Bateri y'amapaletiGuhitamwo ubushobozi: Ukwikorera vs Igihe co gukora
Mu mezi 36 aheze twaronse amabateri y’ubunini bw’amapaleti y’ibikorwa 67 vy’ububiko. Mirongo ine-batatu baje biciye mu ma RFP ataco akora; makumyabiri-ine zari ukwaguka kw’ubwato buvuye ku makonti yariho. Ntidushobora gutanga amazina y’abo ba clients. Ico dushobora gusangira ku mugaragaro ni urugero rwari inyuma y’imigambi 14 aho ubunini bwacu bwari butari bwo, kuko ivyo bihembo vyadutwaye amadolari nka 180.000 mu gusubirira garanti kandi vyatwigishije vyinshi ku bijanye no guhitamwo ubushobozi kuruta 53 vyagenda neza.
Nta gufyina, iyo $180K iracariko iratera. Ariko ubundi buryo bwari bubi kuruta: kureka amakosa nyene aguma abaho no kwigira nk’aho uburyo bwacu bwo gukora spec bwari bwiza. Ntivyari. Iyi nzira iriho kugira ngo uhindure amasomo azimvye mu nzira y’ugupima ushobora gukoresha vy’ukuri. Niwakoresha ububiko bukonje, multi-shift, canke ubwato burenga ibice bitanu, bimwe muri ivyo biharuro bizovuguruza ivyo umuguzi wawe w'ubu yaguvuze.
Ni ibiki "Ubushobozi" Mu vy'ukuri Biragutwara Iyo Bitari Bibi
Umuyobozi w’ugugura ariko arakopa igiharuro ca Ah c’umwaka uheze ku rupapuro rushasha rw’ugusaba ariko arakora mu gacerere amadolari 12.000-kugeza kuri-amadolari 50.000. Bateri zidakomeye cane zipfa hagati mu gihe c’umusi. Abanini cane bicaye aho baturira umutungo. Ivyo vyose turabibona ubudasiba.
Ehe ikintu. Iyo nomero ya 200Ah iri ku quote yawe? Igeragejwe ku masaha 20-igipimo co gusohoka, idahinduka 25 degrees , zero umuzigo uhinduka. Ivyariho muri Lab. Igikoresho cawe co gutwara amapaleti kiduga 4–6% ku nzira y’ikiyaga gifise uburemere bw’amapound 4.000, kigakwega mu bubiko bukonje ku -18℃, kigaca kigenda gihagarara amasaha umunani gushika kuri cumi n’atandatu. Mu bihe vy’ukuri, ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa burashobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 60% vy’uwo mubare imbere y’uko imipaka y’uburebure bw’amazi mbere yinjira mw’ishusho.
Uburemere bw’umuzigo ntibuhindura ivyo imashini ishobora guterura. Ivyo ni ivy’ubuhinga: ikadiri, amaforogo, igipimo c’amazi. Ico uburemere bw’umuzigo buhinduka ni ingene bateri igenda yihuta guhera. Ivyo Crown yasohoye ku bijanye na WP 3200 vyerekana ko ubushobozi bwo gupima buva kuri 25% iyo ivuyeko buja kuri 10% ku bushobozi bwategekanijwe. Umuvuduko w’urugendo ugabanuka 5,4% iyo umuntu afise umuzigo wuzuye. Ku modoka y’i Texlift US{9}}EPT33K, umuvuduko ugabanywa ugera kuri 19%. Ivyo ni ibimenyetso vy’ugukura kw’amashanyarazi, kandi bifatanya mu nzira yose y’amapaleti mu gihe c’ihinduka. Igikorwa kigenda 4.000 lb gitwara umurongo w’ibarabara kiturika biciye mu nguvu 30–40% vyihuta kuruta inzira imwe nyene n’ibarabara ry’ubusa.
Igizunguruko c’amapaleti ku 24V mu rugero rwa 2.000–4.000 lb mu rugendo rw’amafuti 50–150 gifata nk’ama 5Ah. Amapaleti mirongo ine ku musi, ivyo ni 200Ah ivyipfuzo bitagiramwo ibinure. Biroroshe bihagije. Ariko amajambo menshi ahagarara aho nyene maze akayiterako ubunini bwa bateri. Iryo ni ryo kosa. Ubushobozi nyabwo busabwa ni ugusaba gushasha ÷ uburebure bushobora gukoreshwa bw’ugusohoka × gukosora ubushuhe × uburinzi bwo gusenyuka. Sigaho umugwiza uwo ariwo wose ukaba uri munsi y’umwaka wa kabiri. Ivyo twavyize mu buryo buzimvye.
