Ni Itandukaniro irihe riri hagati ya bateri ya litiyumu n’iya alkaline?

Naronse telefone mu rushana rwaheze ivuye ku muyobozi w’amasoko mu kibanza co kubika ibintu bikonje i Wisconsin. Yari yatakaje ibikoresho 8 vyo kugenzura ibidukikije kubera ko bateri yari yononekaye, kandi yari yarababaye cane kubera ko atashobora kumenya icabaye. Ishirahamwe ryiwe ryari rikoresheje imiti yitwa Duracell ProCell alkalines, rikoresha urutonde rwo gusubirira imiti buri kwezi kwa gatatu, ivyo bikaba vyari bikwiye kuba bihagije. Ivyo bikoresho vyari vyarashizwe ku rugero rw’amabateri, ibihe vyo gusanasana vyari vyanditswe, vyose vyasa neza ku mpapuro.

 

Ikibazo cari ubushuhe. Ku -18℃, ari vyo bimenyetso vyo kubika ibintu bikonje, amabateri y’amazi ntavyifatamwo neza nk’uko amakuru yabo abivuga. Ubushobozi buragabanuka kumbure ku 10-20% vy’ivyo vyategekanijwe, kandi iyo utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amazi twicaye dusohotse igice mu bidukikije bikanye, turavuza. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri vyitwa potassium hydroxyde electrolyte vyariye biciye mu bihimba vy’umubiri bikorana n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri mu kiringo c’indwi nkeyi. Igihe umuntu wese yafungura ivyo bikoresho kugira ngo bitunganirizwe nk’uko vyategekanijwe, uburozi bwari bwarakwiragiye mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Ivyo vyose vyahomvye, ni nk’amadolari 12.000.

Yari yarakoze ibiharuro ku biciro vy’ibintu, asuzuma ivyerekeye ukuntu ibintu bihuye, akurikije intambwe zose zisanzwe zo gutanga amasoko. Nta na kimwe muri ivyo cashize ahabona ingorane y’ubushuhe kuko nta n’umwe yiyumvira kubaza ivyerekeye ubushobozi bw’ubukonje igihe agura amabateri ya AA.

Ico kiganiro ni co gituma ahanini ndiko ndandika ibi. Itandukaniro hagati ya litiyumu na alkaline ntiryoroshe ku rugero rwa shimi, ariko ingaruka z’ibikorwa zihambwa munsi y’ibintu vy’ukugereranya rusangi bitafasha umuntu gufata ingingo nyazo zo kugura.

Verisiyo ngufi

Verisiyo ndende irimwo gutahura igituma izo ntandukaniro zihari n’igihe mu vy’ukuri zihambaye ku bikorwa vyawe vyihariye. Amakosa menshi yo gutanga amasoko mbona ava mu gukoresha ubwoko butari bwo bwa bateri ku bijanye n’ikoreshwa aho intege nke zayo zigaragara.

Ubushobozi Buri munsi y’Umuzigo: Aho Itandukaniro Nyaryo Rigaragara

Ivyinshi mu bigereranywa vya bateri vyibanda ku buremere bw’inguvu n’umuriro. Ivyo biharuro birahambaye, ariko si ho amashirahamwe atakaza amahera. Ikibazo mu vy’ukuri gitera ingaruka ku giciro c’ibikorwa ni ingene ubushobozi bugereranywa ushobora gukoresha mu vy’ukuri munsi y’igikoresho cawe gikoresha ubu.

Igikoresho ca AA gifise ubushobozi bwo gukora 3000mAh. Ico kigereranyo kiva ku kugerageza gusohoka kw’amashanyarazi ku nkuru ntoyi, mu bisanzwe 25mA canke hasi. Ivyo bikoresho vy’amaboko bikoreshwa cane mu bubiko bikoresha ubushobozi bwa 500-800mA. Amaradiyo y’inzira zibiri akwega nk’ivyo canke hejuru. Ku 800mA, iyo 3000mAh alkaline cell itanga ikintu nk’1000mAh c’inguvu zikoreshwa. Uriko uriha ubushobozi udashobora kuronka.

