Ni igiki Meza y’Ubushobozi bw’Ubushobozi bw’Ubushobozi?
Guhindura mu mibumbe y'ibintu
Ubu ibikoresho vya katode vyakoreshejwe cane ni ahanini birimwo imiterere y’imirongo ya LiMO2 (aho M{1}}Co, Ni, Mn), imiterere y’umubiri wa LiMn2O4, n’imiterere ya LiFePO4. Utitaye ku mibumbe, igihe ions litiyumu zikuramwo cathode, kugira ngo amashanyarazi agume mu kintu, ikintu c’icuma kirahinduka ata kabuza ku rugero rwo hejuru, rujana n’uburyo bwo guhindura inzira. Impinduka z’impapuro akenshi zituma habaho uguhinduka kw’inzira, rero uko ions za litiyumu iguma itera imbere kandi igakuraho mu bintu, ihinduka ry’inzira rirabandanya, kandi mu gihe kirekire, rizotera ingorane ku bijanye n’ugushikama kw’amabuye y’agaciro. Ugereranije n’ivyo bikoresho, ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma budangana buterwa n’uguhinduka kw’inzira n’uguhinduka kw’imiterere y’ibintu vyinshi vy’ibikoresho vya katode biragira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwa bateri. Graphite ifise imiterere y’ibintu. Iyo ari ibipande vyinshi bikomeye, ions litiyumu zifatanya n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri mu gihe co gushaja amabateri maze zifatanye n’ama elegitoroni atwarwa n’umurongo w’inyuma kugira ngo bibe graphite y’amabuye, kandi ivyuma bifatanya n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri (interlalay) biragwira muri ico gihe; mu gihe c’ugusohoka, iyoni y’i litiyumu iva mu nzira y’ibara ry’ibara ry’agahama maze irekurira elegitoroni ku nzira y’inyuma, igaca mu nzira y’ugukuraho n’uguhinduka kw’imitsi, kandi aho interlayer igabanuka muri ico gihe.
Gukuraho Ibikoresho Bikora
Ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho vya katode vyerekeye inzira aho ibintu bikora buhoro buhoro bigabanuka kubera ugusenyuka mu gipfukisho c’umuyagankuba. Ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho vya katode ku bushuhe bwinshi ni kimwe mu bituma ubushobozi bwa bateri bubora, cane cane kugira ingaruka nyinshi ku bikorwa vy’ingendo n’ubushobozi bwo kubika amabateri ku bushuhe bwinshi. Ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma bihinduka mu bihe bimwebimwe ni ingorane iriho mu bikoresho vyose vya LiMO2. Impamvu nyamukuru zituma ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho bikora bituma ubushobozi bwa bateri bugenda burasenyuka ni: $\\textted {1}$ Ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma bituma habaho ukugabanya kw’ibikoresho bikora, bigatuma ubushobozi bwa bateri butakaza; $\\textted {2}$ Ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho vya katode bituma imiterere y’ibintu isenyuka be n’uguhingura ibintu bidakora ku ruhande rw’ibice, ivyo bikaba bibuza gutwara ions za litiyo mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode; $\\textted {3}$ Ivyo bikoresho vyatowe umuti vy’ivyuma biri mu kwimuka kw’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba ku nzira y’ivyuma biri mu gipande c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (electrolyte) hanyuma bikabishira ku ruhande rw’ivyuma mu buryo bw’icuma canke umunyu mu buryo buke, kandi ivyo bipande biragira ico bikoze ku gushikama n’uburemere bwa filime ya SEI ku ruhande rwa anode, bikaba bituma habaho ukwiyongera kw’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’imbere. Ku bw’ivyo, ingaruka z’ugusenyuka kw’ibintu zikora ku gikoresho c’umuyagankuba ntiziva gusa ku gusenyuka kw’amazi ariko kandi ziva ku ngaruka mbi nyinshi zazanywe n’ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma bihinduka.
