Ni igiki gikozwe mu buryo bw’igishushanyo?

Guhamagara mu kwezi guheze ku muyobozi w’ubwato muri Michigan. Ivyumba vy’ububiko vy’amabuye, bishike ku ntwaro zikoresha amashimwe atatu. Bateri yiwe ya 80V yateye kode y’ikosa inyuma y’amezi 14 -BMS irafunga, ikamyo yapfuye. Yahamagaye umucuruzi wiwe, yasubiwemwo amadolari 22.000 kugira ngo asubirire n’indingani itandatu y’indwi.

 

Twaramusavye ngo ashire igipfukisho no kohereza amafoto. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri vyari vyaracitse bifatanye n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bifatanye n’ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri. Nta module, nta n’umwe ashobora gushikako. Ico gipfukisho cose cari ikintu kimwe gikomeye. Uwo wese yabiteguye kumbure yariko agerageza gufyonda kuri Wh/kg makeyi y’inyongera ku rupapuro rw’ibara, ubu rero uwo muhungu ariko arishura kuri iyo ngingo.

 

Ivyo ni vyo umuntu adusaba ku bijanye n’uguhingura ibintu. Si ku nsobanuro vy’ukuri - ni ivyo bishika iyo ibintu bigenda nabi, ivyo bihora biheza bikabikora.

 

Iciyumviro c'ishimikiro

Igishushanyo c’umubiri bisigura gutunganya utugingo ngengabuzima mu bice bitandukanye (imiterere) ushobora gukuramwo maze ukore ku muntu ku giti ciwe. Buri module ifise igipimo cayo, amahuzu yayo y’umuyagankuba, interface yayo bwite y’ubushuhe. Iyo pack ikeneye gukora, uba uriko urakorana n’igice ca 5-10 kWh aho gukoresha 60 kWh monolith.

Uburyo bundi -Igice{1}}ba-Igice, Utugingo ngengabuzima-Igiciro c'Igice, ico ushaka kwita - kigaragaza izo mibumbe iri hagati. Utugingo ngengabuzima tuja mu nzu y’ipaki canke mbere n’inyuma y’imodoka. Kumbure wabonye ubudandaji: CATL’s Qilin iratera 72% y’ikoreshwa ry’uburemere, utugingo ngengabuzima twa BYD Blade dukoresha ubwaguke bwose bw’igitereko, Tesla ifatanya 4680s mu mapaki y’imiterere.

Ivyo ni vyo vy’ukuri vy’ubuhinga. Biragira ico bivuze ku ma EV y’abagenzi aho umuntu wese ariko arahiganwa ku mibare y’urutonde kandi uriko urakuraho amamiliyoni y’ibice bisa. Ariko ibikorwa vy’inganda ni ikintu gitandukanye rwose.

Aho Ibibazo vyerekana

Iyo utugingo ngengabuzima tufatanye n’ibintu bifatanye, ntushobora kuyakuramwo ata kintu na kimwe gisenyutse. Ivyo bikoresho nyene vy’ubushuhe bituma ubushuhe butera imbere na bwo nyene buratuma ikoraniro ryose rigumaho. Umuryango umwe uragenda nabi, iyo pack iragenda nabi.

Abafise imodoka ba passenger barakodesha imyaka itatu kandi bagacuruza. A forklift itwara imyaka cumi n’imwe mu kibanza co gukwiragiza. Ivyo biharuro bikora mu buryo butandukanye.

Twarakurikirana ibiciro vyo gusanura ku bakiriya bacu kandi uburyo burahuye. Module - Ibikorwa bikoreshwa amadolari 400-800 harimwo n'abakozi. Gusubirira pack yuzuye ku gishushanyo gigereranywa-ba igihe ushobora mbere kuronka amadolari 15.000-25.000, wongereko amayinga y’igihe c’imbere.

Ivyo biharuro vy’igihe co guhagarara bituma ivyo bikomera. Ubushakashatsi bwa ABB bwo mu 2024 (3,200+ bwasanze igihe co guhagarara kitategekanijwe kidategekanijwe amadolari 125.000/isaha yose- Gukora $2M{+. Amajambo y’imbere agenda hasi, ariko ibikoresho vyicaye ataco bimaze bitegereje ko bateri ivuye mu Bushinwa iriko iraronka amahera.

Uruhande rw’ubwishingizi rw’ivyo na rwo nyene ruraryoshe. Twumva ko vyose -kubura ibipimo ku bikoresho bifise amapaki atari- biriko birahindurwa. Bisobanura - iyo umuntu atonze gatoyi bisigura gusubirira bateri y'amadolari 20k, imibare ku "hama" irahinduka vyihuta cane.

