Lithium - Ibateri: Amabateri y'ibikoresho vy'amashanyarazi

Ihinduka riva ku nzira y’amabuye- ubuhinga bwa litiyumu - uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu bikorwa vy’amashanyarazi bigereranya kimwe mu bihinduka bihambaye cane mu bikoresho vyo gukoresha ibikoresho mu myaka cumi iheze.Igiti c'icuma (LiFePO4)ubuhinga bwa shimi bwaje nk’umuti uhambaye ku bikorwa vy’inguvu z’inganda, bitanga ubushobozi bw’inguvu hagati ya 120-180Wh/kg ugereranyije n’ibice 30-50-50Wh/kg bimenyerewe mu migenzo ya kera y’amabuye y’agaciro. Iyi nyungu y’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi ihindura ata guca ku ruhande mu nyungu z’ubushobozi bw’ibikorwa abarongozi b’ububiko n’abakoresha ibikoresho bidashobora kwirengagiza.

Ehe ikintu ku bijanye n’amashimwe abantu benshi bo hanze y’inganda batamenya: izo mashini zigenda zigenda. Turavuga 16, rimwe na rimwe amasaha 20 ku musi mu bibanza bininibinini vyo gukwiragiza. Uburyo bwa kera bwo gukora ibintu - gukuraho amabateri aremereye-bateri, kubungabunga ivyumba vy’amabateri vyihariye bifise aside - uburyo bwo gushiramwo hasi n’ubuhinga bwo guhumanya umwuka, kugira abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga bwa none barasuzuma amazi ku ndwi ku ndwi.

Nabonye ibibanza bikoreshwa amadolari arenga 50.000 ku bijanye n’ubwubatsi bw’ivyumba vy’amabateri gusa. Impumuro y’amazi, ivyuma bimeneka, ibibanza vyo gukaraba amaso, uburyo bwose. Amapaki ya Lithium ntaco yitwararika. Ushobora kubisaba mu mfuruka y’ububiko bwawe. Nta cumba kidasanzwe gikenewe.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Si amabateri yose ya litiyumu aremwe angana, kandi ivyo birahambaye kuruta uko benshi mu baguzi babibona.

LFP (Ifoto ya Litiyo)ni we aganza isoko ry’imbere kubera imvo nziza. Igitigiri c’abahunga ubushuhe kiri hafi y’amadegre 270 , ugereranyije n’ama shimi 150 y’ubuhinga bwa NCM. Iyo uriko urakoresha imashini zikomeye mu bidukikije aho ingaruka zishika -kubera reka tuvuge ukuri, abakoresha ivyuma bifatanye mu bintu - iyo uruhande rw'umutekano ruhinduka rutarimwo - rushobora guhindurwa. Ubuzima bw’umuzingi mu bisanzwe buva kuri 2.500 gushika ku 4.000 ku 80% vy’uburebure bw’ugusohoka.

Bateri za NCM na NCA zigaragara rimwe na rimwe, ahanini mu bikorwa vy’ububiko vy’imbeho vyihariye aho ibiranga biva hasi - bishobora gutuma umuntu asohoka mu buryo bushingira intahe ibisabwa vyo gucunga ingorane. Ariko ni bo badasanzwe.

LTO (Lithium Titanate) ikwiye kuvugwa kubera ko abahinguzi bamwebamwe babisunikiye cane ku bijanye n’ibintu vy’agaciro. Iryo shure rikora -ushobora gushariza vy’ukuri izo mpapuro mu 15-20-ariko igihano c’uburemere bw’inguvu kirakomeye. Uriko uraba nk’ibice 70Wh/kg. Ku bikorwa vyinshi, ibiharuro ntibigenda neza.

Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri bwoshobora kuba ari bwo bushimwa cane mw’ikoraniro ryose. BMS nziza ikora ibirenze ivyo gukingira umuriro.

