Igiharuro c’Imenyamare ni iki?

Igitigiri c’abantu barungikwa gipima ingene bateri isohora ningoga inguvu zayo zibitswe, zigaragazwa nk’amashanyarazi (ampres) zijanye n’ubushobozi bwa bateri hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa C{0}}. Igipimo c’ugusohoka 1C bisigura ko bateri izosohoka neza mu isaha imwe, mu gihe 2C igipimo ca 2C kiyigabanya mu minota 30.

Ico ciyumviro kiragira ico gikoze ku buryo ibikoresho vyawe bimara be n’uko iyo bateri ishobora guha ubushobozi ibikoresho vyawe ata nkomanzi. Gutahura igipimo c’ugusohoka bigufasha guhitamwo amabateri akwiye ku bikoresho biva ku matelefone ngendanwa gushika ku modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba, aho ibisabwa vyo gutanga amashanyarazi bitandukanye cane.

Abahinguzi b’amabateri n’abahinga bakoresha C{0}} nk’uburyo busanzwe bwo kudondora umuvuduko wo gusohoka mu bwinshi bwa bateri. "C" igereranya ubushobozi bwa bateri, gukora ibigereranyo bigororotse ataco ushizeko nimba uriko urasuzuma akazu gatoyi ka 2000mAh canke bateri nini ya 100Ah.

Isano ry'imibare ni ryoroshe: umuriro w'umuriro (A)=C- ubushobozi × ubushobozi bwa bateri (Ah). Ku bateri 50Ah yasohotse ku 1C, uruja n’uruza rw’amazi ni 50A, iramara isaha imwe. Ku 0.5C, iyo bateri nyene itanga 25A amasaha abiri. Iryo sano rihinduka hagati y’ubu n’igihe riguma rihuye.

Real - Igerageza rya kaminuza ya Bateri ryerekana ko bateri ya 1Ah kuri 2C ikwiye gutanga ubushobozi bwose mu minota 30. Ariko rero, ibihombo vyo mu mutima bihindura inguvu zimwezimwe ku bushuhe, bikagabanya ubushobozi nyabwo kugera kuri 95%. Ku rundi ruhande, gutanga ku 0.5C akenshi bitanga ibisomwa vy’ubushobozi biri hejuru ya 100% kubera ko ibiciro buhoro bigabanya ugutakaza imbere mu gihugu.

Ibiciro bitandukanye vyo gusohokamwo biratanga intumbero zitandukanye. Igipimo ca 0.2C (5{3}} irembo ry'ibarabara) gihuye n'ibikorwa bisaba gutanga amashanyarazi adahinduka, maremare y'igihe. Ibintu bikora neza cane nk’uguguruka kw’indege zitagira abapilote canke umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba wihutisha 3C gushika kuri 10C, aho amabateri ategerezwa kurekura ububasha bwinshi ningoga.

Komisiyo Mpuzamakungu y’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi (IEC) isobanura 0.2C nk’igipimo c’ugusohoka kw’amazi ku 3.6V litiyumu - ari yo. Kuri iki kigereranyo, ubushobozi bupimwa burahuye cane n’ubushobozi bugereranywa. Igerageza ryakozwe na XTAR ku ngirabuzimafatizo 18650 vyerekanye ubushobozi bwa 3494mAh na 3489mAh ku 0.2C ku mabateri yashizwe ku 3500mAh- uburyo buri munsi ya 0,5%.

Umuvuduko ukuramwo bateri uhindura cane inyifato yayo n’inguvu ziriho. Iryo sano rikomoka ku bushobozi bwo guhangana n’imbere, buri muri bateri yose ataco buvuze ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa shimi canke uburyo.

Ku bipimo vyinshi vy’ugusohoka, inguvu nyinshi zihindura ubushuhe aho gukoresha inguvu z’umuyagankuba zikoreshwa ku nzira y’iherezo. Igiharuro c’amabuye y’agaciro ({1}} Bateri ya 100Ah yoshobora gutanga ubushobozi bwayo bwose iyo ivuye mu masaha 20 (0.05C), ariko iyo bateri imwe isohoka mu isaha imwe (1C) itanga 80-85Ah gusa kubera ukubura imbere mu mutima.

