Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amazi ni iki?

Ivyuma vy’amabara ni ivyuma vy’amabateri vy’umurongo w’inzira y’amabateri y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma canke vy’ivyuma. Igishushanyo cavyo gisanzwe, kimeze nk’agasanduku-kituma gishobora guterwa neza mu bice vy’amabateri, bikaba bitandukanye n’ibice vy’amabateri bikoresha amabara y’umuriro azunguruka mu bipfukisho vy’amabateri.

Imbere mu bihimba vy’umubiri bita prisma, amabara y’ivyuma agizwe n’ivyuma bita anode, cathode be n’ivyuma bitandukanya, ararundanywa mu bipande canke akazingirizwa agaca apfutse. Ivyo bituma abahinguzi bashobora guhingura utugingo ngengabuzima tunini tw’umuntu ku giti ciwe tubika inguvu nyinshi ku kintu kimwekimwe cose ugereranyije n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri bimeze nk’ibiziga. Igikoresho kimwe c’umuyagankuba gishobora kubamwo inguvu zingana n’iz’ibice 20 gushika ku 100 vy’umubiri, ivyo bikaba bigabanya cane igitigiri c’amashanyarazi akenewe mu bikoresho vy’amabateri.

Ukwubaka utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ibara ry’agahama bikurikira uburyo bubiri nyamukuru. Utugingo ngengabuzima twiterekanye dufise ibice vy’amabara y’umuriro bishizwe hejuru y’ibindi, mu gihe utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amabara y’umuriro twizingirije dukoresha amabara y’umuriro akomeretse mu buryo bw’uruzitiro rusanzwe imbere y’uko afatanywa mu gipfukisho c’umurongo w’inzira. Igishushanyo cose gitanga ubucuruzi bwihariye- hagati y'ubushobozi bwo gukora n'ibiranga ibikorwa.

Inyuma y’ivyuma canke aluminium bikora ibikorwa vyinshi birenze ukwikingira kworoshe. Itanga ubukomezi bw’imiterere, igenzura umukazo wo mu mutima mu gihe c’ingendo z’ugusohora, kandi ifasha mu gukuraho ubushuhe. Igitutu c’igipfukisho gipima nk’iminota 1,1 ku bipfukisho vy’aluminium, ivyo bikaba bihuza uburinzi n’uburemere. Uwo mugozi ukomeye uratandukanya utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ibara ry’agahama n’utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amasaho, dukoresha ivyuma vy’aluminium bishobora guhinduka.

Gukoranya ama electrode bisaba ko umuntu akora neza. Mu miterere y’ibintu vyinshi, amabara yose y’anode arahuza n’umuyagankuba, nk’uko nyene amabara yose ya cathode akora, imbere y’uko yinjira mu gipfukisho. Rolled designs umuyaga electrode ibipande ku jig, hanyuma akabipfuka kugira ngo bishike ku ntumbero y’umurongo w’inzira. Guhitamwo hagati y’ubwo buryo biragira ico bikoze ku bijanye n’uburemere bw’inguvu, ubushobozi bw’ubushuhe be n’ubushobozi bwo gukora.

Prismatic Cells

Igishushanyo c’umurongo w’inzira kiratanga iterambere rikomeye ry’ubushobozi bwo gupakira. Iyo zitunganijwe mu bice vy’amabateri, utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amabateri turakuraho ibihengeri vy’umuyaga biva mu mibumbe y’utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amabateri. Ivyo bisobanura uburemere bw’inguvu z’uburemere bwinshi-mu bisanzwe 600-700 Wh/L ugereranyije na 500-600 Wh/L ku nsoro z’umubiri.

Ku bikorwa vy’imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba, ivyo gutuma ikibanza kigenda neza biragaragara ko ari ngirakamaro cane. Mubateri y'imodokaamapaki mu bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyungukira ku bushobozi bw’ingingo z’umubiri zishobora kubika inguvu nyinshi mu nyubakwa z’ibinyabiziga zifise uburenganzira. Abahinguzi barashobora guhingura ibibanza vy’amabateri bikoresha hafi sentimetero kibe yose, bikaba bituma imodoka ishobora gukora neza ataco yongera.