Gushiramwo uburinganire gusa bishobora kwagura ubuzima bwo gupakira n’ibice 20{4}}30%. Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umuntu ku giti ciwe turi mu gice tuzoba dufise imyaka itandukanye gatoyi kubera uguhinduka kw’uguhingura n’ubushuhe bw’ubushuhe mu gihe c’ugukora. Ata reging rating, akazu kawe k’intege nke kuruta ayandi yose ni ryo riba ari ryo rituma iyo pack yose igabanywa. Uburyo mu vy'ukuri buhinduka uruzitiro- gusa-

Ivyiyumviro vy’abantu mu bibanza vy’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu biratanga ingorane z’ukuri z’ubuhinga. Igiharuro c’umuriro c’ingingo za LFP ni ikintu gitangaje cane biciye ku 60% vy’ingendo y’ugusohoka. Ntushobora gupima gusa umuriro kandi ukagira SOC nk’uko woshobora gukoresha umurongo w’imbere-}. Uburyo bwo muri iki gihe bukoresha uguharura kw’igihimba c’umubiri bifatanijwe n’ugucungura kwa Kalman be n’ugusubirana kw’ibihe bishingiye ku ntumbero zizwi (umuriro wose w’umuriro, iherezo ry’ugusohoka).

Igenzura ry’ubushuhe rishika ku bice vyinshi- kenshi buri 8-12 cellule-n’amategeko y’uguhagarara-n’amategeko y’ugufunga atera iyo umuntu arengeye agaciro k’imbere. Itangazamakuru rya CAN rigaburira ayo makuru ku mugenzuzi mukuru w’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ubudasiba.

Aho niho ibintu bishimishije, kandi aho nabonye amashirahamwe y’amasoko akora amakosa azimvye.

Igiciro ca mbere co kugura litiyumu gikoresha nk’incuro 2,5 gushika kuri 3 igiciro c’umurongo w’imbere mu gihugu{2}} Bateri. Uwo mubare utera ubwoba abantu. Ntibikwiye, ariko birabikora.

Zirikana porogarama isanzwe ya 80V/500Ah ikoresha uguhindura kabiri:

Igikoresho c’uburongozi bw’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none ({0}} ikintu gisaba amabateri abiri (imwe mu nzira y’ugushaja), igikoresho co gucapura, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha amabateri, n’ibikorwa remezo vy’icumba ca bateri twavuze haruguru. Uriko kandi uriko urasubirira izo bateri buri myaka 4{4}}5 imyaka. Ibiciro vy’abakozi vyo guhindura amabateri ya buri musi vyongerako iminota 15-20 ku guhindura, incuro zibiri ku musi, ku rugero rw’abakozi bawe bose.

Iryo shure ry’i litiyumu rimara imyaka 8-10 n’ubuyobozi bukwiye. Nta guhindura. Nta cumba ca bateri. Gucunga Amahirwe mu gihe c’akaruhuko bituma bigenda igihe kitagira urugero.

Guharura TCO mu giharuro ku rugero rwa 10- kandi litiyumu akenshi itsinda 25-40%, bivanye n’ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi vyo mu karere n’ibiciro vy’abakozi. Ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none bibona ko kwishura mu mezi 18-24. Ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bumwe bishobora kutazokwigera bishika ku kwishura, ni co gituma nama mbaza ivyerekeye uburyo bwo gukoresha imbere y’uko nsaba ikintu cose.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Ivyo gukoresha mu kwidegemvya biri aha hepfo -20℃bivuga ingorane zidasanzwe zikwiye kuganira.

Ivyiyumviro vy'ibice vy'umubiri bigabanywa cane ku bushuhe buke bw'ubushuhe. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none biragabanuka cane. Uguhangana n’imbere mu mutima kwongerekana. Kugerageza gushaza ingorane nyinshi zo mu gipfukisho c’imbeho litiyumu ku nzira y’amazi, ivyo bikaba bituma utugingo ngengabuzima tuguma twononekaye kandi bikaba bituma umuntu agira ingorane zo kwirinda.

