Ni igiki Cycle y’Ivyuma?

Yari afise ihamagarwa ryo ku wa kabiri uheze n’ishirahamwe ry’intango bakora igikoresho cabo ca mbere. PM arambaza incuro zingahe abakoresha babo bashobora gusaba bateri. Nanje ndavuga ko bivana. Yashaka inomero. Naramubwiye 500, kumbure, mu bihe vyiza bitazokwigera bibaho mu murima.

Ico ni co kibazo kiri mu nzira z’ugusohoka. Ico ciyumviro carapfuye vyoroshe ariko kugishira ku bikoresho vy’ukuri biragoranye.

Bateri yawe ntiharura igiti-. Iraharura ubushobozi. Gufata 100% y’ubushobozi bw’amazina kandi iyo ni uruziga rumwe. Bikore mu foto imwe canke uyishire mu ndwi imwe y’ibisohoka vy’ibice - igisubizo kimwe.

18650 yicaye mu muco wawe ubu nyene yoshobora kuba iri ku nzira ya 47 canke 212. Keretse iyo umaze gukurikirana amp- Ni kose uzi mu vy’idini, nta ciyumviro ufise. Ico gice ntazi. Nta n’agace gatoyi kari imbere. BMS yawe igereranya ishingiye ku guharura kw’amaraso, n’uguharura ibihimba vy’umubiri. Nakuye amapaki aho igitigiri c’ingendo cavuzwe cari kizimye n’ibice 30% ugereranyije n’ugukura kw’ikirangamisi nyavyo.

Samsung SDI yarasohoye amakuru mu mwaka w’2019 yerekana ko utugingo ngengabuzima twabo 21700 twateye 83% vy’ubushobozi ku nzira ya 300 mu gihe c’igerageza ryavyo. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa NCR twavuye mu gihe kimwe twari nk’ibice 78% ku 300. Ivyo biharuro vyavuye mu vyumba vy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku 23 degre 23 na CC{9}}CV y’ugucapura ku 0.5C no gusohoka ku 1C gushika kuri 2.5V. Igiciro cawe kizohinduka kubera ko ikibazo cawe co gukoresha atari icumba c’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Abantu bose muri iyi nganda bavuga ku bijanye n’uburebure bw’ugusohoka nk’uko ari ubwoko bumwe bw’ubupfumu. Inzinguzingu z’ugucika intege ziragwira ubuzima, inzira z’imbere z’imbere zica ingingo z’umubiri vyihuta. Ni ukuri bihagije. Ariko ubucuti si co abantu benshi biteze.

Nakoresheje umugambi wo ku ruhande muri 2021 ngerageza kubigereranya ku mukiriya w’ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi. Twarafashe utugingo ngengabuzima 200 tuva mu kibanza kimwe, tugaca tuyagabanya mu mirwi, maze tugaca tuyihindura ku rugero rwa DoD rutandukanye mu mezi umunani. Itsinda rya 100% rya DoD ryari ryihweje 380. Itsinda rya 60% rya DoD ryari rikiriho ku rugero rwa 88% ku rugero rwa 900 rwuzuye. Itsinda rya 30% rya DoD ryerekanye ko ryasenyutse na gato inyuma y’umwaka.

Ariko ng’ibi ivyo ibiharuro vy’amakuru bitazokubwira. Gusaza kw’ikalenda vyariko birarya mu mirwi yose ku rugero rumwe ataco bimaze ku bijanye n’ugutwara amagare. Mu kwezi kwa cumi, mbere n’ingingo z’umubiri twakoze cane zari zatakaje ubushobozi 4-5% gusa kwicara ng’aho ku 50% vy’amahera y’ibarabara mu cumba c’amadegre 25. Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri vyari bikomeye vyariko birakubitwa bivuye ku nzira zompi - ugutera imbere hamwe n’ugukura kw’ikirangamisi hejuru y’ibindi.

Rero iyo umukiriya wawe abaza igituma babiri - umwaka{1}}} igikoresho kitamara igihe kirekire naho "bagikoresha gusa" - ni co gituma.

