BMS Bisobanura Iki?
Uburyo bwo gucunga bateriVyasiguwe
Twarahejeje kugura umugwi w’ibikoresho vya DALY BMS mu 2021. Igiciro cari ciza cane, amakuru yavyo yarasuzumwe ku mpapuro, kandi umukozi w’ugucuruza yarasezeranye ko CAN bus izohuza n’ibikoresho vyacu vy’ubuhinga bwa Victron. Haciye indwi zitatu zishizwe ku bwato bw’umudereva bwa AGV, twabonye ko izo ndege zifise gusa utugingo ngengabuzima dufise uburinganire mu gihe co gucagura, atari mu gihe co kuruhuka. Iryo porogarama ryaguma rigwa. Bluetooth yari ikeneye gusubira gukorana inyuma y'imisi mikeyi. Twarahejeje gusubirira ama unités yose 24 n’ama boards ya JBD ku giciro c’incuro zibiri.
Ivyo vyatwigishije ikintu ama spec sheets atigera avuga: Uburyo bwa BMS buragaragara mu bintu vy’ido n’ido bifata amezi kugira ngo umuntu abimenye.
None BMS Ni Iki, Mu Vy’ukuri?
Inyishu y'igitabu
a Battery Management System igenzura umuriro w’ingingo, igacungera ingene umuriro ugenda, ikurikirana ubushuhe, kandi ikingira ingingo za litiyumu ibintu bishobora gutuma umuriro ugira canke bipfa imbere y’igihe.
Inyishu ngirakamaro
ni igice kigena nimba bateri yawe y’amadolari 15.000 izomara imyaka 4 canke 12. Nimba ubwato bwawe bushikirwa n’ikintu kimwe c’ubushuhe canke zero. Nimba ivyifuzo vyawe vy’igarantiya biguma munsi ya 1% canke bikaduga birenze 3%.
Muri Polinovel, twakurikiranye amakuru y’igarantiya mu bacuruzi umunani ba BMS kuva mu 2018. Ivyo biharuro bivuga inkuru igaragara.
Ibiciro vy'ibisabwa vy'ingwati ku rwego rw'abaguzi (2018-2022, ibice 3.247)
| Urugero rw'abaguzi | Igitigiri c'ukunanirwa kw'ukwezi 24 | Uburyo bwo kunanirwa bwa mbere | Ivyiyumviro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oriyoni, REC | 0.4-0.7% | Ivyiyumviro bihungabana | Bihuye mu bice vyose |
| JK (JIKONG), JBD | 0.8-1.2% | Ibikoko vya porogaramu nshasha (bishobora gukosorwa) | Infashanyo ikomeye ya porogaramu |
| Ikimenyetso co mu gihugu A | 2.1% | Uburinganire bw'umurongo | Vyanozwe mu bice vya 2023 |
| Ikimenyetso co mu gihugu B | 3.1% | MOSFET inanirwa | Ibibazo vyo kugenzura uburyo |
| DALY | 3.8% | Ibibazo vyinshi | Raba ibisobanuro biri aha hepfo |
Ivyabaye kuri DALY birakwiriye gusigurwa. Igishushanyo cabo c’uruzitiro rwuzuye ikidodo mu vy’ukuri kirakora neza ku bijanye no gukingira amazi. Ariko app yabo ifise inyenyeri 1.7 kubera imvo nziza. Twararonse ama unités afise amakosa yo gutunganya uruganda. Igitigiri cabo ca "100A discharge" akenshi bisigura ubushobozi bwo gucagura 50A, ivyo nta n'umwe akubwira imbere y'igihe. Ivyo umukiriya umwe yabibonye inyuma y’aho ibikorwa remezo vyabo vyo gushaja bitashoboye gutanga ibikorwa vyitezwe.
Kugira ngo tuvuge ukuri, ama units ya DALY akora neza ku migambi y’ingengo y’imari aho utazokenera infashanyo y’ubuhinga. Ntukitege gusa imfashanyo iyo hari ikintu kigenda nabi.
Ubutunzi buhambaye mu vy'ukuri
Abantu bose basubiramwo igiharuro c'"143% c'iterambere ry'ubutunzi" kivuye ku rubuga rwa electravehicles.com. Twarabonye imibare isa n’iyo mu bikorwa vyacu bwite, ariko uguharura ntigugororotse.