Gushiramwo -bateri y’ububiko y’imbeho ishiramwo uburyo bwo gushushanya bukora imbere y’uko gushaja gutangura. Hari ibishushanyo bikoresha ibintu bishobora guhangana n’ugushusha; abandi na bo baragendagenda. Iyi pack ntizokwemerwa gushika ubushuhe bw'ingingo burenze urugero rutoyi, kenshi na kenshi hafi 0℃.

Ivyo birongereza uburemere, igiciro, n’ibintu bishobora kunanirwa. Ariko uburyo bundi - bwo gushira mu bushuhe bw’imbere imbere y’uko bushaje- bugaragaza inyungu z’imikorere zatumye habaho ishoramari rya litiyumu mu kibanza ca mbere.

Igipande- N'imenyekanisha ry'ugukina ntikivuga inkuru yose.

Gusangira uburemere ni ikintu gihambaye cane mu gutera uburinganire. Umurongo w'amabateri y'umurongo w'ingenzi nk'umurongo w'ingenzi; iyo kamyo igenewe vy’ukuri iyo misa. Amapaki ya Lithium apima 50-70% bike. Benshi mu bahinguzi bongerako amasahani y’ivyuma kugira ngo bashobore gusubiza inyuma, ariko ivyo birakeneye ubuhinga bubereye. Nabonye abahinduka nabi aho amakamyo atagumaho mu gihe c’umuzigo.

Uguhuza kw’ibiharuro na kwo nyene ntivyemewe. Abarongozi{1}} ibikoresho bikoresha imiterere itandukanye y'ugushaja- Harihak, gufata, inzira zo kungana- zizokwonona utugingo ngengabuzima twa litiyumu. Ukeneye litiyumu - ibikoresho vy’ugucapura bifise CC{- Ivyuma bigoramye n’ubushobozi bwo guhanahana amakuru BMS.

Ingero z’ugushika ku ntumbero rimwe na rimwe zirakora, rimwe na rimwe ntizikora. Impinduka z’ibice vy’ibarabara ntizidasanzwe.

Ku muntu wese agura amabateri, ivy’amategeko birimwo:

UN38.3 ku bijanye n'umutekano wo gutwara (itegeko ryo kurungikwa)

IEC 62619 ipfutse amabateri y’inganda cane cane

UL 2580 mu masoko yo muri Amerika y'Uburaruko

CE gushiramwo ikimenyetso co gukoresha mu Buraya

Ntukemere amabateri ata nyandiko zibereye. Ivyo si ugukingira gusa - ni ugusuzuma ivy’ishimikiro umuntu mu vy’ukuri yagerageje igicuruzwa imbere y’uko agigurisha.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Kimwe mu vyiza vy’ukuri: amapaki ya litiyumu ntasaba ko umuntu adafungura neza.

Nta n’uguvomera. Nta gushaja kungana. Nta aside atagiramwo aside. Nta gusenyuka kw’iherezo kugira ngo usukure. BMS ifata uburinganire ubwo nyene.

Ivyo ukwiye gukora: gusuzuma ibintu mu bihe bimwe bimwe kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwonona umubiri, isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ibintu bihuza, no gusubiramwo amakuru avuye mu buryo bwo kugenzura. Porogaramu nyinshi zo gucunga ubwato zishobora gushimisha utugingo ngengabuzima twerekana inyifato idasanzwe imbere y’uko zicika ingorane.

Igipande co kugenzura gifise akamaro kuruta uko abantu babibona. Izo nzira zituma habaho amakuru menshi yo gupima. Gukoresha mu kuyikoresha biragwiza ubuzima bwo gupakira; kuvyirengagiza bisigura gusubirira amabateri mbere y’aho.

Amahirwe yo gushaja arahindura cane ingene ibikorwa bizirikana ku bijanye n’ugucungera ibikoresho.