Discharge Cycle

Nfise agasandugu k’ingingo mu garage yanje nkoresheje bateri y’ikarita ya golf yamaze icuma gitatu mu nzu y’i Tucson. Nyir’uwo munyamasyo yarahiye gusa akoresha iyo igare kumbure kabiri mu kwezi. Pack yashizwe mu nzira 2000. Yapfuye ku 160. Utugingo ngengabuzima twari tumeze neza hanze. Ipfutse n’uruzitiro rwa jelly rwari rufise amabara y’inzobe ku bijanye n’ugutandukanya. Electrolyte yari yaraboze igice.

Ubushuhe bwica utugingo ngengabuzima twa litiyumu. Si vyihuta nk’igihe gito. Muzima, nk’ugusiga amavuta hanze ku ruhande.

Ubucuti bwa Arrhenius buguha nk'igipimo c'ugusenyuka kw'ibice 2 ku rugero rwa degre 10 buri hejuru ya degre 25 . Ariko ivyo ni umubare usanzwe mu vy’ubuhinga bwa shimi. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa NMC nagerageje twagabanutse cane. LFP yarafashe neza. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukoresha ku bikoresho bishobora kwambara turarushiriza gutahura kuruta utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umubiri n’ubuhinga bumwe kuko ubushuhe buri hasi kandi duca dushuha.

Gusohoka mu mazi birababaza ariko ntibisenyuka. Utakaza ubushobozi mu gihe gito. Bigaruka iyo ingingo isusurutse. Nasohoye utugingo ngengabuzima ku -1℃yatanze gusa 61% y’ubushobozi bwo gupima, hanyuma tukareka gushuha ku bushuhe bwo mu cumba maze nca nronka 3.2Ah yuzuye ku rubavu rukurikira. Gucapura ubukonje ni umwicanyi - litiyumu ashira ku ruzitiro. Ukwo kwonona ni uguhoraho. BMS nyinshi zifunga gushaja munsi ya 0℃kubera iyo mvo nyene.

Ivyo bihimba vyose biva ku vyo bita litiyumu kuva ku nzira y’ibara ry’agahama gushika ku cathode. Igiciro cose kirabatera. Kora ibi ibihe bihagije n’ibintu bitangura gusenyuka.

Igipande ca SEI kiri ku ruzitiro. Ico gice gikwiye kuba kiri ng’aho - gikingira graphite ku nzira y’amashanyarazi. Ariko ikura uko urugendo rwose, kandi ukura bisigura ko ari litiyumu ishobora kubika inguvu. Ni co gituma ubushobozi buzimangana mbere n’igihe ata kintu gikomeye kibaye.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa cathode duca dusaduka. NMC na NCA cathodes zifise imiterere y’amabuye y’agaciro igwira kandi igakora amasezerano uko litiyumu yimukiramwo no gusohoka. Micro - Igishushanyo. Ibarabara ry’imbere riragwira. Ivyiyumviro vyo ku ruhande biragenda vyihuta. Nabonye umusaraba - ibice vy’ibice vya katode biva hejuru- y’inkoranyabumenyi isa n’ibirahuri bimenetse munsi y’imikorosikope ugereranyije n’ingingo nshasha zivuye mu gice kimwe.

Ico gikoresho gimenagurika. Amazi y’urugendo atera ingorane. Inguvu nyinshi zirahutira gutera imbere. Uheza ugaca utera gazi, ukwiyongera kw’uguhagarara, maze amaherezo akagingo ngengabuzima kakavyimba canke utugingo ngengabuzima.

Nta na kimwe muri ivyo kiba kimwe. Utugingo ngengabuzima turi mu ruzitiro vyawe bishushe cane canke vyatanguye n’imyaka y’ubushobozi buke gatoyi. Inyuma y'umwaka umwe canke ibiri, pack yawe "yuzuye" ntiyigihuye. Utugingo ngengabuzima dugoyagoya buragabanya umugozi wose ku bijanye n’ugusohoka kandi tukarengera kugerageza kuguma ugenda. Urupfu ruva ng’aho.

