Ni ibihe vyiyumviro vy’ishimikiro vyo gupima n’uburyo bwo kugeragezwa n’amabateri y’amashanyarazi?

Ni ibihe vyiyumviro vy’ishimikiro vyo gupima n’uburyo bwo kugeragezwa n’amabateri y’amashanyarazi?

Ivyiyumviro vy'ishimikiro n'uburyo bwo gupima Ububasha

Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi vy’inguvu z’ubuhinga bw’imiti birimwo ubushobozi, umuriro, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu, ukwitanga, ubushobozi bwo kubika, ubushobozi bwo kubika, n’ibindi. igerageza, ubushobozi bwo kubika n'ukwigira - gutanga igerageza, igerageza ry'ubuzima, igerageza ry'imbere mu mutima, igerageza ry'umuvuduko w'imbere, n'igerageza ry'umutekano, n'ibindi.

Dufatiye ku bijanye n’ikoreshwa ry’imodoka nyayo, urutonde rw’ibipimo bikwiye gukoreshwa mu modoka bikorwa n’ibati ry’amashanyarazi rikoreshwa ku modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba nk’ikintu c’igerageza, nk’iki: ubushobozi bwo guhagarara, gutahura ubushobozi bw’inguvu, ikigeragezo c’ubushobozi bwo gutangura, igerageza ry’ubushobozi bwo gukangurira, igerageza ry’ubuzima bw’inzira, ikigeragezo c’uguhungabana kw’inguvu, kumenya ubushobozi bw’ugusohoka, kumenya ubushobozi bw’ibice, igerageza ry’ubushobozi bwo gukora, igerageza ry’ubushobozi bwo gukora, n’ibindi.

(1) Ubushobozi bw'ubushobozi . Intumbero ihambaye y’iki kigeragezo ni ukumenya ko bateri y’amashanyarazi ifise ubushobozi bwo gukoresha n’inguvu zihagije iyo imodoka iriko irakoreshwa nyako, kandi ishobora gukora mu buryo busanzwe mu gihe c’ibipimo bitandukanye vy’ugusohoka n’ubushuhe. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kugerageza ni igerageza ry’ugusohoka buhoro mu gihe c’ubushuhe buhoraho, kandi ugusohoka kw’ugusohoka kurahera iyo umuriro w’ibati ry’amashanyarazi ugabanuka ku gaciro kashizweho canke ukuntu utugingo ngengabuzima tumwe turi muri bateri y’amashanyarazi (itandukaniro ry’amazi) ushika ku gaciro.

(2) Ugutahura ubushobozi bw'ubushobozi bw'umubiriMu gihe c’ugukora kw’ikinyabiziga c’umuyagankuba, ubushuhe bwo gukoresha n’uburemere bw’isohoka ry’ibati y’amashanyarazi birakomeye. Ico kigeragezo kimenya cane cane ubushobozi bw’ibati y’amashanyarazi mu gihe c’ugusohoka kw’inguvu, ivyo bikaba bigaragara cane cane mu nguvu no mu bushobozi ku bushuhe butandukanye no ku rugero rw’ugusohoka. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kugerageza ni ugukora igerageza ry’ibikorwa vy’ugusohoka kw’ibati ry’amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa none bwategekanijwe canke ubuhinga bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa none bwakoranijwe mu vy’ukuri mu gukoresha iyo modoka. Ivyo igerageza ry’igerageza rihindurwa hakurikijwe uko ibintu vyifashe be n’ibiranga bateri y’amashanyarazi, ariko mu vy’ukuri rikurikira urugero rw’ugutemba kw’umuriro ku gaciro kanaka. Ubwo buryo burashobora kwerekana neza kandi butagiramwo amahinyu ivy’ikoreshwa nyavyo ry’ibinyabiziga vy’umuyagankuba.

(3) Ikigeragezo cizaIntumbero y’iki kigeragezo ni ukumenya ubushobozi bwo gutakaza bateri y’amashanyarazi iyo butakoreshwa mu kiringo kinaka, ivyo bikaba bikoreshwa mu kwigana ibintu aho imodoka y’umuyagankuba idatwara igihe gito kandi bateri isigaye yuguruye. Igerageza ry’ubuhinga rizwi kandi nk’igerageza ry’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga n’ububiko, ryerekeza ku bushobozi bwa bateri bwo kubungabunga umuriro waryo ubitswe mu bidukikije bimwe bimwe iyo biri mu gihe c’ugufungura.

(4) Ikigeragezo c'ububasha bwo gutangura Kubera ko ubushobozi bwo gutangura bw’imodoka ari bwinshi cane, kugira ngo imodoka imenyere mu bihe bitandukanye, ibipimo vy’ububasha bwo gutangura bikorwa ku gipande c’amashanyarazi ku bushuhe buke ($−18\\text{℃}$) n’ubushuhe bwinshi ($50\\text{℃}$). Ico kigeragezo, congereyeko mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba, muri rusangi na co nyene gishirwaho n’agaciro ka SOC kugira ngo hamenyekane ubushobozi bwo gusohoka bwa bateri ku bihe bitandukanye vy’ugushaja. Ibigeragezo rusangi ni ibipimo vy’ububasha vyakozwe ku madolari 90\\%, $50\\%$, n’amadolari 20\\%$ SOC.