Imvo ni ukurwanya imbere mu mutima. Igihimba gishasha c’amazi gifise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imbere bugera kuri 0.15Ω, bukaba ari buke cane ku buryo butagira akamaro kanini. Ariko ubuhinga bwa alkaline burafise ikintu kidashobora kuvugwa bihagije mu bijanye n’ugutanga amasoko: ubudahangarwa bwo mu mutima buragwira uko ingingo isohoka. Igihe uzoba umaze gukoresha 90% vy’ubushobozi bw’ivyiyumviro, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bwo mu mutima buraduga bushika kuri 0.75Ω canke hejuru. Mu gihe c’ugukura kw’amashanyarazi menshi, iyo nzira y’uguhangana ihindura igice kinini c’inguvu zisigaye zibitswe mu bushuhe aho kuba umusaruro w’ingirakamaro. Bateri ntiyapfuye mu buryo bw’uko yapfuye; irapfuye mu buryo bw’uko itagishobora gutanga umuriro ku voltage y’ingirakamaro.

Ivy’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu nta kibazo gifise ku rugero hafi rumwe. Inguvu z’imbere ziguma zihagaze neza biciye mu nzira y’ugusohoka, ivyo bisigura ko igice ca litiyumu c’amashanyarazi 3500mAh mu vy’ukuri gitanga hafi 3500mAh waba uriko urakwega 100mA ku gikoresho co gukoresha kure canke 2A ku gikoresho c’amashanyarazi.

Nakoranye n'ikigo co gukwiragiza ibintu umwaka uheze cari kimaze amezi menshi gitorera umuti ingorane z'ibikoresho vya Zebra TC52 "bifise ubumuga". Igitabo ca spec sheet cari gifise amasaha 8-, bariko bararonka amasaha 3, kandi bose biyumvira ko hari ikintu kitagenda neza mu bikoresho. Vyabonetse ko ama scanners yari meza. Bateri z’amazi ziri munsi y’umuzigo gusa ntizitanga ubushobozi bwazo bwategekanijwe. Yahinduwe ku Li-ion ishobora gusubirwamwo, izo scanners nyene zatanguye gutera amasaha 7+. Itandukaniro ryari ryose ryari mu mabateri.

Ubushuhe bukora

Iyi ni yo spec yafashe sosiyete ya Wisconsin, kandi birashoboka ko ari co kintu gishimwa cane mu guhitamwo amabateri yo gukoresha mu nganda.

Mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba, alkaline na litium vyose bikora hafi y’ivyo bitegekanijwe. Uko ubushuhe bugenda buragabanuka, ni ko n’ico kinogo kiguruka cane. Ivyuma vy’amazi vy’amazi (alkaline chemistry) birakunda cane cane ubukonje kubera ko ivy’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi bigenda buhoro kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi bwo mu mutima bukarushirizaho. Ku 0℃, uriko urabona 50-70% y'ubushobozi bwagereranywa. By -18℃, ariko ni ikintu gisanzwe co kubika ibintu bikonje, alkaline igumya kumbure 10-20% y’ubushobozi-bitagira akamaro ku bikorwa vyinshi. Ku -40℃, ni zero mu vy’ukuri.

Litiyumu igumya ubushobozi bwa 70-80% ku degre -18 kandi iguma itanga 50{13}}60% ku degre -40 . Igerageza ry’itongo ryasohowe kuri backpackinglight.com ryerekanye ko alkaline imara nk’iminota 25 ku 0℃F mu bihe vy’umuzigo usa aho litiyumu imara iminota 150. Ivyo ni itandukaniro rya 6× mu gihe c’ugukora kw’isi nyakuri n’ubushuhe gusa, bitandukanye n’ibibazo vy’ubushobozi-burengeye umuzigo.

Ico bisobanura: nimba uriko urakoresha ubuhinga bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo bukonje, ibikorwa remezo vyo hanze, gutwara ibintu bifise amafirigo, canke ikibanza cose kiri mu kirere co mu buraruko aho ibikoresho bishobora gushikirwa n’ubushuhe bukonja, amabateri y’amazi si uburyo bwo kuzigama amahera-. Ni ingorane yo kwizigirwa izotuma habaho amahera menshi mu gusenyuka, gusubirizwa vyihutirwa, no kwonona ibikoresho kuruta amahera yose yo kuzigama ku giciro c’ibintu.