Gushira mu ngiro kwa Lithium Ions
Mu guhingura amabateri ya litiyumu - ubushobozi bwa bateri muri rusangi ni bwinshi gatoyi kuruta ubw’iyo cathode, kandi n’iyon za litiyumu zishobora gusubirwamwo na zo nyene zitangwa n’ivyo bita cathode. Ku bw’ivyo, uguhuza n’ugukuraho ions za litiyumu hagati y’ivyo bita cathode n’anode ni vyo bigena ubushobozi bwa bateri. Mu gihe c’ugucapura n’ugusohoka kwa mbere, filime ya SEI irashirwa ku ruhande rw’ibara ry’agahama. Ibice nyamukuru vy’iyi filime y’ugukuraho ni ibintu bitandukanye bitagira ubuzima nka Li2CO3, LiF, Li2O, Li2O n’ibihimba bitandukanye vy’ibinyabuzima nka ROCO2Li, ROLi, na (ROCO2)2Li. Gutyo, ions zimwe zimwe zitwa litiyumu zirakoreshwa, kandi iyo nzira y’ugutakaza ubushobozi ntishobora gusubira inyuma. Ivyo anode ikora birafitaniye isano cane n’imiterere n’ugushikama kwa filime ya SEI, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhingura filime ya SEI idahinduka ku ruhande rwa anode ifise ingaruka zitari - ingaruka zishoboka ku bijanye n’ugukora kwa bateri. Ivyo guhingura filime ya SEI birya ions z’ivyuma bita litiyumu bifise aho bigarukira muri bateri. Iyo filime ya SEI iguma yononekaye mu gihe c’ingendo, rero inyishu y’uguhinduka kw’umubiri ku nzira ya anode/electrolyte izoguma ibaho kugira ngo ibe filime nshasha ya SEI. Ivyo bikoresho bikoresha ivyuma vy’ivyuma bita litiyumu bifise bike bitangwa n’ivyo bita cathode biri muri iyo nzira, kandi ukugabanya ions za litiyumu zikora bituma ubushobozi bubora. Igabanuka ry’iyon za litiyumu mu gipimo c’umuyagankuba bituma habaho ukugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara ivyuma, kandi ukubura ions za litiyumu mu bikoresho vya katode bituma habaho ukudahuza hagati y’ivyo bikoresho bibiri vy’ubuhinga bwa none.
Kwongerekana kw'Ukumenyana kw'Imbere
Mu gihe c’igihe kirekire - ijambo ry’ibati, ukwiyongera kw’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu ni imvo ihambaye y’ukubora ubushobozi. Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma habaho ukwiyongera kw’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu, cane cane mu mice ibiri: $\\textted {1}$ Ivyiyumviro vy’uguhinduka kw’ivyuma bibaho ku nzira y’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi/ikoreshwa ry’umuyagankuba mu gikoresho co guhangana n’umuyagankuba, bituma habaho ukwiyongera kw’uburemere bw’ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa electrode, n’ukudashikama kwa film ya anode SEI, iguma ikora amafilime mashasha yo ku ruhande mu gihe c’ingendo, mu gihe c’ingendo, vyose bikaba vyiyongera n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amabati; $\\textcircled{2}$ The dissolution of metal ions in the cathode into the electrolyte, and the dissolved ionized metal ions migrate to the anode through the electrolyte and deposit on the anode surface in the form of metal or salt, resulting in increased electrode polarization. Ikindi, ubushakashatsi bwarerekanye kandi ko ugusenyuka kw’umukoraniriza hamwe kw’ubu na kwo nyene gushobora gutuma habaho ukwiyongera kw’ubudahangarwa bw’imbere, ariko iyo ngaruka ni nto cane mu gihe c’imbere y’uko uwukoraniriza hamwe akora. Ukwo kwiyongera kw’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu mu mutima bituma uburemere bw’inguvu n’ubushobozi bugabanuka, cane cane ku bijanye n’anode, inyishu ibaho ku nzira y’amashanyarazi/electrolyte ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma anode ikura.