Ingaruka z’ubushuhe zigaragara ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’ugusohoka. Ubushakashatsi bwasohowe mu Makete y’Inguvu za ACS bugaragaza ko amabateri akora kuri C{1}} Iratanga ubushuhe bukomeye, yihuta gusenyura imiti. Icigwa cakozwe mu mwaka w’2024 ku mabateri y’ibinyabiziga vy’umuyagankuba, casanze ugukomeza igitigiri c’abasohoka hagati ya 0.2C na 0.5C bituma habaho uburinganire hagati y’ubushobozi, ubuzima buramba, n’umutekano.

Inyifato y’ibintu vy’agaciro irahinduka mu buryo bugaragara ku bipimo vy’ugusohoka. Ivyimburwa vy’amazi ({1}} bituma umuriro ugabanuka cane, ushika ku ntumbero y’uguca vuba kuruta ibiva mu mazi buhoro. Iyi sag y’umuriro iragabanya inguvu nziza ushobora gukuramwo. Ku bijanye n’uburyo bwa bateri 24V litiyumu, gusohoka kuri 1C bishobora kwerekana umuriro ushikamye hafi 25V, mu gihe 3C isohoka ishobora gutuma umuriro ukora ugera kuri 22V.

Igicapo c'ugusohoka- umuriro w'igishushanyo n'igihe - Irahishurira neza izo ntandukaniro. Bateri y’icuma y’ivyuma (LiFePO4) yerekana imirongo y’ugusohoka mu buryo busanzwe mbere no ku rugero ruringaniye, ikaguma ifise umuriro udahinduka gushika hafi- Ubwinshi. Ico kiranga kiratuma bibereye cane cane ibikorwa bisaba isohoka ry’ububasha buhamye.

discharge rate

Kumenya igipimo c’ugusohoka gikwiye bisaba gutahura ibisabwa n’ubushobozi bw’igikoresho cawe no kubihuza n’ivyo bateri. Igikoresho nyamukuru kiratanga intango: C{1}} Imeza=umuriro (A) ÷ ubushobozi bwa bateri (Ah).

Zirikana ko bateri 100Ah ikoresha umuzigo ukwegera 50A. Igiharuro ca C{3}} kiratanga 0.5C (50 ÷ 100), bisobanura ko bateri izosohoka mu masaha abiri. Ku bijanye n’ugupima igihe co gukora, gukoresha: igihe (amasaha)=ubushobozi (Ah) ÷ umuriro (A). Muri aka karorero: 100Ah ÷ 50A=2 amasaha.

Gutanga ububasha birazana uwundi murongo. Bateri ya 12V ku 50A itanga 600W (12V × 50A). Uko umuriro ugabanuka mu gihe c’ugusohoka, ugutanga ububasha nyavyo biragabanuka naho umuyagankuba woba uguma udahinduka. Ivyo bisigura igituma bateri- ibikoresho bikoreshwa kenshi bitakaza ubushobozi imbere y’uko bateri igaragara ko ari ubusa.

Kubera24V litiyumuikoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vy’izuba no mu modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba, uguhitamwo igipimo c’ugusohoka biragira ingaruka nyinshi ku guhingura uburyo. Ibarabara ry’amabateri 100Ah 24V ribika 2400Wh y’inguvu. Ku 0.5C (50A), itanga 1200W mu masaha abiri. Ariko rero, ubushobozi bw’isi bw’ukuri bw’isi buri hagati ya 85-95%, bivanye n’igipimo c’ugusohoka n’ubushuhe.