Uruhande rw’inyuma na rwo nyene rurabereye kuvuga: nimba uriko urakorera mu bidukikije bigenzurwa n’ikirere-bifise ubushuhe buhamye hagati ya degre 15-30 , ntuzobona inyungu y’ukwihanganira ubukonje bwa litiyumu kandi nta mpamvu yo kubihemba.

Igiciro cose c'ubunywanyi

Igereranyo ry’ibiciro vy’ibintu niho amasoko menshi y’amabateri agenda nabi. Ivyo biharuro biragaragara-alkaline AAs zigura $0.50-1.00, zingana na litium zishobora gusubirwamwo zigura $5-10, kuki umuntu yotanga 10× n’ibindi ku mabateri?

Kuko igiciro ca -unit si co mu vy'ukuri uriha mu gihe c'ubuzima bwo gukoresha.

Igiharuro c’ugusenyuka ku 6 gikoreshwa ni umubare w’ingenzi. Igikoresho cose gica mu ma bateri incuro zirenga 6 mu kiringo c’ubuzima bwaco, gitwara amahera make kugira ngo gikoreshe litiyumu ishobora gusubirwamwo umuriro kuruta uko gikoreshwa n’amazi yitwa alkaline. Ico kinogo kiragwira ningoga inyuma y’ivyo. Ku bikoresho -bikoreshwa buri musi, uriko urabona litiyumu igura hafi 2% y'ivyo alkaline igura mu kiringo c'imyaka 10.

Ariko mu vy’ukuri, igiciro ca bateri ubwaco kenshi si co mbere gihambaye. Nabonye ibikorwa aho swap labor irenze igiciro co kugura bateri na 3-4×. Igikoresho gikoreshwa n’amasanamu 120 gihindura amabateri kabiri mu ndwi, kimara amasaha arenga 1.200 ku mwaka mu guhindura amabateri gusa. Ku madolari 25/isaha y’igiciro c’abakozi, ivyo ni amadolari 30,000+ y’abakozi ku gikorwa kizimangana rwose n’ugusubiramwo litiyumu n’ugushaja ku kivuko.

Amakuru ya ROI avuye mu mpinduka nyazo

Nzobabwira imibare imwe imwe ivuye mu migambi twagize uruharamwo canke dufise inyandiko kuri yo. Ivyo ni urugero rw’inganda, si ibikorwa vy’abaguzi, ariko ingingo zikoreshwa ku rugero urwo ari rwo rwose aho uriko urakoresha amadolari arenga amajana makeyi ku mwaka ku mabati.

Ishirahamwe ry’i Texas{0}}ryitwa 3PL ryahinduye ubwato bufise amaforoko 50-buva ku aside y’amabuye y’agaciro buja ku litiyumu{9}}ion. Uburyo bwa bateri butandukanye n’ubw’ingingo za AA, ariko n’ukugereranya kw’ubuhinga bumwe. Ishoramari ry’intango ryari rikomeye, ariko imyaka 8-yerekanye ko $2.9M mu kuzigama ugereranyije n’ugukomeza n’ugugabanya 56% kw’ibiciro vyose bijanye n’amabateri. Igihe co kwishura cari amezi 31. Ivyo vyazigamiwe vyavuye mu gukuraho icumba c’amabateri c’amabarabara 480, kugabanya igikorwa co gusanasana ku musi ku musi kuva ku masaha 4,5 gushika ku minota nka 20, no kugabanya igihe ibikoresho bihagarara kuva ku 12% vy’igihe c’akazi gushika ku 2%. Ivyo bivuye mu cigwa ca UgoWork casohowe mu 2024.