Ibintu bitatu vyananiwe mu gupima ubunini vyahinduye amasezerano yacu
"Ibipande 30" mu vy'ukuri vyari 90. Umu client w’ugutanga ibifungurwa yatubwiye ko bimura amapaleti nka 30 ku shift. Twaravuze 250Ah UbuzimaPO4. Ivyumba bibiri vyari bigenda bigenda neza kw’isaha ya gatanu mu ndwi ya mbere. Igihe twagenzura kuri -site, twasanze "amapaleti 30" yabo yerekeza ku kwakira binjira. Ivyo gutoragura vy’ukuri vyaciye bimenagura paleti yose yinjira mu bice bitatu canke bine vy’isohoka. Ivyiyumviro vy’ukuri ku musi: mu buraruko bwa 90. Twarasubirije amapaki ku giciro cacu n’amapaki ya 440Ah. Icigwa, kandi gizimvye: twahagaritse kwemera ingereranyo z’ivyo umuntu ashobora gukora mu majambo. Umugambi wose ubu usaba ko amakuru ya WMS yoherezwa hanze canke imisi itatu-igenzura ry'ibikorwa vy'urubuga imbere y'uko dusozera ivyerekeye.
Ico gikoresho caguma kibesha ku bijanye n’ingene charge ikora. Uyu n’ubu aracariko aratubabaza. Ibikorwa vy'amata ku -18℃, spec'd n'amapaki ya 400Ah hakoreshejwe ubushuhe busanzwe 2.17× buva ku meza yasohowe. Vyari bikwiye kuba vyinshi. Ivyuma vyapfuye ku isaha ya 5.5. Igihe cose. Ikamyo yose.
Imizi y’ivyo vyari bitatu, kandi mu kuvuga ukuri twari dukwiye gufata n’imiburiburi bibiri muri vyo. Ica mbere, izo kamyo zariko zigendagenda hagati y’aho zikonja n’aho zihagarara buri saha kugira ngo zironke amapaleti mashasha. Ihinduka ryose ryatuma isahani y’ubushuhe ya BMS iturira 8–12Ah gusa gucungera condensation, inguvu tutarigeze tuziharura. Ubwa kabiri, BMS yariko iragabanya umuriro w’amazi uri munsi ya -12℃, bigatuma moteri ikora igihe kirekire kubera igikorwa kimwe. Ica gatatu - kandi iki ni co catumye vy’ukuri - munsi ya 40℃F, bateri yuguruye-umuriro w’umurongo usoma hejuru cane. Gauge yerekanye ko 40% bisigaye. Igiciro nyaco co gukoresha cari hafi y’ibice 15%. Ico gikoresho co gucapura cariko kirahera kare kubera iyo mvo nyene, kigatuma amakamyo yari yashaje igice asubira hasi.
Twarashize hejuru ubuhinga bwose bwo gukoresha 630Ah n’amasahani yo gushaja ashushe. Bidutwara amadolari 40.000 mu gushitsa garanti. Yasubiyemwo uburyo bwo gupima ububiko bwacu bukonje -kuva mu ntango muri ukwo kwezi nyene.
Igikorwa kijanye n'igihe kimwe-cacitse igihe kibiri mu kwezi kw'umunani. Umukiriya spec'd ku musi - umwe ashingiye ku mugambi wabo wo gutanguza. Twarapima nk’uko bibereye ku 210Ah. Haciye amezi umunani baragwije bashika ku bihe bibiri batavuguruye amabateri. Mu mwaka wa gatatu, gutwara amagare vyihuta vyari vyarasenyuye amapaki ku buryo vyari bikeneye gusubirwamwo. Amadolari 3.500 yazigamye mu guhitamwo 210Ah ku 315Ah igihe yagura yahindutse amadolari 8.000 yo gusubirira mbere y’igihe. Ubu turabaza umuguzi wese -shift nimba kwagura shift nyinshi-bishoboka mu myaka itanu. Iyo inyishu ari egome canke kumbure, turasubiramwo ubushobozi buhambaye kuruta maze tugasigura igituma mu ciyumviro.