Ehe ingene tubisigurira amakomite y’amasoko:
Igereranyo ry'igiciro: 50-Unit AGV Fleet mu myaka 8
| Igiciro c'Iciciro | Ihitamwo rya BMS y'ingengo y'imari | Uburyo BMS ihitamwo |
|---|---|---|
| Igiciro ca mbere ca BMS (ku kintu) | $180 | $650 |
| Ishoramari ry'ubwato bwa BMS | $9,000 | $32,500 |
| Igiciro ca bateri (48V 100Ah LFP) | $45,000 × 50 = $2.25M | Ni co kimwe |
| Ivyitezwe gusubirizwa | Umwaka wa 4-5 (ubwato bushitse) | Umwaka 10+ (igice) |
| Igiciro co gusubirira ku mwaka wa 5 | ~$2.0M (ugusenyuka kw'igiciro) | $0 |
| Ivyabaye mu gihe c'uguhagarara bitategekanijwe | 12-18 ku mwaka | 2-4 ku mwaka |
| Igiciro c'igihe co guhagarara ($800/ivyabaye) | $76,800-$115,200 | $12,800-$25,600 |
Itandukaniro ry’amadolari 23.500 mu gushora imari rya BMS risa n’irikomeye gushika ufashe mu muzirikanyi urugendo rumwe rwo gusubirira bateri. Twaramaze amayinga menshi dufise abakiriya baharira kuri ivyo, hanyuma bakaduhamagara haciye imyaka ibiri basaba ko twosubiramwo ama units meza ya BMS. Iciyo gihe, utugingo ngengabuzima tumwetumwe twari tumaze gutandukana ku buryo tutashobora gukira.
Umugambi umwe canecane warahinduye ingene twegera ivyo biyago. Umuntu umwe akora ububiko bwo muri Ohio yarashimitse ku bijanye n’ingene twokoresha ingengo y’imari naho twari twamusavye. Haciye amezi cumi n’umunani, barashikiwe n’ikintu c’ubushuhe mu gipapuro kimwe. Nta n’umwe yakomeretse, ariko itohoza ry’ubwishingizi n’igihe c’uguhagarara kw’ibikorwa vyabatwaye amahera menshi kuruta amahera yose yashizwemwo mu ntango. Ntidushobora gusangira izina ry’ishirahamwe, ariko raporo y’ivyo vyabaye ni inyandiko ya bose biciye ku biro vy’umukuru w’abazimya umuriro wo mu karere.
Ivyerekeye ubuhinga: Ivyo mu vy'ukuri worondera
Impapuro nyinshi za BMS zivuga ukuri kw'umuriro nk'uko "±0.5%" canke "±10mV." Ivyo vyose bivuga neza. Nta na kimwe muri vyo kikubwira ikintu gihambaye.
Ikibazo gihambaye ku bikorwa vya LiFePO4: mbega iyo sisitemu iraguma ifise ukuri mu karere kose k’imisozi 3.2-3.35V? Aho niho utugingo ngengabuzima twa LFP tumara 80% vy’igihe caco co gukora, kandi ubucuti buri hagati y’umuriro-na SOC buri hafi y’uguhagarara. Ikosa ryo gupima 5mV muri iki kigero rishobora gutuma haba ikosa ryo gupima SOC 8%. Ukwo ni kwo gutandukanya kwiyumvira ko ufise ubushobozi bwa 30% busigaye no mu vy’ukuri ufise 22%.
Turadondora 0.3% y’ukuri ku bikorwa vyacu vya AGV, ivyo bikaba bitwara nk’ibice 15% kuruta uburyo busanzwe bwa 0.5%. Ivyo biheze birabereye ku bikorwa bikeneye guhanura urugendo rwo kwizigirwa.
Ibisobanuro mu vy'ukuri tugenzura (Ntitwemera gusa bivuye ku mpapuro z'amakuru)
| Parametere | Urupapuro rw'amakuru | Ivyo tugerageza | Igituma bihambaye |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ugushikama kw'umuriro | ±0.5% ku degre 25 | ±? ku -10 degre na degre 45 | Igihe c'ububiko kiratandukanye |
| Guringaniza ubu | "Ugushiramwo uburinganire" | Ingero nyayo ya mA | Benshi bavuga ko "bikora" bifise 40mA bikora |
| Igitigiri c'ubu | 100A ikomeza | Gukoresha isonga, gukuraho umugongo | 130A isonga ryica 100A-ibice vyagereranywa |
| Guhanahana amakuru | "Bishobora guhuye" | Igenzura ry'amasezerano n'umuhinduzi w'intumbero | "Ihuye" bisigura ibintu bitandukanye |
Ikibazo c’uburinganire kiriho ubu gikwiriye gushimikwako. Iyo urupapuro rw'ibisobanuro rutavuga agaciro ka milliamp yihariye ko gupima umuriro, "igikorwa co gupima" gishobora kutabaho mu buryo bufise insiguro. Ivyo bikoresho bikora 30-100mA. Uburyo bukora mu vy’ukuri burungika inguvu hagati y’ingingo bukora ku 600mA canke hejuru. Twarabonye ama unités agurishwa nk'"active balancing" yapima 45mA mu kugerageza.