Ivyiyumviro vy’ugusohoka n’ibigumaho bisaba ko umuntu yitwararika neza. Amabateri menshi yerekana ibiharuro bitandukanye vy’ivyo bintu. Bateri yoshobora gukora 3C ubudasiba ariko igashigikira isonga rya 5C mu masegonda 10-30. Iryo tandukaniro rihambaye ku bikorwa bifise imizigo ihinduka, nk’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi canke amagare y’umuyagankuba akeneye guturika rimwe na rimwe kw’ububasha bwinshi.

Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) mu mabateri ya litiyumu y’iki gihe akurikirana n’umwete ibiciro vy’ugusohoka. Izo nzira zibuza kwonona mu kugabanya ubushobozi iyo transcript irengeye imipaka y’umutekano. Gutahura ivy’ubuhinga bwawe bwa BMS bituma udahingura uburyo butuma umuntu ahagarika uburinzi mu gihe c’ibikorwa bisanzwe.

Ivyuma bitandukanye vy’amabateri vyerekana ibiranga ugusohoka bitandukanye, bikaba bibereye neza ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none mu gihe ibindi bikoresho vy’ugusohoka kw’ibintu bigumaho, biri hasi.

Amabateri ya Lithium - yerekana ibikorwa bikomeye mu bipimo vyinshi vy’ugusohoka. Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’inguvu (zikoreshwa ku bushobozi) mu bisanzwe dufasha 1C isohoka, mu gihe utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amashanyarazi (dukoreshwa mu gutanga ubu) dushobora gukora 5-10C ubudasiba. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka w’2024 bwerekana ko ubuhinga bwa litiyumu nickel manganese (NMC) bwihangana n’ugusohoka kwa 3C n’ugutakaza ubushobozi buke, bikaba bituma bikundwa cane n’ibinyabiziga vy’umuyagankuba.

Bateri y’ivyuma yitwa fosphate y’icuma itanga ubushuhe bwiza cane kandi irashobora gukomeza ibiharuro vyinshi vy’ugusohoka ata n’imwe isenyutse. Gupima ku ngirabuzimafatizo za LiFePO4 vyerekana ko ziguma zifise ubushobozi burenga 95% ku nzira ya 1C, zikaja ku rugero rwa 90% ku 3C. Igitigiri cabo c’umutekano ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’ibisohoka bituma bahitamwo ibikorwa nk’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu n’amabisi y’amashanyarazi.

Amabateri y’uburongozi yerekana ko amabateri y’ubushobozi yerekana ubushobozi bwinshi ku bipimo vy’ugusohoka cane- ikintu cadondowe n’Itegeko rya Peukert. Igiharuro ca bateri 100Ah kuri C/20 (20- Izuba) gishobora gutanga 70 -75Ah kuri 1C. Inyifato y’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bwa chemistry irayigarukira kuri 0.2C (amasaha 5) canke 0.05C (amasaha 20) ku bikorwa vyinshi. Ivyuma vy’ibirahuri vy’ubu (AGM) n’imigero y’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro (AGM) biratera imbere mu buryo bumwe bumwe ariko bikaba bikiri inyuma y’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu.

Nickel -imetal hydride (NiMH) ifata hasi hagati, ishigikira ibiharuro vy’ugusohoka vya 0.2C gushika kuri 1C neza. Naho bidahuye n’ubushobozi bwa litiyumu - uburyo bwo kwizigirwa ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, imodoka z’ivyuma, n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’abaguzi ku giciro gisanzwe.

Inyubakwa yo mu mutima igira ico ikoze cane ku bushobozi bwo gusohoka. Amabateri y’imbere mu gihugu akoresha ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode afise ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu neza no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu biciye mu gutuma uguhingura ibintu bigenda neza. Isesengura rya Grepow rigereranya - n’amabateri y’urugero ku 40C y’ugusohoka kwa 40C yerekanye ko bateri y’agaciro kanini yagumye 14.5V y’umuriro n’amashanyarazi 12.5V ku rugero, yerekana ingene ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bugira ico bukoze ku bikorwa vy’ukuri- isi yose.

discharge rate

Ibikoresho bitandukanye bisaba ibiranga umuntu atandukanye cane, bikaba bituma igipimo c’ugusohoka kiba ikintu gikomeye co guhitamwo.