Amaterambere aherutse kuba aratuma iyo mipaka irushiriza kure. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa GM na LG Energy Solution bifise litiyumu manganese-, biteguwe gukoreshwa mu bikorwa vy’ubudandaji mu 2028, vyerekana ko bifise ubushobozi bwinshi ku rugero rwa 33% ugereranije n’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’i litiyumu ku giciro kigereranywa. Iryo terambere ry’ibikamyo vy’amashanyarazi bisaba urugendo rw’ibilometero birenga 400 mu gihe bigabanya amahera akoreshwa mu gukoresha amabateri.

Ugukoranya amabateri biragabanuka cane n'utugingo ngengabuzima twa prismatique. Ipaki isaba utugingo ngengabuzima 100 tw’umubiri woshobora gukenera gusa utugingo ngengabuzima 5-10 tw’umubiri kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku bushobozi bungana. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukeyi bisigura ko hariho amabara makeyi, ahantu hashobora gusenyuka hakeyi, n’igihe co gukora kigabanuka.

Ubwubatsi bwo guhuza umuyagankuba buratandukanye cane. Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ibara ry’agahama dufise amabara y’iherezo ku ruhande rwo hejuru canke ku mpera, bikaba bishoboza guhuza ibintu bigororotse canke bikurikirana. Ubuhinga bwo gukora ibintu bugezweho, nk’uburyo bwa ENNOVI bwo gutera intambwe imwe -, bufatanya imirongo y’amashanyarazi y’umuriro muto, ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’aluminiyumu vy’amashanyarazi menshi, n’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’iherezo mu gikorwa kimwe. Ivyo bishasha birakuraho intambwe nyinshi zo gukoranya mu gihe bituma umuntu ashobora kwizigirwa.

Ariko rero, ukwo kwibanda ku kintu kuratuma umuntu agira ingorane. Naho amapaki y’utugingo ngengabuzima ashobora kubandanya akora n’ubushobozi buke iyo utugingo ngengabuzima tumwetumwe tudakora, iyo utugingo ngengabuzima tumwetumwe tudakora neza, birashobora kugira ico bikoze ku gice cose. Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri butegerezwa gutanga uburinzi bukomeye ku gice cose kugira ngo kigabanye iyo ngorane.

Gukuraho ubushuhe birazana ivyiza n’ingorane ku ngirabuzimafatizo z’amabara. Ivyo bibanza bininibinini kandi bisongoye biratuma umuntu ashobora gukorana ata guca ku ruhande n’ibipande vyo gukonjesha canke uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe. Abahinguzi barashobora gufatanya ibintu bikonjesha ku maso y’ingingo, bikaba bishoboza gukura ubushuhe neza mu gihe co gushaja vyihuta canke gusohora ubushobozi bwinshi-.

Yamara rero, uguteranya ibintu bikomeye bituma inguvu zirushiriza kuba nyinshi na vyo nyene biratuma ubushuhe buguma bwibandako. Utugingo ngengabuzima twinshi tw’ibara ry’agahama dufatanye turashobora gutera imbere mu bijanye n’ubushuhe iyo uburyo bwo gukonjesha butakora neza. Ivyicaro bishushe biva aho ubushuhe bwirundanira ningoga kuruta uko ubushuhe bugenda burakwiragira. Uburongozi bw'ubushuhe buteye imbere buraba ikintu gihambaye cane, cane cane mu bikorwa vy'ubushobozi bwinshi-.