Uburongozi bw'ubushuhe buraheza

Igenzura ry’ubushuhe niho vy’ukuri ubwubatsi bw’ibintu buronka, naho ivyo bitavugwa cane.

Utugingo ngengabuzima two muri Lithium dushaka kuguma hagati ya degre 15 na 35℃. Bishushe cane kandi birashavura ningoga- yose degre 10 hejuru y’ivyiza vy’ubuzima bw’ingendo mu bice bibiri. Ukonje cane kandi ugatakaza ubushobozi, ukongerako gushaja munsi y’ingorane zo gukonjesha litiyumu. Ivyavuyemwo bibi mu buryo bubi.

Imipaka y’imirongo iguha uturere tw’ubushuhe kavukire. Ushobora gushiramwo amasahani yo gukonjesha hagati y’ibice, gukoresha amazi biciye mu mirongo isobanuwe, ahantu hari ingorane. Uburyo bwo gukora buraryoshe cane kandi bworoshe kwubaka.

Twama tugerageza imiterere n'inzira- ibikoresho mu nzu z'ibice. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ishimikiro nyene bikora ama yardes yo hanze yo muri Arabiya Saudite be n’ibibanza vyo kubikamwo imbeho muri Canada. Mu kigeragezo c’ububiko bukonje, amabateri yagumye hejuru ya 0 degre 0 ku 14+ amasaha y’uburebure bwa -20 y’amadegre inyuma y’ingendo y’ugusohoka. Iyo ata burongozi bw’ubushuhe, uriko urakonja mu masaha makeyi.

Hamwe n’ipaki y’imbere aho vyose bifatanye n’isahani imwe nini yo gukonjesha, ntushobora vy’ukuri guhindura ivyo. Uburyo bw’ubushuhe ni bwo bubumbano. Gukoresha bitandukanye bisigura ubuhinga butandukanye bwo gukora.

Ubutunzi bwo gukora - Kutavyiteze

Ico kibanza c’imigero y’ibintu vy’agaciro ni ivy’ugukora neza. Ibice bikeyi, gukoranya vyihuta, igiciro gito. Tesla yaciye ifata 3 ihuriro ry’ipaki kuva ku masaha 7 gushika ku minota 17. Ivyo biharuro ni ukuri.

Bishingiye kandi ku kwubaka amamiliyoni y’amamiliyoni asa n’ayo afise ubuhinga bwihariye butwara amamiliyoni mirongo kugira ngo ashingeho.

Guhingura amabateri y’inganda ntaco bisa n’ivyo. Igikoresho gisanzwe co gutera OEM gikeneye amapaki kuva kuri 24V gushika kuri 80V ku buryo bushoboka, bugashika ku nzira zitandukanye z’ibikoresho bitandukanye. Turavuga ibihumbi mirongo vy’ibice vy’ibihumbi mu murongo w’ibintu vyose, si amamiliyoni y’ibintu bimwe bimwe vy’i SKU.

Ubwubatsi bw’amadeni burafata ubwo bwoko bw’ubwoko. Uremeza umugambi umwe, hanyuma ugafatanya umubare utandukanye kugira ngo ushiremwo umuriro wose n’ubushobozi bwose umukiriya akeneye. Igipande c'ipaki- c'urugero ni ahanini igisasu. Ivyiyumviro bishasha birashobora kwohereza mu ndwi kubera igice gikomeye- igice c'ibintu- ni co kimaze gukorwa.

Urugero rw'ibikorwa vy'inganda biherutse gukorwa ruvuga neza inkuru kuruta inyigisho:

Ivy'ubuhinga bwa none (2023-2025)

Ivyo bigaragara: ugushirwaho kwose gukomeye mu bidukikije bisaba -min, ububiko bukonje, ibikorwa vy’ikibuga c’indege - vyakozwe n’imigero y’ibintu. Uburyo buhuriweko buraganza EVs z’abagenzi. Ivy’ukuri bitandukanye, amahitamwo atandukanye y’ubwubatsi.

Gerageza gukora ivyo ukoresheje amapaki y’ibintu. Igihinduka cose gikeneye ibikoresho vyaco, ivy’ukwemeza, ivy’uguhingura vyaco. Inyungu y’ubushobozi ku rugero rw’imodoka ihinduka igihano co guhindura uko umuntu akora iyo uriko uratanga amasoko y’inganda afise ibice.