(5) Igerageza ry'ubushobozi bwo gushazaIntumbero y’iki kigeragezo ni ugugerageza ubushobozi bwo gushaja bwihuta bwa bateri mu gukora ibipimo vy’ugucapura vyinshi ku bijanye n’ugushaja ku bateri y’amashanyarazi, no gusuzuma ubushobozi bwayo, uguhingura ubushuhe, n’ingaruka ku bindi bintu. Ku bijanye no gushaja vuba, igipimo ca USABC kigamije kuza SOC yo gusubirana kuva ku madolari 40\\% y’amadolari 80\\% y’amadolari 15\\text{min}$. Ubu, urutonde rwashizweho n’ishirahamwe rya CHAdeMO ry’Ubuyapani risaba ko gukoresha bateri y’amashanyarazi y’umuyagankuba ku madolari 10\\text{min}$ ishobora gutuma imodoka igenda amadolari 50\\text{km}$; n'ugucagura amadolari arenga 30\\text{min}$ ishobora kwemeza ko imodoka igenda amadolari 100\\text{km}$.

(6) Igerageza ry'ubuzima bw'umubiriUbuzima bw’ingendo bwa bateri buragira ico buhinduye ku buzima bw’ubutunzi bw’ikoreshwa rya bateri. Iyo ubushobozi nyabwo bwa bateri buri hasi y’amadolari 80\\% y’ubushobozi bwa mbere canke ubushobozi bwo gupima, bateri y’amashanyarazi ifatwa ko yashitse ku mpera y’ubuzima bwayo. Uburyo nyamukuru bukoreshwa muri iki kigeragezo ni ugukora ingendo z’ugukuraho n’ugusohoka mu bihe bimwebimwe, hakoreshejwe umubare w’ingendo nk’urutonde rw’ubuzima bwayo. Kubera ko igihe co gupima ubuzima bw’amashanyarazi ari kirekire cane, ikigeragezo muri rusangi kimara amezi menshi canke mbere umwaka. Ku bw’ivyo, mu bikorwa vy’ibikorwa, uburyo bwo kumenya umubare w’ingendo z’igerageza, gupima ubushobozi bwo gusenyura ubushobozi, hanyuma ugakora ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bishingiye kuri ayo makuru akenshi bikoreshwa mu gupima. Mu bijanye n’ubushakashatsi, kugira ngo igihe co gupima ubuzima bw’amashanyarazi kigabanye, inyigisho na zo nyene ziriko zirakorwa ku kwihutisha ugukura kwa bateri mu kwongerera ubushuhe bwo gupima no gutanga/gukuraho ibipimo vy’inguvu kugira ngo bigerageze ubuzima bw’amabateri y’amashanyarazi n’amapaki y’amabateri y’amashanyarazi.

(7) Igerageza ry’umutekano .Ibikorwa vy’umutekano vy’ibateri ni ugusuzuma ingorane zishobora guterwa n’abantu n’ibikoresho bishobora guterwa n’ububiko n’ugukoresha amabateri yo kubika. Cane cane iyo bateri ikoreshwe nabi, inguvu zihariye zikoresha inguvu zituma ibikoresho vyo mu mutima vyateri bikora kugira ngo bishobore gushikirwa n’ibintu vyinshi canke vy’imiti bituma haba ubushuhe bwinshi. Iyo ubushuhe budashobora gukurwaho mu gihe, bushobora gutuma haba ubushuhe buhunga. Uguhunga kw’ubushuhe birashobora gutuma bateri ikomera, igatanga gaze ishobora kwaka, igaca, igasaduka, ikajana n’umuriro, bigatuma haba impanuka z’umutekano. Mu nzira nyinshi z’amashanyarazi, umutekano w’amabateri ya litiyumu - ni ikintu gihambaye cane. Ibintu bisanzwe vyo gupima umutekano ku mabateri y’amashanyarazi yerekanwa mu ndome 6-1.

Imbonerahamwe 6-1 Ibimenyetso vy'Umutekano Bisanzwe vy'Ibikoresho vy'Inguvu

(8) Igerageza ry'Ivyiyumviro vy'IbateriIntumbero y’iki kigeragezo ni ukumenya ingaruka z’ugunyiganyiga n’uguhungabana kenshi biterwa n’amabarabara ku bijanye n’ingene amabateri y’amashanyarazi n’amabateri y’amashanyarazi ameze. Igerageza ry’ugunyiganyiga bateri risuzuma canecane ukuntu bateri y’amashanyarazi ishobora guhungabana (pack) kandi rikoresha ivyo nk’ishimikiro kugira ngo riyobore imiterere y’imiterere y’ibati ry’amashanyarazi (pack). Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ugunyiganyiga mu kugerageza ukunyiganyiga: ukunyiganyiga kw’ibintu canke ukunyiganyiga kw’ibintu bitari vyo. Kubera ko amabateri y’amashanyarazi akoreshwa cane cane mu modoka, ukunyiganyiga kw’imburakimazi muri rusangi gukoreshwa kugira ngo bigereranye neza uko bateri ikora neza.

Ivyo bivugwa haruguru ni ibisabwa muri rusangi gusa ku mabateri y’amashanyarazi (amapaki). Ivyo bipimo vyihariye n’ibisabwa vy’ikigeragezo bizohinduka bivanye n’ubwoko bw’ibati y’amashanyarazi. Imbonerahamwe 6{3}}2 yerekana ibisabwa n’umutekano n’uburyo bwo kugerageza amabateri ya litiyumu-ion n’uburyo bukoreshwa mu modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba.

Imbonerahamwe 6-2 Ibisabwa n'Ibisabwa n'Uburyo bwo gupima ku bijanye n'Imibumbe y'Imibare n'Imirongo y'Ivyuma

Iciyumviro: Imbonerahamwe 6-2 ahanini ivuga GB/T 31467.3-2015, GB/T 2423.43-2008, GB/T 2423.56-2018, na GB/T 28046.1-2011.