Ku rugero rutoyi, ikibanza co gukwiragiza amakuru twakorana na co ata guca ku ruhande cari gifise ama scanner 120 afatwa mu minwe akoresha ama AA 480 y’amazi y’umunyu ku ndwi. Amabateri yakoreshwa mu mwaka yari amadolari 18.720, yongerako amasaha 1.248 y’uguhinduranya. Bahinduye Li-ion n’ugushaja ku kivuko ku madolari 14.400 y’imbere -amabateri hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo vyo gushaja. Igiciro c’amashanyarazi gikomeza kiri hafi y’amadolari 960/umwaka. Payback yaje ku mezi 9. Inyuma y’ivyo, bariko barazigama amadolari 17.000 ku mwaka ata n’imwe ihungabanywa n’uguhindura amabateri.

Ivyo birahuye: ishoramari ryinshi ry’imbere, kwishura vyihuta kuruta ibikoresho vyinshi vy’ubutunzi, kuzigama gukomeye gukomeza iyo igihe c’ubutunzi kigeze.

Ingorane zo gusohoka

Ivyo ntivyitabwaho bihagije mu biganiro vyo guhitamwo amabateri, kumbure kubera ko bigoye kubigereranya gushika bigushikiye.

Amabateri y’amazi akoresha umuyagankuba wa potasiyumu nk’umuyagankuba wayo. KOH ni ikintu gitera ubumara. Iyo utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amazi tuvuza-kandi tukavuza, kenshi kuruta abahinguzi bakunda kwemera-ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bitera ivyuma bikorana n’ivyuma kandi bishobora gukwiragira mu nzira. Rimwe na rimwe urashobora gusukura ivyo vyangiritse maze ugakiza ico gikoresho. Rimwe na rimwe ivyo bikoresho birasenyuka.

Ivyago vyo gusohoka vyiyongera n'imyaka, gusohoka kw'ibice, n'uguhinduka kw'ubushuhe. Ibikoresho biguma bitakoreshwa hagati y’aho birungikwa ni vyo cane cane bishobora gushikirwa n’ingorane. Nanje ubwanje narabonye amapaleti y’amaradiyo y’ivyihutirwa yanditswe kubera ko amabateri y’amazi ya alkaline yasohotse mu mezi 18 yo kubika mu bubiko. Amaradiyo yari arindiriye ko umuntu arungikwa gufasha mu gihe habaye ibiza, kandi igihe umuntu yariko arasambura izo nkoko kugira ngo azisanure nk’uko vyategekanijwe, uburozi bwari bwarakwiragiye kure cane ku buryo atashobora kuzikiza.

Iyi si ikibazo c'ikimenyetso kimwe-. Mara umwanya kuri r/batteries canke ihuriro ryose ry’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bwa none uzosanga ivyifuzo vy’ugusohoka kw’amazi ku bijanye n’ibara ryose ry’amazi y’amazi-Duracell, Energizer, ibara ry’amaduka, ntaco bimaze. Yaba ikibazo ari ugugabanya ubugenzuzi bw’uburyo mu gisata cose canke gusa kwongerekana kw’amakuru yo kuri internet bituma ingorane zihari ziboneka cane, iyo nzira irahari. Uvyigenzure wewe nyene nimba ubishaka; indodo ntizigoye kuronka.

Ivyuma vya litiyumu bikoresha ivyuma bitagira amazi. Litiyumu ya mbere (idashobora gusubirwamwo) na litiyumu{3}}iyoni (ishobora gusubirwamwo) vyose bifise ingorane yo gusohoka hafi -zero mu bihe bisanzwe. Ku bikoresho vyose vyicaye ataco bikora hagati y'ikoreshwa-uburyo bw'ivyihutirwa, ibikoresho vyo gusubiza inyuma, ibikoresho vy'ibihe, ibikoresho vyo gukingira-iki kiranga conyene gishobora gutuma igiciro gisumba igiciro c'amazi.

Ubuzima bwo kwisohoka no kubika

Ico ni co kibanza kimwe aho alkaline ifise akamaro nyakuri, kandi irahambaye ku bikorwa vyihariye.