Igiciro

Amakuru y’ibiciro vy’inganda (BloombergNEF asohora ubushakashatsi buri mwaka) ashira LFP igiciro c’amadolari 81/kWh kw’isi yose, n’uguhinduka gukomeye kw’akarere- Ubushinwa nk’amadolari 84/kWh, Amerika ya ruguru cane nk’amadolari 121/kWh. Ivyo 44% vy’amahera y’imbere mu gihugu vyerekana ibiciro vy’abakozi, ubukure bw’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, n’urugero rw’ibikorwa.

Ivyo ni ibiciro vy’ugugura. Ntibafata ivyo bishika mu myaka icumi y’ibikorwa.

Ku bijanye n’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara. Kumbure incuro zibiri mu buzima bwayo, kumbure incuro zitatu.

Ku mapaki y’ibintu vy’agaciro ni amadolari 1.500-2.500 yose harimwo n’ibiciro vyo guhagarara. Ku mapaki y’ibintu vy’agaciro uriko uraraba amadolari 40,000+ nimba utegerezwa gusubirira igice cose mbere rimwe.

Ivyigwa vya TCO vyashizwe ahabona vy'abakoresha ubwato vyerekana uburyo:

Lithium vs Lead.

*Impanuro: Isesengura ry'ubwato bwa UgoWork (Isesengura ry'i Texas 50 3PL), Raymond Corporations priques data, ububiko bukonje bwa OneCharge*

Igiharuro c’imbere c’ubwubatsi bw’imirongo{0}} kugifata 15{{2}20%- mu buryo bw’ugusubiza mu 24- amezi 36 ku bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwinshi. Mbere n’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bumwe birashika mu myaka itanu.

Itegeko ry'amategeko

Ubushinwa n’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi vyose vyariko biraja ku mategeko ashigikira imigero ishobora gukoreshwa.

GB 38031-2020 (urugero rw’umutekano w’amabateri ya EV rwa China) bisaba ko intambamyi z’ugukwiragira kw’ubushuhe-niba utugingo ngengabuzima tumwe tuja mu nzigo, utugingo ngengabuzima turi hafi dutegerezwa kurokoka nibura iminota itanu canke iyo pack itegerezwa gutanga imburi. Imipaka y’imirongo ni ahantu heza ho gushiramwo izo nzitizi.

Itegeko ry'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi risohoka mu mwaka w'2027 ryongera ibisabwa mu gukurikirana ikirenge ca carbone, ibirimwo vyasubiwemwo, n'ugukurikirana ubuzima biciye ku buryo bwa "Battery Passport". Ivyo vyose biroroshe iyo amabateri agenewe gusenyura. Modules zishobora gukwegwakwegwa, zishirwa mu rwego, zirungikwa ku mwanya wa kabiri- ubuzima canke gusubira gukoresha. Ipaki zishizwemwo zitegerezwa gutandukanywa.

Inzira y’ingingo mfatirwako iratomoye neza: amabateri ni ibintu bikomeye, si ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa. Ivyo guhingura ibintu vyiza gusa kugira ngo bikore neza mu guhingura bizohura n’ugushikana kw’igihe.

Ico iki kisobanuro co gufata ingingo

Ubwubatsi bushizwemwo si -ba gusa ku ntumbero zitandukanye n’ivyo porogarama z’inganda zisaba. CATL na BYD bariko barakora ku bahinga b’imodoka bakeneye inguvu nyinshi ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’ibikorwa. Ico ni ikibazo c’ubuhinga bubereye n’umuti wemewe.

Ibikoresho vy’inganda biratandukanye. Icumi - ubuzima bw'umwaka. Ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga n’abahinga mu vy’abaguzi. Ibidukikije biva ku bikonjesha gushika ku bugaragwa. Ivyuma vyinshi vy’umuriro n’ubushobozi ku bikoresho vy’ibikoresho.

Nimba ari uko bimeze, ibibazo bikwiye kubaza umuguzi wese:

Inyishu zikubwira nimba uriko uragura ikintu cagenewe ukuri kwawe, canke ikintu cabayeho.

Twamaze imyaka yubaka amapaki y’inganda mu bikorwa vy’inganda cane cane kuko ivyo ni vyo porogarama zisaba. Igitigiri c’amakete y’ibara ntigitangaje nk’ico ubona ku baguzi b’imodoka nini y’imodoka. Igiciro c’umwaka cumi c’amahera y’ubutunzi akenshi ni.