Ivyo binyabiziga vy’amashanyarazi bigereranya ikintu gikomeye co gusohokamwo. Gutwara imodoka mu buryo busanzwe bisaba 0.2-0.5C, mu gihe ukwihutisha canke uguduga kw’imisozi bishobora gusunika ivyo gusaba ku 2-3C muri make. Icigwa ca 2024 ku bijanye n’ugukora amabateri ya EV, casanze ugukomeza gusohoka kw’amazi ari munsi ya 0.5C mu gihe c’ingendo z’ugutwara imodoka bituma bateri zishika ku nzinguzingu zirenga 2000 mu gihe ziguma zitanga ubushobozi bukwiye.

Indege y’indege n’uguhaguruka n’uguhagarara kw’umuyagankuba (eVTOL) birategeka ivyo bisabwa cane. Ubushakashatsi bwasohowe mu Makete y’Inguvu ya ACS, bwasuzumye ibisabwa na bateri ya eVTOL, basanga igice c’uguduga gisaba ko hasohoka 15C - Amabateri ya litiyumu ya litiyumu - catter yateguwe ku 1-3C yerekanye ugusenyuka kwihuta muri ivyo bihe, bigaragaza ko bikenewe ko habaho ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bwa shimi bw’agaciro kanini.

Ibikoresho vy’ububasha vyerekana akamaro k’ubushobozi bwo gukuraho ivyuma. Igikoresho co gutera ivyatsi gishobora gukura 50-80A (10-15C ku bateri isanzwe ya 5Ah) mu gihe c’ugucukura ariko kikaba kiri ku 0.1C hagati y’ibikorwa. Guhitamwo kwa bateri bitegerezwa kubazwa ivyo bisabwa vy’agaciro mu gihe bituma umuntu ashobora gukora neza mu gihe cose co gukora. Abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga barasobanura ivyiyumviro bikomeza n’ivy’impumuro (10-second) kugira ngo bishobore gutorera umuti ico gisabwa bibiri.

Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’izuba muri rusangi bukora ku rugero ruto rw’amazi, mu bisanzwe 0.1-0.3C mu gihe c’amashanyarazi ku mugoroba. Ico gipimo c’ugusohoka mu bugwaneza kirafasha amabateri ya LiFePO4 ashika ku nzinguzingu 4000-6000 muri ivyo bikorwa. Ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwinshi vyoshobora gutuma umuntu asohoka mu 1C muri make, ariko ibiciro vy’ibintu biguma ari hasi.

Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’abaguzi vyari vyinshi cane. Smartphone akenshi isohoka ku 0.2-0.5C mu gihe c’ikoreshwa risanzwe, n’i 1-2C ishoboka mu gihe co gukina canke gufata amasanamu. Ama laptops akenshi akora mu rutonde rwa 0.3-0.7C. Ivyo bipimo vy’uburinganire n’inzira zikomeye z’ibikoresho bishobora gutwara.

Grid- Ububiko bw'inguvu buragenda burushiriza gukoresha ubuhinga bwa litiyumu- uburyo bwo gusohoka bushizwe neza ku bikorwa vy'ubuhinga. Itegeko ry’incuro risaba ubushobozi bwa 1-2C kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwishura ningoga, mu gihe ibikorwa vyo gushavura kw’isonga bikora neza ku 0.25-0.5C. Ico kigereranyo co mu 2025 kigaragaza abahinguzi b’ibintu batoranya amabateri atandukanye ku bikorwa bitandukanye vy’uruzitiro bishingiye ku bisabwa n’ugusohoka.

Gucungera igipimo c’ugusohoka biragwiza cane ubuzima bwa bateri, aho imigenzo imwe imwe itanga 50-100% vy’ubuzima ku buryo bwo gusohoka.