Bateri z'amazi y'amazi -zisohoka ku 2-3% ku mwaka. Ushobora kubishira ku ruhande maze ukagaruka haciye imyaka 7-10 ubushobozi bwinshi bukiriho. Litiyumu y’intango ni nziza cane-hafi 1% y’umwaka yisohoka-ishobora kumara imyaka 15-20. Lithium-ion ishobora gusubirwamwo ni mbi cane kuri iyi metric, itakaza 3-5% ku kwezi, ivyo bisigura ko udashobora gusa gushiramwo ibintu vya Li-ion maze ukavyibagira.

Ku bikoresho vy’ivyihutirwa bikeneye kwicara imyaka myinshi bitakozweko gushika bishizweho-ibikoresho vy’ivyago, ivy’itumanaho ry’inyuma, ibikoresho vy’umutekano-litiyumu ya mbere ni yo nzira nziza. Imyaka 15-20 y’ubuzima bwo ku ruhande hamwe n’ingorane yo gusohoka hafi-zero irarusha alkaline naho nyene ibiharuro vy’ugusohoka kw’amazi bisa, kubera ko alkaline ikunda gusohoka bituma idakwiriye kubika igihe kirekire ata wuyicungera.

Niba uriko urabungabunga ububiko bwa Li-ion bushobora gusubirwamwo, ububiko bw'ububiko burahambaye kuruta uko abantu benshi babibona. Kubika Li-ion ku charge yuzuye vyihuta gusenyuka kw'ubushobozi. Ku bushuhe bwinshi, utugingo ngengabuzima twa litiyumu-ion tubitswe ku 100% tw’ubushobozi dushobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwawo bushika kuri 35% ku kwezi. Ico wokora kibereye ni ukubika ku 40-60% SOC n’ingendo zo kugenzura zigenda zihinduka. Nabonye amashirahamwe atakaza amadolari ibihumbi n’ibihumbi mu bikoresho vy’amabateri vyari vyabitswe vyuzuye mu ciyumviro c’uko vyuzuye bisobanura ko biteguye gukoreshwa.

Gukoresha-Ihitamwo ryihariye

Aho gutanga impanuro rusangi, ng'uko uko amahitamwo agabanywa hakurikijwe uko akoreshwa:

Amakosa yo gutanga amasoko nguma mbona

Gusuzuma ku giciro c’ibintu ata n’akarorero ka TCO.Iyi ni yo ikunda gukoreshwa cane. Amasoko ahimbaza kuzigama amadolari 0.05/bateri mu gihe ingingo y’ishimikiro yo gukoresha alkaline igura 10× kurusha litiyumu yoba ifise mu kiringo co gukoresha. Ubake ikigereranyo nyaco ca TCO imbere y'uko uganira kugiciro-ushiremwo guhindura abakozi, gukuraho, n'ingorane zo kwonona ibikoresho.

Gukoresha ubushobozi buva ku mibereho y’ugusohoka kw’izina.Iyo urupapuro rw’ibikoresho ruvuga ko amasaha 8 akoreshwa, ivyo bishingiye ku bushobozi bwa bateri mu gihe c’igerageza ry’umuhinguzi, atari ku nguvu nyayo ukoresha. Igihe nyaco co gukora ku muzigo nyawo wo gukora gishobora kuba 40% y’ivyo canke hasi. Niba igihe co gukora ari co gihambaye, nusabe ama curves y’ugusohoka ku giciro cawe nyaco, atari uko umuhinguzi yakoresheje.

Kwirengagiza ubushuhe mu vyo gusobanura.Ibikoresho bica bishirwa mu bibanza bikonje canke hanze, alkaline irananirwa, umuntu wese ashira urubanza ku bikoresho canke ku rutonde rwo kubibungabunga. Ivyo guhitamwo bateri vyari bitari vyo kuva mu ntango. Iyo ubushuhe bwo gukora buja munsi ya degre 5 n’ubudasiba ubwo ari bwo bwose, alkaline ni yo mahitamwo mabi.