Inyuma y’ivyo n’ibindi cumi n’umwe vy’ugukosora ubunini (egome, cumi n’ine vyose hamwe) umurongo wacu warahindutse. Nta bindi bigereranyo vy’amajambo. Amakuru y’ibikorwa canke igenzura ry’urubuga, igihe. Turakoresha igiharuro c’ubushuhe c’ibice 3,2× ku bidukikije vy’ibikonje aho gukoresha igiharuro casohowe c’ibice 2,17× ivyo izindi nganda zica zikoresha. Kandi igiciro cose ubu gifise ikimenyetso c’igihe co gukora: iyo bateri idapfutse igihe twayitegekanije, igiciro co kuvugurura kiri kuri twebwe. Twabwirizwa kuronka ico cizigiro mu buryo bugoye.
Guhitamwo hagati y'ubushobozi bwa litiyumu
Iyo umaze kwiyemeza gukora LiFePO4, hari ingingo ya kabiri benshi mu baguzi basimbuka: ni uruhe rwego rw’ubushobozi? Kuko 210Ah na 440Ah pack y’umuderi umwe wa pallet jack si ubunini butandukanye gusa. Ni ingamba zitandukanye z’ibikorwa zifise uburyo butandukanye bwo kunanirwa. Reka dushire imibare iruhande n’iyindi.
| 24V / 210Ah | 24V / 315Ah | 24V / 440Ah | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inguvu zikoreshwa kuri 90% DoD | 4.536 | 6.804 | 9.504 |
| Igihe kimwe-igikorwa co gupfuka (Musi canke kingana n'amapaleti 35/umunsi, ahantu hafi) | Ipfukishwa n’urubibi rutoyi. Nta kwihanganira amasaha y'inyongera | Bigyoshe. ~25% y'umutwe mu gihe co gutanga | Inini cane. Umurwa mukuru wicaye ataco ukora |
| Ubushobozi bwo guhindura vyinshi - | Ntibishoboka ata 30-min y'igikorwa co hagati | Ifata amasaha 12 n'akaryo kamwe ko kwishura mu karuhuko | Ibiri -shift yuzuye, nta guhagarika |
| Umwaka-4 ubushobozi inyuma yo kuzimangana (~10% gutakaza) | ~189Ah ikoreshwa. Ku ruhande rw'ibikorwa 35 vy'amapaleti | ~265Ah ikoreshwa. Iracariko irapfuka 40+ amapaleti | ~370Ah ikoreshwa. N'ubu nyene -bishobora guhindura |
| Ububiko bukonje (munsi ya degre -15 ) | Ntuvuge ivyerekeye frigo | Igiciro gitoyi ku bukonje buke (degre 5 gushika kuri -10 degre ) | Igitoyi kuri frigo yihariye iri munsi ya -15 degree |
Amashirahamwe y’abaguzi akwegeranya 210Ah ku giciro. Biratahurwa. Ariko ingorane yerekana nko mu mwaka wa gatatu igihe ubushobozi bugenda burazimangana bugatuma inguvu zikoreshwa zishika munsi y’ibisabwa mu gihe c’akazi. Twarabonye iki kintu nyaco kigenda ku mugaragaro ku rubuga rwa ForkliftAction: Umukoresha wa Yale, BDI itera gufunga ku 79% vyerekanwa. Igitigiri c’uburinzi n’ubushobozi nyabwo bwari bwasenyutse vyari vyaraheza bikajabuka inzira. Bateri isa n’iyifise umutobe. Pack ntiyashobora kuyishikana ata nkomanzi (forkliftaction.com). Kuzigama amadolari 2.000 imbere y’igihe kugira ngo uyasubirize mu mwaka wa gatatu aho kuyasubiriza mu mwaka w’umunani? Ivyo si ukuzigama. Ivyo ni ugusubiramwo amahera hamwe n’igihe co guhagarara.
Ku bushuhe bwo mu nzu, ibikorwa vy'ihinduka rimwe, 315Ah ni ahantu heza kuri benshi. Hagije fade margin ku buzima bwose bw'igikorwa, gufata amasaha y'inyongera canke igitangaza c'umusaruro ata n'umwe agira ubwoba. Kandi nimba hari mbere n’amahirwe yo kuja mu bihe bibiri? Iyi tier irashigikira ivyo n’amahirwe yo kwishura mu gihe c’uguhindura. Ntuzobwirizwa gutabura no gusubirira.