Uburongozi bw’ubushuhe mu gihe c’ugusohoka ntibushobora kuvugwa cane. Amabateri akora ku 25 degre 25 F) akora neza, ariko hejuru- Gusohoka kw’amazi biratanga ubushuhe bwinshi. Ivyigwa vyerekana ko ubushuhe buri hejuru ya 35℃buzimya ubushobozi bwa 2-3x ugereranyije n'ibikorwa ku 25℃. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukora mu EVs no mu bibanza vy’ububiko bw’inguvu buratuma ubushuhe buri mu rugero rwa degre 20-30 mu gihe c’ugusohoka kw’igiciro kinini.

Inkuku y’ugusohoka (DoD) ikorana n’igipimo c’ugusohoka kugira ngo igire ico ikoze ku buzima bw’ingendo. Bateri ya litiyumu - izunguruka hagati ya 20-80% y’inguvu (60% DoD) ku 0.5C ishobora gushika ku nzinguzingu 3000-4000. Iryo bateri nyene ryaraciye 0-100% (100% DoD) ku 2C bishobora gutwara gusa inzinguzingu 500-800 gusa. Gufatanya n’ugutwara amagare ataco bimaze n’ibiharuro vy’ugusohoka kw’amazi biringaniye bituma ubuzima bugenda buratera imbere.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri Mukakaro 2025 bwasohotse mu gitabu ca ACS Energy Letters bwagaragaje ko amabateri y’ivyuma ya litiyumu yungukira ku bipimo vy’uburemere bw’ivyuma n’ivy’ugusohoka. Gucagura (0.2C) bifatanye n’ugukuraho vyihuta (3C) vyatumye amabateri aguma afise ubushobozi burenga 80% inyuma y’ingendo 1000. Ivyo bimenyetso vyerekana ko gucunga igipimo c’ugusohoka bishobora mu vy’ukuri gutuma bateri irushiriza kugira amagara meza iyo ifatanye n’amategeko akwiye yo gushaja.

Gukurikirana ibicuruzwa bibuza - gutanga ivyago. Ku mabateri ya 24V litiyumu, kuguma afise umuriro uri hejuru ya 20V mu gihe c’ugusohoka bikingira utugingo ngengabuzima ivyago vyimbitse. Uburyo bwo gucunga ububiko bukwiye guca imizigo iyo voltage yegereye ibipimo bikeyi - mu buryo busanzwe 2.5V ku rugingo ku litiyumu -, canke 10V ku bijanye n’ibati 12V.

Igerageza ry’ubushobozi bw’igihimba c’umubiri ku bipimo vy’ugusohoka mu buryo busanzwe biragaragaza ko ugusenyuka kare. Igitigiri ca 0.2C gitanga ibisubizo bihuye, bigereranywa mu bipimo. Ubushobozi bugabanuka munsi ya 80% y’agaciro k’agaciro gasanzwe bugaragaza iherezo- ry’ubuzima bw’abantu ku bikorwa vyinshi, naho bateri ishobora kuba iguma itanga intumbero zidasaba cane.

Abahinguzi baratanga amabwirizwa yihariye y’ibiharuro vy’ugusohoka ku bicuruzwa vyabo. Kumara izo mpanuro - rimwe na rimwe - ishobora gutuma umuntu yihuta gusenyuka biciye mu buryo nk’ugutera litiyumu, ukubora kw’umuyagankuba, canke gusenyuka kw’ibintu. Gukurikiza ibisobanuro si ivy’umutekano gusa; ni ugutuma bateri igura amahera menshi mu myaka myinshi y’igikorwa.

Ivyiyumviro vyinshi bitari vyo ku bijanye n’igipimo c’ugusohoka kw’amazi bitera urujijo kandi rimwe na rimwe bikaba bituma bahitamwo bateri idakwiriye canke ikoreshwa.