Amabateri y'uburongozi ashikanisha amabateri ahitamwo gusohoka kw'ibintu vyose- Inzinguzingu. Gusaba igice bituma habaho ingaruka z’ukwibuka n’ibibazo vyo gucapura. Mu vy’ukuri ukeneye gutegura ikoreshwa rya bateri yawe.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Lithium dukunda imirongo y’ibice. Gufata kuva kuri 40% gushika kuri 80% mu gihe c’akaruhuko k’ifunguro ry’umutaga ni vyiza- kubemera, mu vy’ukuri. Kuguma ufise amafaranga hagati ya 20% na 80% bituma ubuzima bw’ingendo bugumaho. Uhagarika kwiyumvira ivy’ugucungera amabateri nk’igikorwa c’ibikorwa bitandukanye maze ugatangura kugifata nk’igikorwa c’inyuma gikomeza.

Ivyo bituma habaho igikorwa c'ukuri -shitte ata mpinduka za bateri. Igikapu kimwe, ikamyo imwe, 24{4}} Gupfuka. Inkurikizi z’umwimbu mu bidukikije vy’agaciro kanini ni nyinshi cane.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kunanirwa bukwiye gutahurwa:

Ivyo BMS yananiwen’uko ari igice c’ijana c’ibirego vy’igaranti. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none biba mu bidukikije bikomeye - vibration, uguhinduka kw’ubushuhe, urusaku rw’umuyagankuba ruva ku bikoresho bigenzura moteri. Uburyo buratandukanye cane hagati y’abahinguzi.
Gusudirabishika iyo amashanyarazi nyamukuru apfutse, akenshi bivuye ku bintu vy’ubu. Uburyo bwateguwe neza burimwo imirongo y’imbere{1}} Ingengabire kugira ngo ivyo ntibibe. Ivyimburwa vy’ubuhinga rimwe na rimwe ntibikora.
Amakosa y'itumanahohagati y’umugenzuzi wa BMS n’umugenzuzi w’ivyuma bishobora gusiga amakamyo apfutse mbere n’igihe bateri ubwayo ikora neza cane. Uburyo bwo gushirwa mu ngiro bwa bisi ya CAN ni ikintu gihambaye.

Ivyo gutsindwa kw’ingingo birashika ariko ni gake cane n’abahinguzi b’ibintu vy’agaciro. Iyo bishitse, imigero y’amapaki y’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none iratuma umuntu ashobora gusubirira ama module yafashwe aho gusubirizwa n’amabateri yose.

Lithium-ion Batteries

Solid-bateri ziguma ziguma "ziri kure cane" ku bikorwa vy'imodoka, ariko igihe c'ubuhinga bw'ububasha bw'inganda gishobora kuba kirekire. Ivyo bikoresho vy’amazi bikora neza cane ku buryo umuvuduko wo gusubirira ufise aho ugarukira.

Iterambere ry’igihe riryoshe cane riri hafi y’igihe - Iterambere ry’igihe rigizwe n’ingingo za silikoni - anode gashobora gusunika uburemere bw’inguvu ziheze 200Wh/kg, n’ugukomeza kugabanya ibiciro uko urugero rw’uguhingura rugenda ruragwira. Bateri-as-a - Ivyitegererezo vy’ibikorwa biriko biraronka kwegurira, cane cane ku bikorwa bitobito bidashobora gufata amafaranga menshi.

Inzira iratomoye. Ugurisha gushasha kwa forklift kurushirizaho kugeza ku miterere ya litiyumu. Lead- ntizizimangana mw'ijoro -hari ishingiro rikomeye cane kandi ubuhinga buguma bushobora gukoreshwa mu vy'ubutunzi ku bikoresho biri hasi{4} =itilization - iyo mpinduka yashitse ku ntumbero yayo.

Yaba iyo tekinoloji ifise insiguro ku bikorwa vyihariye bivana n’ibintu vyose: amasaha y’ikoreshwa, uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu, ibidukikije, ukuntu umutungo uboneka, n’ibintu bishirwa imbere. Nta n’inyishu y’isi yose. Ariko gutahura ingene izo sisitemu zikora mu vy'ukuri -