Ivyumba vya 440Ah na 660Ah bikoresha ububiko bukonje, ibihe bitatu-bikomeza, n’ibikorwa aho ibikorwa remezo vyo gushaja bigoranye. Kuri ubwo bushobozi, igiciro ca bateri gica kiba ica kabiri ku bikorwa remezo utakora: nta bikoresho vyo guhinduranya, nta gikoresho co hejuru, nta cumba co gushaja, nta n’umwuka w’ihydrogène utegekanijwe na OSHA-. Ibikorwa vyo gukora ibikoresho vy’amasaha 24 -bikoreshwa n’uburebure bw’amafuti kare miliyoni 13, vyakuyeho amabateri atatu -ku -aside y’ikamyo yose inyuma yo gukoresha ubushobozi bwinshi bwa litiyumu (uniport.com).
Icogereranyo c'Igiciro c'Imyaka Indwi-CFO yawe akeneye kubona
Ego, litiyumu iragura cane imbere y’igihe: amadolari 3.500–10.000 ugereranyije n’amadolari 2.000–3.800 ku bijanye n’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro ku 24V. Ivyo ni ukuri. Ni nk’ibice 30 kw’ijana vy’ivyo uzokoresha mu vy’ukuri mu myaka indwi. Ibindi 70% ni ibikorwa remezo, abakozi, inzinguzingu zo gusubirira, n’ibiciro vyo kwubahiriza amategeko bitigera vyerekana ku giciro c’amabateri. Ugororotse ku mibare:
10-Ubwato bw'Igice, Ibikorwa vy'Imisi ibiri, Igiciro cose c'imyaka 7
| Amabuye y'agaciro-Aside | UbuzimaPO4 | Ntivyemewe | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bateri (intango + 2 gusubirizwa inzinguzingu vs. zero) | $120,000 | $70,000 | +$50,000 |
| Ibikoresho vy'inyuma vyo guhinduranya | $30,000 | $0 | +$30,000 |
| Kuvomera + gukora kuringaniza | $22,750 | $0 | +$22,750 |
| Icumba co gushaja (250 sq ft × imyaka 7) | $21,000 | $0 | +$21,000 |
| Ugusohoka kw'impwemu kwa OSHA (29 CFR 1910.178(g)) | $19,000 | $0 | +$19,000 |
| Itandukaniro ry'ubushobozi bw'umuyagankuba | $11,200 | umurongo w'ishimikiro | +$11,200 |
| Imyaka indwi- yose hamwe | $223,950 | $70,000 | Amadolari 153.950 yazigamye |
Amadolari 15.395 yazigamye ku kamyo mu myaka indwi. Iruhuko-mbere nk'ukwezi kwa 22 ku bikorwa bibiri-.
Ivyiyumviro vyihuta ku bintu vy’umurongo bitangaza abantu. Ivyo bikoresho vy’impwemu vy’amadolari 19.000? OSHA isaba ko haba umwuka w’ivyuma ku gazi y’iyidrojeni mu gihe c’ugushaja kw’ivyuma vy’iyidorojeni. Si ubusabe. Ibikorwa vyo kuvomera ($325/bateri/umwaka) ni iminota 15 ku ndwi kuri bateri ku giciro c’amadolari 25/isaha yuzuye. Ijwi ritoyi gushika ugwize n’amabateri 20 n’imyaka 7. Ivyo nivyo bituma lead-acid isa n’iyihenda kuri PO kandi izimvye kuri P&L.
Ihinduka rimwe-mu bidukikije? Ivyo kwishura igihe kirekire, imyaka itatu canke itanu. Ntituzokwigira nk’aho ataco tuvuga. Ivyo uzigama mu bikorwa remezo biraba bito iyo ukeneye bateri imwe gusa ku kamyo kandi ata cumba co gushaja. Niba uriko urakora light-duty imyaka itatu kandi ugurisha ibikoresho, lead-acid yoshobora vy'ukuri kuba ari yo nzira nziza. Ivyo tuzobibabwira mu gihe c’isubiramwo ry’ubuhinga nimba bibereye. Twohitamwo gutakaza ugurisha aho kwubaka izina ry’ugucuruza birenze urugero.
Aho ububiko bw'umuguzi wawe ubu bushobora kuba butari bwo
Reka tube direct ku kintu. Buri muhinguzi wa litiyumu, natwe turimwo, atangaza urutonde rw'ibikorwa kuva kuri -degre 20 gushika kuri 60℃. Uwo mubare uri hafi y’aho ata co umaze ku bijanye n’ugutegura vy’ukuri ububiko bw’ibintu bikonja.