"Ubushobozi bw'ibiharuro burakoreshwa ku bipimo vyose vy'ugusohoka" butera imbere cane abakoresha benshi. Bateri yashizweko 100Ah kuri C/20 ntitanga 100Ah kuri 2C- ishobora gutanga 85-90Ah bitewe n’ibihombo vyo mu mutima. Imisi yose urabe ku bijanye n’igipimo c’ugusohoka uwo muhinguzi asobanura ubushobozi. Amabateri ya Lithium yerekana ukuntu ibintu bihinduka bike kuruta uko vyari bimeze, ariko ingaruka ziracariho.

Gukomeza ibiharuro bikomeza n’ivy’ugutera imbere bituma haba ingorane. Bateri yitwa "100A max" ishobora gusobanura 100A mu masegonda 10 (pulse) aho kuba igikorwa gikomeza. Kugerageza gusohoka mu buryo buhoraho ku bipimo vy’impumuro birarononekaza ningoga amabateri. Soma neza ibisobanuro, uzirikane igihe co gupima amashanyarazi y’isonga.

Iciyumviro c’uko C{0}} Ivyiyumviro vyama ari vyiza kwama ari vyiza kwirengagiza uguhuza. Amabateri yagenewe cane cane ibiharuro vy’ugusohoka kw’amazi akenshi atanga ubushobozi canke ubuzima bw’ingendo. Bateri ya 50C- ishobora gufata inguvu nke kuruta 5C{7}} Bateri y'ubunini bumwe. Guhuza ubushobozi bwa bateri n’ibisabwa vy’ukuri aho gutuma ibintu birushiriza kuba vyiza.

Bamwe mu bakoresha bemera ko igipimo c’ugusohoka ataco kigira ico gikoze ku bijanye n’umuriro, kwitega ko umuriro udahinduka ataco ushizeko. Mu vy’ukuri, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuriro butuma umuriro ugabanuka bivanye n’umuriro. Bateri ya 12V yoshobora gupima 12.5V ku 5A ariko 11.5V gusa ku 50A. Iyi sag y’umuriro igabanya ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubushobozi n’ubushobozi bwo kuronka.

"Igipimo c'ugukuraho ntaco bimaze mu gushaja" ivyiyumviro bitari vyo birarenga ku nyifato ya bateri. Naho igipimo n’ugusohoka ari ibintu bitandukanye, vyose bituma habaho utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ubushuhe n’imibabaro. Amabateri afise ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gusohoka kenshi na kenshi na yo nyene arafasha gushaja vyihuta kubera ko ari vyo bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu vyose. Ariko rero, imipaka y’igipimo c’amahera y’ugusohoka n’ugusohoka ishobora gutandukanywa - yose igenzura ivyo vyose.

discharge rate

Gukurikirana neza igipimo c’ugusohoka kw’amazi bituma bateri ikoreshwa neza no kumenya ingorane za kera.

Bateri yo muri iki gihe iraharura amazi asohoka mu gihe igumaho, ikayigaragaza mu bikoresho vy’imbere. Ivyo bikoresho, bifatanye biciye ku nzira y’umuriro (isemictor y’ukuri), gereranya n’ugutemba kw’umuriro ku nzira y’umuriro kugira ngo hamenyekane uruja n’uruza rw’umuriro. Uburyo burakurikirana uguhindura ibisomwa vyose buri 1-2 amasegonda, bitanga ukuboneka mu gihe nyaco mu nyifato yo gusohora.

Guharura kw’ibara ry’umubiri bishiramwo amashanyarazi mu gihe c’igihe kugira ngo umuntu akurikirane inguvu zikuwe muri bateri. Ubu buryo butanga uburinganire bw’ukuri-boza - Kugereranya n’igihe voltage- uburyo bushingiye ku nzira z’umuriro zisanzwe mu mabateri ya litiyumu. Ivyo biharuro ni bigororotse: amp{5}} ni ho=umuyagankuba × igihe.

Ivyuma bipima ubushobozi bwo gupima ubushobozi bikoreshwa mu gupima ubushobozi bugenzurwa ku C- mu gihe igenzura umuriro, umuriro n’ubushuhe. Ivyo bikoresho ni vyo bigena ubushobozi nyabwo n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu, bikaba bihishura ubuzima bwa bateri. Igerageza ku C{3}} (mu bisanzwe 0.2C, 1C, na 2C) biranga ubushobozi bwo gusohoka mu nzira yose y'ibikorwa.