Iciyumviro ku vyerekeye ubwubatsi bwa BMS buzimvye
Ivyo biva ku kiganiro c’ihuriro ry’abahinga cadukijije ingingo mbi. Ivyiyumviro bimwe bimwe vy'igiciro gito- vya BMS bikoresha ibice vy'uburinzi bw'ingingo imwe - (nka DW01) bifatanye n'intsinga zihuye kugira ngo bikore imiterere y'ingingo nyinshi-. Ivyo bikoresho vyakozwe ku bikorwa vya 1S gusa. Iyo abahinguzi babiboshe hamwe kugira ngo bibe amapaki 4S, 10S canke 20S, igice kimwekimwe cose gikora kidafise uburinzi buhuye.
Uburyo bwo kunanirwa burateye akaga: iyo igice kimwe gipfuye bivuye ku gusohoka kw’amazi canke ubukonje, uwo mugwi w’ingingo uratakaza uburinzi bwose mu gihe igice gisigaye c’ivyo bikoresho gikomeza gukora. Ipaki ntiyigera ifunga. Ntibikugabisha. Igenda gusa ataco irinze gushika ikintu kinaniwe biteye akaga.
Imigero ya BMS y'uburyo ikoresha ICs zigenzura utugingo ngengabuzima twinshi zivuye mu bikoresho vya Texas, ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa Analog, canke abaguzi basa n'abo. Izo chips zigenzura utugingo ngengabuzima twose biciye ku nzira zihuriweko zifise uburyo bwo kunanirwa bushobora guhagarara ata nkomanzi. Itandukaniro ry’igiciro ni kumbure $15-30 ku kimwe cose ku rugero. Itandukaniro ry’umutekano ntirigereranywa.
Twarahagaritse kwiyumvira umucuruzi wese adashobora gusigura ubuhinga bwabo bwo kwubaka IC. Nimba injeniyeri w'ugucuruza atazi nimba bariko bakoresha ibice bimwe -cell chips mu parallel canke ICs nyinshi-cell zibereye, ivyo bikubwira ikintu ku bijanye n'uburebure bw'ubuhinga bwabo.
Ivyemezo: Ivyo Bisobanura n’Ivyo Bidasobanura
Abakiriya bacu bo muri Amerika y'Uburaruko kenshi basaba BMS "UL certified". Amajambo ni yo ahambaye aha.
Icemezo ca UN38.3 kivuga ku mutekano wo gutwara abantu n’ibintu. Inyungu, uburebure, ubushuhe, ingaruka. Ntibivuga ku mutekano wo gukoresha mu gihe c’ikoreshwa nyaryo. Bateri yose ya litiyumu yoherezwa kw'isi yose ikeneye UN38.3. Kugira bisigura ko igicuruzwa cawe gishobora kujabuka imipaka mu buryo butegekanijwe n’amategeko. Kugira iyo BMS ntibisigura ko BMS izokingira ama cells yawe mu gihe c’ikosa ryo gucagura.
IEC 62619 ivuga ku gukoresha-umutekano w'inzira ku bikorwa vy'inganda. Iyi ni yo ngingo ngenderwako ivuga ku bijanye no kwirinda guhunga kw’ubushuhe be n’ibisabwa vyo gushiramwo BMS. Niba uriko urakoresha amabateri ya litiyumu mu bikoresho vy’ugutwara ibintu, AGV, canke ububiko buhagaze, iki ni co cemezo gihambaye mu vy’ukuri ku bijanye n’umutekano wo gukoresha.
UL 1973 ikoreshwa canecane ku kubika inguvu zidahinduka muri Amerika y’Uburaruko. Harimwo ibisabwa vyo kugerageza ukwiragira kw’ubushuhe no kwihanganira amakosa IEC 62619 itavuga neza.
Incamake y'Icemezo
| Ibisanzwe | Ipfuka ivy'ugutwara abantu n'ibintu | Ibikorwa vy'Ibipfukisho | Ipfuka ubushuhe buhunga | Ibisabwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ONU38.3 | Egome | Oya | Oya | Ugutwara ibintu mpuzamakungu |
| IEC 62619 | Oya | Egome | Egome | Gushiraho inganda |
| UL 1973 | Oya | Egome | Egome | Ububiko bwo muri Amerika y'Uburaruko |
| UL 9540 | Oya | Sisitemu-urugero | Egome | Gushiramwo ESS |
Twarabonye abaguzi bavuga ko "igice cemewe na UL" (ikarata y'umuhondo) nk'uko bingana n'urutonde rw'ibintu vyose vya UL. Sivyo. Umugambi wo muri Amerika y’Uburaruko twasavye waracitse intege kubera ko umugwi w’abahinga b’uwo mukiriya wemeye ivyangombwa vy’ikarata y’umuhondo, maze ubuyobozi bufise ububasha buravyanka mu gihe c’isuzuma rya nyuma. Uwo mugambi waracerejwe amezi atatu mu gihe bariko bararondera ibikoresho vyubahiriza amategeko.