Igerageza ryigenga rishira ubushobozi bwa LiFePO4 ku 70–80% ku -20℃. Hari abahinguzi bavuga ko 95% ku bushuhe bumwe. Turagerageza amapaki yacu bwite. Ntidutera 95%. Nta n'umwe akora munsi y'amasaha menshi-asohoka muri ubwo bushuhe. Iyo uwugurisha akubwiye ukundi, numusabe yerekane umurongo w’ikigeragezo. Igicapo c'amazi yuzuye, si igiharuro-catoraguwe. Amakuru yasohowe na Rolls Battery yerekana ko aside y’amabuye y’agaciro-iri ku 46% y’ubushobozi bugereranywa ku 0℃F, igabanuka igera kuri 44% ku -10℃F. Kuri iyo ntambwe nta gihano c’ibihe vy’ubukonje ufise; ufise igice c’ibati.
Gukuraho urupapuro rwa Spec- ni urupapuro rumwe gusa. Ibikorwa vy'ububiko vy'ukuri-bitera ibihano vy'inyongera ibipimo vy'ubushuhe butahinduka bitigera bifata. Ivyuka vy’amazi hagati y’ibice vy’ubukonje n’ivy’ibidukikije biturira igice c’inguvu kidahinduka ku mpinduka. BMS ubu igabanywa munsi ya -12℃inguvu igihe kirekire c’ugukora kwa moteri ku gikorwa kimwe. Kandi ikibazo c’igipimo c’umuriro twavuze mbere bisigura ko abakoresha n’abashaja bose bariko barakora amakuru mabi.
Ni co gituma twagiye ku 3.2× multiplier ku bijanye n’ugupima ubunini bw’ibifungurwa aho gukoresha 2.17× vyasohowe, twongerako igihano gihoraho ca 50–80Ah ku bikorwa vy’uguca hagati y’ibice incuro zirenga zitandatu ku musi. Itegeko ry’igorofa rikomeye: nta kintu kiri munsi ya 400Ah ku gikorwa ico ari co cose ku -15℃canke n’ibindi, naho imibare y’uguharura amapaleti yovuga ko 350 yokora. Turazi neza cane ubu.
Ntituriko turatangaza ubukonje bwose-ububiko bw'ubunini canke uburyo bw'igihano c'ugukonja hano. Ubwo buryo buva ku kunanirwa kw’itongo no ku bigeragezo bidutwara amahera nyayo n’amasaha y’ubuhinga. Ni igice nyamukuru c’ico gitandukanya isuzuma ryacu ry’ubuhinga n’umuhiganwa aguha urupapuro rw’ibisobanuro. Niba uriko uriruka munsi ya -10℃, shikira. Ico kiganiro gikeneye amakuru yawe nyayo y’ibikorwa ku meza.
Ivyo wosuzuma imbere y'uko utoranya abaguha vyose
Gutanga amanota y’utugingo ngengabuzima ni vyo bigaragaza nimba igitigiri ca Ah kiri ku mpapuro zawe ari co canke ari co wipfuza. Utugingo ngengabuzima two mu rwego rwa A turahuye hagati ya ±1–2% ku bushobozi, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imbere, n’ukwisohora. Utugingo ngengabuzima two mu rwego rwa B turahindagurika 5–10%, kandi utugingo ngengabuzima dufise intege nke kuruta ibindi vyose mu gipaki ni co kiba igisenge c’ubushobozi bw’urutonde rwose. Ico kinogo c’igiciro ni kinini cane. Isoko ry’inganda ryanditse ko utugingo ngengabuzima two mu rwego rwa B tugurishwa ku giciro kiri munsi ya ica gatatu c’igiciro co mu rwego rwa A ku giciro c’icamunara (ldsreliance.com). Iyo igiciro kije munsi cane y’ivyo umuntu ashobora gutanga, gutanga amanota ni co kibanza ca mbere co kuraba.