Amaporogarama ya Smartphone afitaniye isano na BMS biciye kuri Bluetooth atanga ugukurikirana neza amabateri menshi y’ubuhinga bwa none. Izo porogaramu zirerekana vy'ukuri - umuriro w'igihe, ubushobozi busigaye, kandi kenshi buvuga imbere y'igihe igihe co gukora bishingiye ku muzigo w'ubu. Amakuru afasha abakoresha gutahura ingene ibikorwa bitandukanye bigira ico bikoze ku nzira y’amazi.

Ku bijanye no kugenzura DIY, ibipimo vyinshi bifise ubushobozi bwo gupima ubu ku bikorwa vyoroshe. Ariko rero, ingero y’amashanyarazi y’umurongo isaba guca umurongo no kumenya neza ko igipimo c’amashanyarazi c’imetero kirenze umuzigo munini witezwe. Ku mitwaro iri hejuru ya 10A, ammètre y'ifarashi itanga ingero zitekanye, zidafise -.

Ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bikoresha uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru y’amakuru asohoka, umuriro n’ubushuhe mu gihe. Aya makuru y’akahise ahishura uburyo bwo gukoresha, agaragaza ibintu bidasanzwe vyo gusohokamwo, kandi ashigikira ukuntu umuntu ashobora gutunganirizwa. Abarongozi b’ububiko n’abacungezi b’ubwato bwa EV barushiriza kwizigira mwene izo sisitemu kugira ngo bashobore gukora neza amabateri afise agaciro k’amamiliyoni y’amadolari.

Igipimo c’ugusohoka kw’amazi kirenze kizana ubushuhe bwinshi kandi birashobora gutuma uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri buhagarara kugira ngo bugire umutekano. Ivyiyumviro bisubirwamwo bituma ubushobozi buhoraho butakaza biciye mu gusenyuka kwihuta, gusenyuka kw’umuyagankuba, canke kwononekara kw’ibihimba vyo mu mutima. Mu bihe bikomeye cane, cane cane n’amabateri ya litiyumu-ino abuze uburinzi, hejuru- gukuraho ubushuhe bw’umuriro{4}}a ubukene bw’uguhagarara bugatuma haba umuriro canke uguturika.

Ego, amabateri y’ubushobozi bwinshi akora iyo umuriro, ingero z’umubiri, n’ibiharuro vy’ugusohoka bihuye n’ivyo ukoresha. Bateri ya 100Ah isubirira bateri ya 50Ah ku nzira imwe itanga incuro zibiri igihe co gukora ku rugero rumwe rw’ugusohoka. Kumenya neza ko ikibanza co gushiramwo ibintu gishika ku rugero runini kandi ko ukwiyongera kw’uburemere butatuma habaho ibibazo vy’ibikorwa vy’ugutwara. Suzuma uburyo bwo gutanga amafaranga n’ubushobozi bwo hejuru.

Ibikoresho bitandukanye birafise ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gutanga amashanyarazi. Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none bikora ku bipimo bito (0,2-1C) bishimika ku bushobozi n’ubushobozi. Ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, drones, na EVs bikeneye ibiciro vyinshi (3-10C) bishira imbere gutanga amashanyarazi ku bushobozi bushitse. Amabateri y’amahera ku bipimo vy’ugusohoka bimufasha guhitamwo ibintu bikwiye ku vyo akeneye. Ikindi, ibiciro vy’ugusohoka buhoro buhoro biratanga ibisomwa vy’ubushobozi bwinshi, rero gusobanura igipimo bituma umuntu agereranya neza.