Mu bisanzwe, utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umubiri twungukira ku bihengeri biri hagati y’ibice, ivyo bikaba bituma umuyaga ushobora gukonja ataco ukora. Ivyiyumviro vy’ubuhinga bwa none bisaba inyishu z’ugukonjesha-ibikoresho vyo gukonjesha vy’amazi, ibikoresho vyo guhindura inzira-, canke ibikoresho vy’ubushuhe vy’ubuhinga bwa graphene-. Abahinguzi bamwebamwe ubu barashiramwo ibikoresho bihindura inzira-imbere mu bipapuro vy’amaprisma, bagafata ubushuhe mu gihe c’ingendo z’ugushaja vyihuta maze bakaburekura buhoro buhoro inyuma y’aho. Ivyitegererezo vya mbere biguma bikora neza ku bushuhe bwo mu nzu bugera kuri degre 45, ubushuhe bwo mu mutima bukaba buri munsi ya degre 5 ku bipimo vy’ugusohoka kw’amazi biri munsi ya degre 5.

Ubuhinga bwo gukora utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amaprismatic burasigaye inyuma y’uguhingura utugingo ngengabuzima tw’icylindre. Ivyiyumviro vy'imirongo nka 18650 na 21700 vyungukira ku myaka mirongo y'ubuhinga bwo gukora bushingiye ku rugero, bikaba bishoboza gutanga umusaruro munini -n'uburyo buhoraho. Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ibara ry’agahama ntitugira ingingo ngenderwako z’imiterere y’isi yose-hatarimwo ivyerekeye VDA PHEV2 bimenyerewe mu bikorwa vy’imiduga vyo mu Budagi.

Ukwo kutagira urugero bisigura ko utugingo ngengabuzima twinshi tw'ibara ry'umuhondo dukorewe ibikorwa vyihariye. Abahinguzi barahingura ibipimo bidasanzwe, ubushobozi, n’imiterere y’ibikoresho kugira ngo bashobore gushitsa ivyo abakiriya basaba. Naho ukwo guhinduranya bishoboza gukorana neza, biraduza ibiciro kandi bikongera igitigiri gitoyi c’amategeko. Igerageza n’icemezo bitegerezwa kurangira umuntu ku giti ciwe ku buryo bumwe bumwe bwo guhingura.

Ugukora neza bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore guteranya canke guteranya ama electrode, birongereza ubugoyagoye bwo gukora. Ivyumba bitegerezwa gutunganirizwa neza kugira ngo ntihagire imirongo miremire yo mu mutima. Gucungera uburyo bigenda birasaba cane ugereranije n’uburyo bukomeye kandi bukoreshwa n’ubuhinga bwa none bw’ingingo z’umubiri zifise ibara ry’umubiri. Ivyo bituma habaho ibiciro vyinshi ku -ibintu, naho ubutunzi bw’urugero bugenda buragabanya buhoro buhoro uko umubare w’ibikorwa wiyongera.

Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’imbere dukeneye gufatwa hanze kugira ngo tugume dukora neza mu buzima bwavyo bwose. Uko utugingo ngengabuzima turiko turashaja, iyoni za litiyumu zica zija muri anode ya graphite, ivyo bikaba bituma uburebure bwazo bwaguka. Silikoni-anode zikomeye zituma iyo nzira y’ukuvyimba ikomeza cane. Hatariho umukazo uhoraho uhagaze ku ndege z’amashanyarazi, ibice birashobora gusenyuka, bikagabanya ahantu hakorera n’ubushobozi bugabanuka.

Ivyuma vy’amabateri bikoresha inguvu z’intango zikikuje 3kN ku masahani y’iherezo y’ibice vy’umubiri vy’imiterere ya PHEV2. Uwo muvuduko utuma ibice vy’amashanyarazi biguma bikorana mu gihe cose c’ingendo y’ugusohoka kw’amashanyarazi, bikabuza urushe rw’ubuhinga n’uguca ibice. Ivyiyumviro vy’ibice bitegerezwa gutanga ibisabwa mu ntango vyo gukomera be n’ugukomera kw’iherezo ry’ubuzima.

