiyumu iragira uruhara muri iyo nzira. Ku bw’ivyo, ubushobozi nyabwo bw’ibikoresho vya LiCoO ₪ ni 137–164 mA·h/g. Igiharuro kinini litiyumu - abahingura OEM bagenzura uburebure bw’inguvu n’ugusohoka biciye mu BMS iteye imbere kugira ngo bashobore kuronka ubuzima bwiza mu gihe bamenya neza umutekano.
Ku bijanye n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bita litiyumu, 1 mol y’iyon litiyumu ku mole y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Ku bw’ivyo, ubushobozi n’ukuri vy’ukuri bw’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (uburemere bw’ibihimba vy’umubiri 157.8) ni .
1(mol)×96485(C/mol)/157.8(g)=611.44C/g=169.8(mA·h/g) (1.7)
Mu kamere, ubushobozi busanzwe bwa Li/Li⁺ ni bwo bukeyi, bushika kuri -3.04 V (vs. electrode y’ihydrogène). Ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bw’umuyagankuba, ubushobozi bwo gukura litiyumu-ion n’ugushiramwo ni hafi y’ubushobozi bwa Li/Li⁺. Dushingiye ku ciyumviro c’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi, mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba, ubushobozi bw’umuyagankuba E bw’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba ni .
E=E℃+ 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺)/C(Li,C₆)] (1.8)
hehe
E℃- ubushobozi bw'ubuhinga bwa electrode;
C(Li⁺) - ivyiyumviro vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma mu mazi y’umuyagankuba;
C(Li,C₆) - ivyiyumviro vya litiyumu mu nzira y’ubuhinga bwa electrode.
Iyo litiyumu litiyumu mu gisubizo no mu gipimo c'umuyagankuba kibi kiri hafi, ubushobozi bw'ubuhinga bw'umuyagankuba bw'umuyagankuba bungana n'ubushobozi bwo kugabanya Egrade . Muri rusangi, litiyumu litiyumu mu gitereko c’umuyagankuba iragumaho, ni co gituma ihinduka ry’ivyuma vy’ilitiyumu mu nzitiro mbi y’umuyagankuba izotuma habaho amahinduka mu bushobozi bw’umuyagankuba bubi. Ubu nta buryo bwose bwo kubara ubushobozi nyabwo bw’uburinganire bwa Li/C₆ n’agaciro ka x gahinduka. Muri rusangi bigenwa mu buryo bw’igerageza. Igerageza ryerekana ko ubushobozi bwo gukuraho graphite- muri rusangi buhinduka hagati ya 0–0.4 V (vs. Li/Li⁺), bikaba bituma ari ibikoresho bibi vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode kugira ngo bikoreshwe. Igishushanyo 1.2 kigaragaza igipimo gisanzwe- gutanga ikigereranyo c'umurongo w'ibarabara ry'ibarabara ry'ibarabara ry'ibarabara.
Ku bikoresho vyiza vya LiCoO vyiza, uburyo bwo gushiramwo litiyumu/ugukuraho ni uburyo bumwe -phase. Uko uburemere bw’iyon bwa litiyumu mu bikoresho vyiza vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode buhinduka, ubushobozi bw’ivyo bikoresho vyiza na bwo burahinduka. Turavye ivyiyumviro vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma ni 1 mol/L, ku bijanye n’inyishu mu nzitiro (1.1), ubushobozi bwiza bw’ubuhinga bwa electrode E ni .
E=E℃+ 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺,CoO)/C(LiCoO ₂)] (1.9)
hehe
E℃- ubushobozi bw'ubuhinga bwa electrode;
C(LiCoO ₂) - ivyiyumviro vya LiCoO ₂ mu bikoresho vyiza vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode;
C(Li⁺,CoO ₂) - ivyiyumviro vya Li⁺ na CoO ₂ mu bikoresho vyiza vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode;
Uko iyon y’i litiyumu ikurwamwo, ubushobozi bwiza bw’ubuhinga bwa electrode burerekana umugenzo wo hasi.
Igipande- uburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma ni uguhinduka kuva ku phosphate y’ivyuma litiyumu ku cuma c’ivyuma inyuma y’ugukuraho.
Ivyo umuntu yifata ku nzira y'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma
LiFePO ₄ ₔ FePO₄ + Liwo + e⁺ (1.10)
litiyumu yayo - uburyo bwo guhindura/gukuraho ni -Ichase. Ku bw’ivyo, amahinduka mu bijanye n’ugukwiragira kw’iyon ya litiyumu mu bikoresho vyiza vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode ntibigira ico bikoze ku mpinduka ishobora kuba y’ivyo bikoresho vyiza. Ubushobozi bwayo bw'uburinganire ni
E=E℃+ 0.02567 · ln[C(FePO₄)/C(LiFePO₄)] (1.11)
Ivyiyumviro vy’ibintu bikomeye bisukuye ni 1. Bishingiye ku bipimo vyavyo vy’ubushuhe, ubushobozi bw’uburinganire bw’ivyiyumviro ni 3.4 V.