IEC 62660 n’ingingo ngenderwako zitandukanye za UL ziguha urufatiro. Ivyo ubigarure kandi ushobora kwohereza igicuruzwa. Ariko nabonye utugingo ngengabuzima dufata icemezo c’ivyemezo hanyuma nkaza mu murima ugaruka haciye amezi atandatu n’ibipfunsi vy’umubiri.

Ivyo bigeragezo vy’icemezo vyagenewe gukoreshwa mu ma laboratwari mu ma laboratwari, atari kugira ngo bigereranye ikoreshwa ry’ukuri. Nta n’umwe akoresha telefone yiwe ku 0.5C ihoraho. Nta n'umwe asaba igikoresho cabo c'amashanyarazi ku CC{3}} C'Urugendo rwa 25℃.

Niba ufise umutima ukunze wo gutahura ingene pack yawe izokora, ukeneye kwubaka porotokole y’igerageza ihuye n’umukoresha wawe nyawe. Guhishura umuriro witeze ko witega. Nimushiremwo ibihe vy’ikiruhuko. Hit ubushuhe burarengeje urugero igicuruzwa cawe kizobona. Niwiruke utugingo ngengabuzima duhagije kugira ngo umuntu aronke ukwizigira - kandi ivyo bisigura nibura 15-20 ku bijanye n’ikigeragezo, atari 3-5 benshi mu batanguje igikorwa bagerageza guhunga.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twananirwa mu gihe c’igerageza hakiri kare cari gifise utunenge two gukora. Ivyo bihumanya ku nzira y’ubuhinga bwa electrode, ubuhumane, ni bibi ku ma tabs. Ivyo bizoza mu bihe 50 vya mbere. Utugingo ngengabuzima tudakora neza - ivyo ni vyo bikubwira ikintu ku bijanye n’umugambi wawe.

Ushobora kubara ubuzima bwitezwe bwitezwe nimba uzi urutonde rw'abakoresha bawe. Telefone ifata buri musi, kumbure iraheza ikagera kuri 20% ku rugero rwa mwayeni imbere yo gushiramwo - iyo ni nk’inzinguzingu 0,8 ku musi. Mu buzima bw’umwaka bubiri bw’umwaka, uriko uraba inzira 580. Iyo utugingo ngengabuzima twawe dufise ubushobozi bwo gukora 500 gushika ku 80%, uzotangura kubona ibirego hafi y’ukwezi 18.

Ni co gituma Apple na Samsung barengeje urugero rw’amapaki yabo ugereranije n’ubushobozi bwamenyeshejwe. "100%" ubona kuri telefone yawe si 100% y'ivyo utugingo ngengabuzima dushobora gufata. Baguma bafise umugozi wo hejuru no hasi kugira ngo bagabanye umubabaro ku ngirabuzimafatizo. Telefone yawe yoshobora kuba ifise ubushobozi bwo ku mubiri 4500mAh ariko iyo porogarama igureka gusa ukoresha 4000mAh.

Iciyumviro kimwe nyene kirakora ku kintu ico ari co cose. Ushobora gutera ubuzima bwawe bw’ingendo n’ingingo nziza - ivyo bikaba bigura vyinshi - canke ushobora kubikubita mu gushiramwo ubushobozi bw’inyongera no gukoresha utugingo ngengabuzima tworoha. Ihitamwo rya kabiri rikunda gutsinda ku giciro cose iyo ufashe mu gufata garanti.

Discharge Cycle

Inzinguzingu ni uburyo gusa bwo gupima ukuntu wambara. Cokimwe n’ibilometero odometer ku modoka, ariko ubucuti buri hagati y’ibilometero n’ubuzima busigaye ni ugutera ubwoba. Ipaki zibiri ku nzinguzingu 300 zishobora kugira ubushobozi butandukanye rwose bivanye n’ingene zashitseyo.

Abahinguzi b’ingingo bazoguha igitigiri cabo. Akazi kawe kariko karamenya ingene ivyo biharuro bihindura igicuruzwa cawe n’abakoresha bawe. Nta nzira y’ivyo. Ugerageza, urarungika, uraba amakuru y’itongo, kandi urahindura.