Ubushuhe bukomeye buragabanya ubushobozi bwo gusohoka cane. Ku -1℃, amabateri ya litiyumu ashobora gutanga 50-70% gusa y’ubushobozi bwavyo bwo gutanga amanota, kandi igipimo c’ugusohoka kw’amazi gikagabanuka n’ibice 30-50%. Ubushuhe bwinshi buratuma habaho ibiharuro vyinshi vy’ugusohoka mu gihe gito ariko bikaba vyihutisha gusenyuka. Amabateri menshi akora neza hagati ya 15-35℃. Ibikoresho vyiteze ko ubushuhe burengeje urugero busaba uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe canke ubuhinga bwa shimi bwagenewe canecane ubushuhe bwinshi, nka LiFePO4 canke titanate nshasha ya litiyumu.

Guhitamwo bateri ibereye bisaba ko habaho uburinganire bw’ugusohoka n’ubushobozi, ubuzima bw’ingendo, igiciro, n’ibisabwa vyo gukingira.

Gufata igipimo c’ugusohoka ku buryo buhoraho ku vyo usaba, atari ibisabwa ku rugero rwo hejuru. Igikoresho c’ubushobozi 80A mu masegonda 30 buri minota mikeyi ntigikeneye 80A gikomeza - Bateri ya 40A ikomeza n’ubushobozi bwa 80A bukora ivyo bikenewe ku giciro gito n’uburemere.

Niwiyumvire ugutemba kw’umuriro mu gihe c’ubushobozi bwa bateri. Niba porogaramu yawe isaba 24V kugira ngo ukore neza, hitamwo amabateri abungabunga iyo voltage ku rugero rw’ivyo witeze. Bateri y’izina rya 24V yoshobora kugera kuri 22V ku 2C isohoka, bishobora gutuma ibikoresho bikora.

Ivyiyumviro vy’ubuzima bw’umuzingi mu bisanzwe bifata ibiharuro vyihariye vy’ugusohoka. Ibarabara ry’amabateri 2000 ku 0.5C ryoshobora gushika ku nzinguzingu 1000 gusa ku 2C. Inyifato y'ugusohora ibintu mu giciro cose c'imibare y'ubutunzi - Bateri ihendutse isenyuka incuro zibiri nk'igiciro c'igihe kirekire cane- ijambo.

Ku mabateri ya 24V litiyumu mu bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’izuba canke vy’inyuma, 0.3-0.5C ikomeza gusohoka mu nzu ifata neza imizigo myinshi yo mu rugo. Ibikoresho binini nk’ibikoresho vyo guhindura umuyaga vyoshobora gutuma 1C isaba muri make. Ubushobozi bwo gushiramwo 2-3x umuzigo wawe utanga ivyumba vy’ugusohoka mu gihe uriko uragura ubuzima bw’ingendo biciye mu nzinguzingu z’ugusohoka ata n’imwe.

Ivyemezo vy’umutekano n’uburyo bwa BMS birahambaye cane uko ibiciro vy’ugusohoka vyiyongera. Amaporogarama y'isumbuye akeneye uburinzi bukomeye kuri - Ubu, hejuru{3}} Uburyo bwo gupima, n'imirongo ngufi. Abahinguzi bashinzwe gushiramwo amafaranga y’ubuhinga bwa BMS baratanga ibintu bitekanye kuruta uburyo bwo gukoresha ingengo y’imari, cane cane ku mabateri akora hejuru ya 1C ubudasiba.

Igiciro c’uguca mu nzira kigereranya ikintu nyamukuru kiranga amabateri agena nimba bateri ihuye n’ikoreshwa ryawe n’igihe izokora mu buryo bwizigirwa. Gutahura isano hagati ya C{1}}, amashanyarazi, ubushobozi, n’ubushobozi biraha ubushobozi bwo guhitamwo neza amabateri, ubuhinga bwiza bwo guhingura, n’ubuzima bwa bateri bushitse. Yaba gukoresha telefone ngendanwa canke imodoka ikoresha umuyagankuba, ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gusohoka n’ubushobozi bwa bateri bituma umuntu akora neza kandi afise akamaro ku bijanye n’ishoramari ryawe rya bateri.