Imfuruka zisongoye z’ingingo z’umubiri zifise uburebure bw’inzira zigereranya utugingo ngengabuzima dufise intege nke. Ivyo bice vyibanda ku mibabaro y’ubuhinga iva ku kunyiganyiga n’ugukubitwa. Ivyumba vy’uburinzi bitegerezwa gukingira neza utugingo ngengabuzima, cane cane mu bikorwa vy’imodoka aho gukomera mu bihe vy’ubushuhe bukaze no mu mibereho y’inzira bigaragara ko ari ngirakamaro. Ico gipfukisho gikomeye kiratanga uburinzi bumwebumwe, ariko muri rusangi ntigikomeye cane nk’inkomezi z’ubuhinga z’ingingo z’umubiri.

Prismatic Cells

Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’imbere dushobora kwakira imiti itandukanye ya litiyumu-ion, imwe yose ikaba ibereye gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’i litiyumu bifatanya neza cane n’uburyo bw’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama. Bateri za LFP zikoresha ibikoresho vyinshi, bizimvye-zirinda cobalt na nickel-zimvye-mu gihe zitanga ubushuhe bwiza cane n’ubuzima buramba bw’ingendo burenze inzinguzingu 3.000.

Nickel manganese cobalt na nickel cobalt aluminium na vyo nyene biraboneka mu mibumbe y’ibishushanyo, bikaba vyerekeye ibikorwa bisaba uburemere bwinshi bw’inguvu. Uguhinduranya uburyo bituma abahinguzi bashobora guhitamwo neza ubuhinga bwa shimi ku bijanye n’ibisabwa vy’ibikorwa vyihariye ata gusubira guhingura ubuhinga bwose bw’amabateri.

Ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba ni vyo bikoreshwa cane cane mu masoko yo muri Aziya aho abahinguzi bashira imbere utugingo ngengabuzima twa LFP. Izo bateri zikoresha imodoka za Tesla zakozwe mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’izindi modoka nyinshi. Ubushobozi bw’ikibanza n’ivyiza vy’igiciro vy’iyi format bihuye n’ubutunzi bwa EV. Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu ku bikorwa vyo ku rugero rw’uruzitiro-n’ugushiramwo inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo na vyo nyene birakunda utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ibara ry’agahama kubera ko tudashobora gukomera, ubuzima buramba, n’ingorane z’umuriro zigabanuka ugereranije n’ibindi bikoresho vy’uruzitiro.

Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none bikoresha utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto mu bikoresho nka telefone ngendanwa, tablette, na laptop aho imirongo mikeyi yerekana ko ari ngombwa. Ivyuma vy’ubuvuzi, uburyo bwo gusubiza inyuma amatelefone, n’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi bitagira imigozi bigereranya amasoko y’inyongera akoresha ivyiza vy’iyo nzira.

Igihe usuzuma ubwoko bw’utugingo ngengabuzima twa bateri, ibipimo vyinshi bishobora gupimwa birasobanura ibiranga ibikorwa. Ivyuma bita prismatique bitanga ubushobozi buva kuri 20Ah gushika kuri 300Ah ku cellule. Ivyuma vy’umubiri bishobora gushika hafi 5-6Ah ku mice isanzwe nka 21700, naho nyene ivyuma vya Tesla 4680 bishika hafi 25Ah.

Uburemere bw'ububasha bugaragaza ubucuruzi-kuvaho. Ivyuma vy’umubiri bishika ku 1.500 W/kg, bikaba vyungukira ku guhuza cane kw’isaha ya amp-. Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amazi dushika ku 1.000-1.200 W/kg, dushira imbere ububiko bw’inguvu kuruta gutanga inguvu mu kanya nk’ako gukubita. Ivyo bituma utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umubiri dukunda cane ibikorwa bikora cane bisaba gusohora inguvu vyihuta, mu gihe utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umubiri dukunda cane ibikorwa bisaba ubushobozi buhoraho.