Amabateri atari -OEM mu bikoresho bihambaye.Hariho ikibazo canditswe kivuye mu bitaro vy'abana vy'igihugu cose aho ibikoresho vyo kugenzura abarwayi vyananiwe mu misi 30 inyuma y'aho abakozi bashizeho amabateri y'uwundi muntu. Ivyo bihimba bitagira -OEM ntivyari bifise imirongo y’uburinzi ibereye kandi vyarononekaye ibikoresho. Amategeko y'ibitaro ubu ategeka OEM-gusa amabateri y'ibikoresho vyose vy'ubuvuzi bukomeye. Ivyo vyasohowe mu kinyamakuru AAMI kivuga ivy’ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi n’ubuhinga. Ku gikorwa cose aho ukunanirwa gutwara ingorane z’umutekano canke ingaruka zikomeye z’amahera, amafaranga azigamiwe ava mu mabati y’inyuma y’isoko ntaco amaze.

Kubika litiyumu ishobora gusubirwamwo igihe yuzuye.Ivyihuta gusenyuka vyihuta kuruta uko gutwara ikinga bigenda. Niba uriko urabungabunga ububiko bwa Li-ion, ubike kuri 40-60% SOC maze ushire mu ngiro inzinguzingu zo kugenzura.

Abatanga amabateri

Niba uriko urasuzuma abaguha ibikoresho, ng’ibi ivyo wosaba:

• Ivyiyumviro vy’ugusohoka ku bihe vy’umuzigo mwinshi. Uwugurisha ashobora gusa gutanga amakuru y'ubushobozi ku rugero rwiza rwo gusohoka canke ntatahura igicuruzwa ciwe canke ariko ahisha ubukene bw'ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi. Uko biri kwose, si umuntu ushaka gusobanura amabateri y'ibikorwa vy'amazi menshi-.
• Amakuru yerekeye ubushuhe mu rutonde rw'ibikorwa vyawe vy'ukuri. Ntukemere ubushuhe bwo mu cumba-ku bikoresho bija mu bubiko bukonje.
• Amakuru y'uburyo bwo kurwanya imbere mu ngingo nshasha n'iherezo-ry'-ubuzima. Ivyo bikubwira ingene bateri izokora iyo iriko irakora uko igenda irakura, atari iyo iriko irakura gusa.
• Ivyemezo vy’umutekano-UN38.3 ku bijanye n’ugutwara, UL na IEC 62133 ku bijanye n’umutekano wa litiyumu. Ivyo ni vyo bikwiye kuba ibisabwa vy’intango.
• Amajambo ya garanti aboheshejwe n’ubuzima bw’ingendo aho kubonana n’igihe c’ikirangamisi. Ivyemezo bishingiye ku kirangamisi-nta co bimaze ku ma bateri; amajambo ashingiye ku nzira-yerekana ukwizigira mu bikorwa vy'ukuri.
• Ubufatanye nyabwo bwo gusubira gukoresha ibintu, atari amajambo atari meza ku bijanye no gufata ibintu. Lithium ni 95% ishobora gusubirwamwo n’agaciro k’ibintu bisigaye, ariko ivyo birahambaye gusa iyo hari porogarama nyayo yo kuyifata.

Ivyo dukora

Polinovel ikora amabateri ya litiyumu akoreshwa mu nganda, mu bucuruzi no mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwihariye. Ishirahamwe ryacu ry’abahinga rikorana n’imigwi y’amasoko n’ibikorwa kugira ngo rikoreshe TCO ku bihe vy’ikoreshwa vyihariye, rigerageze ubushobozi mu gihe nyaco co gukoresha aho gukoresha ivyiyumviro vy’urupapuro rw’amakuru, n’imiti ihuye n’ibisabwa vy’ukuri.

Ntituzokubwira ko litium yama ari inyishu ibereye-hariho ibikorwa vyinshi aho alkaline igira insiguro nyinshi, kandi ivyo tuzokubwira nimba ari ukuri ku mibereho yawe. Ico tuzokora n’ugukoresha imibare nyayo tukaguha amakuru kugira ngo ufate ingingo.

Niba uriko urasuzuma ihinduka rya bateri canke ushaka kugenzura nimba uburyo ukoresha ubu ari bwo bwiza, shikira kuri polinovelpowbat.com maze usabe isuzuma rya TCO. Mu bisanzwe duhindura isesengura ry’intango mu ndwi imwe.