Igipande gisanzwe- gutanga ikigereranyo c'ikintu c'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo 1.3.
Ibiranga Ibikorwa vy'Ibimenyetso vy'Imibare- Ibateri
Ugereranije n’ayandi mabateri, amabateri ya litiyumu - arafise ibiranga ibi bikurikira vyemewe cane n’abatanga amabateri ya litiyumu- ababateri be n’abaguzi b’inganda:
Uburemere bw’inguvu nyinshi.Uburemere bw’inguvu z’amabateri ya litiyumu- agera kuri 100 Whu/kg na 200 Wh/L canke birenze. Amabateri ya litiyumu aherutse gusohoka - yarashitse ku nguvu zihariye z’uburemere bwa 200 W·h/kg. Ukoresheje -nickel silikoni - ishingiye ku bikoresho vya anode na litiyumu - Inguvu z’uburemere bw’ibintu zitegerezwa gushika kuri 400 Whu/kg n’uburemere bw’inguvu z’uburemere 900 Wh/L, birenze cane bateri za kera. Ku bw’ivyo, amabateri ya litiyumu - ni akoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none bishobora gutwara n’ibinyabiziga bikoresha umuyagankuba.
Inguvu nyinshi zifunguye - umuriro.Kubera gukoresha ibikoresho bitagira ibinyabuzima, igicapo kimwe c’umubiri gishika kuri 3.6–3.8 V, ni incuro 2–3 z’i nickel{6}} hydride canke nickel -bateri. Gukoresha neza ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa katode bishobora kwongereza ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umuriro w’ingingo imwe gushika kuri 4.5–5 V, ari imwe mu mpamvu zihambaye z’inguvu nyinshi z’inguvu z’ivyuma bita lithium - ingufu.
Ishobora gukoreshwa n'igiciro kinini - Ikareta n'ugusohoka.Nk'akarorero, vyose- vyasa n'ivya lithium - amabateri akoresheje ama electrolytes y'ivyuma ashobora gushika ku rugero rwo gusohoka hejuru ya 10C n'umutekano mwiza; litiyo - Ibateri zikoresheje phosphate y’icuma kuko cathode ishobora gushika ku 100C isohoka.
Umuntu w'umuntu wese - igipimo.Ku bushuhe bwo mu cumba, ukwezi kwose- igipimo c’amabateri ya lithium - muri rusangi ni munsi ya 10%, munsi ya nickel-Imiti y’amazi (15%) n’igice c’amabateri ya nickel{5}}. Igitigiri c’amabateri y’ivyuma ya litiyumu ari munsi ya 3%.
Ivyiza ku bidukikije,birimwo n’ukutarongora, cadmium, mercury canke ibindi bintu bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ingorane, kandi ntibihumanya ibidukikije.
Nta ngaruka y’ukwibuka.Ingaruka y’ukwibuka yerekeza ku kintu aho ubushobozi bwa bateri bugabanuka iyo busubiwemwo imbere y’uko bukurwaho canke bugakoreshwa imbere y’uko bushirwa mu ngiro neza (ingaruka y’icibutso si ubushobozi bwo kubora). Lithium - Ibateri nta ngaruka z’ukwibuka zigira.
Umutekano mwiza.Amabateri ya Lithium- muri rusangi akoresha ibikoresho vya carbone nk’ivyo bikoresho vy’umuyagankuba, bifise ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa electrode hafi y’ivyo litiyumu y’icuma. Iyonion y’ivyuma ishobora guhinduranya no gukuraho umuyagankuba, igabanura cane ubushobozi bwo gushiramwo ivyuma litiyumu no gutuma bateri itera imbere cane. Mu myaka iheze, urubeya{{3}== ibikoresho vy’inyongera, urubeya- ibikoresho vy’ugutandukanya, PTC (umubare w’ubushuhe bw’ubushuhe), igisasu c’imbeho - ubuhinga bwo gucunga amabateri, n’ubundi buhinga bwatumye haba umutekano mwinshi cane w’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma.
Ubuzima bw’igihe kirekire.Ubuzima bw’ingendo bwa litiyumu- ni bwo muri rusangi burenga 500. Ubuzima bw’amabateri y’ivyuma ya litiyumu muri rusangi ni 2000–3000. Iyo ihuye n’ibikoresho vy’ibikoresho vya anode bifise ubushobozi bwinshi bwo guhinduranya (nk’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu titanate), hariho inzira zirenga 10.000. Ivyo bituma amabateri y’ivyuma ya litiyumu ari yo ahitamwo neza ku bijanye n’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu n’imigambi minini ya - y’urugero rwa ESS.