Inguvu z’uburemere bw’isi zikunda utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umubiri ku 260 Wh/kg ugereranyije na 200 Wh/kg ku miterere y’ibintu vy’umubiri. Itandukaniro rikomoka ku bisabwa vy’ibikoresho vyo gupfuka-ibice vy’umubiri bikeneye inkuta zikomeye cane kugira ngo bishobore gusubiza inyuma ugushikama kw’ubuhinga kugabanutse ugereranyije n’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga. Ariko rero, uburemere bw’inguvu z’uburemere burahindura iyo ntumbero, n’ingingo z’umubiri zikoresha neza ikirere.

Igihe c’ubuzima bw’ingendo kirahindagurika bivanye n’ubuhinga bwa shimi n’ingene bikora aho gushingira ku buryo bw’ingingo ngenderwako gusa. Ubwo bwoko bwompi burashobora kurenga inzinguzingu 2.000 iyo burongowe neza. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa LFP twa Prismatic dukunda kurenga inzinguzingu 5.000 mu bikorwa vyiza. Igitandukanya nyamukuru kiri mu kuntu ibintu vyo hanze-ugucungera ubushuhe, ibipimo vy’amashanyarazi, uburebure bw’ibisohoka-bigira ico bikoze ku buzima buramba.

Ubutunzi bwo guhingura buragira ico bukoze cane ku guhitamwo uburyo bw'ingingo ngenderwako. Ivyuma vy’imirongo vyungukira ku bikorwa remezo vy’uguhingura bikomeye no ku gushinga urugero, bikaba bituma igiciro c’amasaha -kilowatt- kigabanuka iyo bihinguwe ku rugero. Ivyo bikoresho vy’uguzunguruka vyikora be n’imyaka mirongo y’ugutunganya biratuma umuntu ashobora gutanga umusaruro wihuta kandi udahinduka.

Ibiciro vyo gukora utugingo ngengabuzima twa Prismatic biguma ari vyinshi kubera ibisabwa vyo guhindura ibintu nk’uko umuntu abishaka be n’uko bidakoreshwa cane. Ariko rero, ubutunzi bwo ku rugero rwa system-burashobora gushigikira ingingo z'umubiri. Utugingo ngengabuzima duke kuri buri paki tugabanya igikorwa co gukoranya, tworosha uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri, kandi tugabanura igitigiri c'amabuye y'agaciro. Ku bikorwa binini -nk'ibikamyo vy'umuyagankuba canke ububiko bw'uruzitiro, ivyo bishobora gukuraho ibiciro vyinshi vy'amatelefone.

Amafaranga y’ibikoresho vya mbere aragira ico akoze ku buryo bwompi kimwe, naho amahitamwo y’ubuhinga bwa shimi ahambaye kuruta imiterere y’ingingo. Ihinduka ry’ubuhinga bwa LFP mu bihimba vy’umubiri bikoresha manganese n’icuma vyinshi aho gukoresha cobalt na nickel bike, bishobora kugabanya ibiciro vy’ibikoresho n’ibice 20-40% ugereranyije n’ubuhinga bufise nickel nyinshi.

Amafaranga yo gupima no gutanga icemezo yongera ku mafaranga y’ibihimba vy’umubiri iyo imigero idafise urugero. Buri buryo bwihariye busaba kwemezwa butandukanye, kwongera umwanya-ku -isoko n'amahera yo guteza imbere. Utwigoro tw'inganda two gushika ku rugero runini twoshobora kugabanya iki kinogo, naho nyene ubu ihinduka ry'isoko rikunda gukoresha-ugutuma ibintu bigenda neza kurusha uburyo bwose.

Umutekano wa bateri ugizwe n’uburyo bwinshi bwo kunanirwa-uguhunga kw’ubushuhe, imirongo miremire y’imbere, ukuvuza kw’amazi, n’ukwonona kw’ubuhinga. Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’imbere (prismatiques) turatorera umuti ingorane zimwe zimwe mu gihe tuzana izindi. Ico gipfukisho c’icuma gikomeye kiratanga uburinzi bwiza ku gutoboka hanze ugereranije n’ingingo z’imifuko, naho nyene gitanga inkomezi nkeyi z’ubuhinga kuruta imigero y’imirongo.