Itegeko rya IEEE 2686-2024 ni ryo ribereye kuvugwa hano. Si icemezo c’ingorane, ariko giserukira umugenzo wa mbere ushimikijwe cane cane ku bijanye n’ububiko bw’inguvu zidahinduka BMS. Abaguzi bavuga ko IEEE 2686 yubahiriza nibura bariko bitaho ingendo nziza ziriho ubu. (exponent.com iragumya incamake nziza z’ubuhinga z’izo ngingo mfatirwako nimba ushaka gusoma bimwe bikomeye.)
Uko dusuzuma abaduha ubu
Inyuma y’ivyigwa bihagije, twateguye uburyo bwo gusuzuma buhoraho. Si umugambi wose ukeneye gusuzumwa kwose, ariko gusimbuka intambwe vyatwaye incuro zihagije ku buryo tudashobora gukora neza.
Gusuzuma umutekano n’ukuntu vyubahiriza amategeko ni vyo biza imbere. Turasaba inomero nyazo za raporo y’ikigeragezo, atari gusa ivyemezo vy’ugutanga icemezo. Raporo y’igerageza IEC 62619 ibereye ifise inomero y’inyandiko, laboratwari y’igerageza, n’ibintu vyihariye vy’igerageza. Iyo uwugurisha ashobora gutanga gusa ishusho y’icete, turacukura ibwina.
Guhuza mu buryo bw’ubuhinga ni vyo bikurikira. Mbega urutonde rw’umuriro wa BMS mu vy’ukuri rupfuka imiterere y’ipaki yawe n’urubibi? BMS ya 16S ku rugero rwayo rwo hejuru ntabwo ari kimwe na BMS ya 20S ikora kuri 16S. Mbega vy'ukuri iyo protocole y'itumanaho ikorana n'ichargeur yawe n'inverter yawe, canke "CAN compatible" bisigura "dukoresha CAN ariko dufise ubutumwa bw'umunyagihugu"?
Turagenzura uburinganire bw’ubu twigenga iyo bishoboka. Abaguzi barazi ko dusuzuma, ivyo bikaba bituma amakete y’ibiharuro aguma ari ukuri.
Ugukomeza gutanga ibikoresho birahambaye kuruta uko amashirahamwe menshi y’ugutanga amasoko abibona. Umuguzi wa BMS ahagarika umugambi wawe wo hagati -atera umutwe wo gusubirira imyaka myinshi. Turabaza ivyerekeye amakarata y’inzira y’ibicuruzwa, igitigiri gitoyi c’ibintu umuntu ashobora gusaba kugira ngo agure muri kazoza, be n’uko igishushanyo gikoresha ibihimba vy’ibicuruzwa canke ASIC zisanzwe zishobora kutaboneka.
Ku bisubizo vyacu vy'amabateri y'inganda kuri Polinovel, ugushiramwo BMS bishika mu gihe c'uguhingura amabateri-ku-pack. Ntituriko turasubiramwo BMS y'uwundi muntu ku mapaki yarangije. Ivyo bituma dushobora gushiramwo neza ivyuma bifata amajwi, inzira y’amawaya, n’ugucungera ubushuhe nk’uburyo aho guhangana n’ingorane zo gushiramwo ibintu inyuma y’isoko. Ishirahamwe ryacu ry’abahinga ripima ubunini bw’ibisobanuro vya BMS bishingiye ku bisabwa vy’ukuri: ingendo z’ibikorwa, imirongo y’ubu, ubushuhe bwo mu karere, ivyipfuzo vy’amasezerano y’itumanaho.
Niba uriko urasuzuma amahitamwo y’amabateri ya litiyumu ku bikoresho vyo gukoresha ibikoresho canke imodoka z’inganda, ikiyago ca BMS gikwiye kuba hakiri kare mu nzira y’ugusobanura, atari nk’iciyumviro c’inyuma. Ibibazo bihambaye ni ivy'ugukoresha-vyihariye, kandi ukugereranya kw'ibisobanuro rusangi kurabura vyinshi mu bigira ingaruka ku kwizigirwa kw'igihe kirekire-.
Ushobora gushikira biciye ku rubuga rwacu rwo guhamagara n’amakuru y’ivyo usaba. Tuzokubwira ata buryarya nimba inyishu zacu zihuye n’ivyo usaba canke nimba ukwiye kurondera ahandi.