UL 2580 ni icemezo c’umutekano w’amabateri ya litiyumu mu gukoresha ibikoresho. Ehe ivyo abaguzi bamwebamwe batazokubwira: "UL Recognized" na "UL Listed" ni amazina atandukanye afise ivyicaro bitandukanye vyo kugerageza, kandi twabonye abahiganwa batanga ukwemererwa kw'urugero rw'ibice-nk'aho ari urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa rwuzuye. Mu bihe bibiri vy’amarushanwa tuzi, ivyo vyatumye OSHA isuzuma ku muntu akoresha, atari ku wutanga. Uwo muguzi yariye ingaruka. Uronke inomero ya dosiye ya UL yihariye. Uvyisuzume wewe nyene ku rutonde rwa UL. Iyo uwo mucuruzi asubije inyuma kuri ivyo bisabwa, urafise inyishu yawe.
Ubwiza bwa BMS butandukanya amapaki y'ivy'inganda n'ayo azoguha ingorane. Ivyo bivugwa biri mu vyihariye. Ugushiramwo uburinganire bw’ingingo ngenderwako (92% y’ubushobozi bwo gusubira gusangira) n’ubudakora (60%, ni ukuvuga guturira inguvu nk’ubushuhe). Ivyuma bitatu canke bitanu vy’ubushuhe bwa NTC n’ikimwe kibura ahantu hose hashushe. CAN 2.0B guhanahana amakuru ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa telematike bw’ubwato n’agasanduku k’umwirabura kakingijwe udashobora gukurikirana. Ubushakashatsi bwa Toshiba ku ma bateri bwagaragaje ko ubushobozi bwagabanutse 22% inyuma y’ingendo 1.500 hakoreshejwe uburinganire bukora gusa. Ivyo si ibintu vy’ugucuruza. Ni ivy'ubwubatsi-ibimenyetso vy'uburyo.
Ibikorwa remezo vy’ibikorwa birahambaye cane mu kwezi kwa 14 iyo hari ikintu kivunitse vy’ukuri. Twarabonye uburyo bufise ibimenyetso bishasha: ibiciro vy'ugutangura bikomeye, infashanyo ntoyi inyuma y'ugurisha-, n'abaguzi basigaye bafise umufuko ku vyerekeye garanti. Turakurikirana buri pack irungitswe biciye ku BMS telemetry (imigenderanire y’ubudasa bw’ingingo, imirongo y’ugusenyuka kwa SOH, ibintu vy’ubushuhe) kugira ngo dushobore gutanga ibendera ry’ingorane imbere y’uko zitera hasi yawe. Si umuhinguzi wese yubatse ivyo bikorwa remezo vyo kugenzura, kandi turanezerewe kubajana mu vyacu mu gihe c’itohoza ryiza.
Ivyo Dukeneye Kuri Wewe Kugira Ubipime Neza
Twoshobora gusozera n'ijambo rusangi "twandikire kugira ngo umenye vyinshi." Ivyo nta n’umwe bifasha. Ehe ingene bigenda vy’ukuri.
Twoherereze imiterere y’imirongo yawe, igiharuro c’amapaleti ku musi kivuye muri WMS canke mu bitabo vy’abagenzuzi, ubushuhe bwo gukoresha, urugero rw’ibarabara ry’indege nimba ufise, n’umuderi w’amapaleti. Nta makuru y’ibara ry’amapaleti ufise? Vuga gutyo. Turashobora gukora igenzura ry'urubuga ry'imisi itatu- canke tukakwereka ingene wogereranya ibisabwa bivuye mu nyandiko za WMS. Nta n’umwe akwiye kuba ariko arateba kuri iyi ntambwe.
Mu masaha 48, ikipe yacu y'abahinga irarungika impanuro y'ubushobozi n'imibare y'ubunini, imyaka indwi-igereranijwe na TCO n'imiterere yawe y'ubu, n'igiciro. Iryo jambo ririmwo n’ingwati yacu y’igihe co gukora: iyo bateri idapfutse igikorwa twiyemeje, igiciro co kuvugurura ni icacu. Ni mu masezerano.
Raporo z'igerageza ry'urugero rwa Cell-, imiterere ya BMS ku bigereranyo vy'ibikoresho vy'ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none, amakuru y'ivy'ubushuhe, isesengura ry'ugusenyuka kw'ibikoresho - ivyo bikoresho biraboneka mu gihe c'isuzuma ry'ubuhinga ariko ntibiri mu ngingo ya bose. Niba uyikeneye kugira ngo urangize isuzuma ryawe, turayiguha.
Twibaze -. Muzane ibiharuro vy’amapaleti vy’ukuri. Ivyiyumviro nivyo vyatumye twese tuja muri iki kivunge.