Ubushobozi buhambaye ku gice kimwekimwe cose bushiramwo inguvu nyinshi mu gice kimwe. Iyo ingingo imwe y’ibara ry’agahama idakora neza, birashobora kurekura inguvu nyinshi kuruta iyo ingingo y’umubiri idakora neza. Ariko rero, utugingo ngengabuzima dukeyi twose turi mu gipapuro turagabanya igitigiri c’ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu adakora neza. Ukwo gucuruza-guhagarika bisaba gutegura neza uburyo bwo gucunga bateri kugira ngo hakurikiranwe umuriro, ubushuhe, n’ingene umuriro w’igice kimwekimwe cose gikoreshwa.

LFP chemistry mu ngingo z’umubiri zitanga inyungu z’umutekano zisanzwe. Litiyumu iron phosphate yerekana ubushuhe bwiza cane ugereranije n’ubuhinga bwa nickel-cobalt, n’ingorane nke zo guhunga ubushuhe mbere n’igihe umuntu akoresheje nabi. Ivyo bikoresho ntibirekura umwuka w’ikirere mu gihe c’ukubora kw’ubushuhe, bikagabanya ingorane z’umuriro. Ivyo bituma utugingo ngengabuzima twa LFP dukwegera cane cane ku bikorwa vyo kubika ibintu aho umutekano usubirira ibisabwa vy’uburemere bw’inguvu.

Abahinguzi bashiramwo ibintu vyinshi vyo kwirinda-ibikoresho vyo gukuraho umuvuduko, ibikoresho vyo guhagarika umuriro, amafuzi y’ubushuhe, n’ibitandukanya umuriro-ibigabanya umuriro. Uburyo bwo gucunga bateri buratanga umurongo wa mbere wo kwikingira, bukabuza gushaja cane, gusohoka cane-, no gushikirwa n’ubushuhe burenze urugero bishobora gutuma habaho ukunanirwa.

Isoko ry’isi yose ry’ingingo z’umubiri ryerekana inzira zikomeye z’iterambere. Ivyiyumviro vy’isoko biva ku madolari 7,5 miliyaridi gushika ku madolari 12,5 miliyaridi mu 2024, n’ibiharuro bizoshika ku madolari 35,2 miliyaridi mu 2033. Ivyo bigereranya ibipimo vy’iterambere ry’umwaka hagati ya 9,5% na 15%, bishingiye ahanini ku kwemera imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba no kwagura ububiko bw’inguvu zishobora gusubirwamwo.

Aziya-Pasifike ni yo igenzura umusaruro, ikaba ifise hafi 45-70% vy’umusaruro kw’isi yose. Ubushinwa ni bwo burongoye ubushobozi bwo gukora, abakinyi bakuru harimwo CATL, BYD, na LG Chem bakoresha amahinguriro manini manini akora utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amashusho ku rugero runini. Ihinguriro rya Northvolt ryo mu Buraya riri muri Norvege, rigamije gutanga ubushobozi bwa 60 GWh ku mwaka mu 2024, rigereranya uruganda runini rw’amabateri ya litiyumu-ion hanze ya Aziya.

Ivyiza bishasha vy’ubuhinga birabandanya kwihuta. Iterambere ry'amabateri akomeye-risezeranya uburemere bw'inguvu nyinshi n'umutekano mwiza, n'imiterere y'amabara y'ibara ry'agahama (prismatic) ishobora kwakira ivyuma bikomeye vy'amashanyarazi. Ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa silikoni, ibikoresho vyo gucungera ubushuhe bwa graphène be n’ubuhinga buteye imbere bw’ubuhinga bwa cathode buzofasha mu guhingura utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ubuhinga bwa prismatique.

Ikarata y’inzira y’amabateri y’inganda z’imiduga irarushiriza gushiramwo utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amabara. Volkswagen iteganya gukoresha utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umuyagankuba mu 80% vy’ibinyabiziga vyayo vy’umuyagankuba mu mwaka w’2025, igashira mu ngiro uburyo butatu bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa shimi -LFP, manganese{4}}based, na nickel-rich-kugira ngo igiciro n’ubushobozi bibe vyiza mu bice vyose vy’ibinyabiziga. Ubu buhinga bwo guhindura ibintu butandukanye buratuma abahinguzi bashobora guhuza ivyerekeye amabateri n’ivyo imodoka zikeneye ata guhindura uburyo bwo kuzigurisha.

Impaka y’ivy’ubuhinga bwa prismatique n’ivy’ubuhinga bwa cylindrique nta n’inyishu ifise kw’isi yose. Igishushanyo cose kiraruta ibindi mu bihe vyihariye. Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’umubiri turabereye ibikorwa bisaba ubushobozi bwinshi, uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ubushuhe be n’ubukomezi bw’ubuhinga. Ibikoresho vy'amashanyarazi, e-amapikipiki, n'ibinyabiziga bikora neza cane bikoresha inyungu zavyo. Gushiramwo ibintu bimwe bimwe bishoboza gusubiramwo vyihuse umugambi no gutora ibice.

Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ibara ry’agahama tugaragaza ko ari two twiza cane aho ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza umwanya, ubushobozi bwinshi ku ntumbero imwe imwe, n’ugugabanya igiharuro c’uguhuza bituma habaho agaciro. Ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba binini-, uburyo bwo kubika amakuru, n’ububasha bwo gusubiza inyuma ivy’itumanaho birangukira kuri ivyo bimenyetso. Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingero z’ibikorwa vyihariye burashoboza gukorana neza n’ubwubatsi bwa sisitemu.

Abahinguzi b’amabateri bararushiriza gukoresha uburyo butandukanye, bagahitamwo uburyo bw’amabateri bishingiye ku gice c’imodoka be n’ingene ikoreshwa. Ibinyabiziga vyerekeye ubushobozi-bishobora gukoresha utugingo ngengabuzima tw'umubiri kugira ngo bibe n'ububasha bwinshi. Mass-isoko ry'ibinyabiziga vy'umuyagankuba vyibanda ku rugero n'ubushobozi bw'igiciro bikunda utugingo ngengabuzima tw'umuyagankuba. Ivyuma n’ibinyabiziga vy’ubudandaji bisaba kubika inguvu nyinshi mu bipimo bitahinduka bihitamwo imiterere y’ibinyabuzima.

Impinduka z’isoko zisaba ko haba ugukomeza kubana aho kuganza uburyo. Ivyo gutera imbere mu bijanye n’uguhingura, ugutera imbere mu vy’ubuhinga bwa shimi, no kugabanya ibiciro bizobandanya bihuye ku bwoko bwompi. Ihitamwo ryiza rivana n'ikoreshwa-ivy'imbere vyihariye-uburemere bw'inguvu, uburemere bw'ububasha, igiciro, ubuzima, umutekano, n'imiterere y'ibintu.

Prismatic Cells

Ubusanzwe, utugingo ngengabuzima tw’amazi dushobora kumara igihe c’imirongo 2.000 gushika ku 7.000 bivanye n’ubuhinga bwa shimi be n’ingene dukora. LFP prismatic cells akenshi zirenga 5.000 cycles zifise uburyo bwiza bwo gucungera ubushuhe no kwirinda gusohoka kure cane munsi ya 20% y’ivyo zifise. Ubuzima bw’ingendo buhinduka imyaka 5-10 mu bikorwa vyinshi.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa prismatique dufasha gucagura vyihuta hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gucunga ubushuhe. Ivyuma vyinshi bishobora kwakira 1C gushika kuri 2C, bisobanura ko bishobora gushaja vyose mu minota 30-60. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha buteye imbere bukoresheje ibikoresho bikonjesha amazi canke bihindura inzira birabuza ubushuhe kwiyongera cane mu gihe co gushaja vyihuta, bikaba bituma utugingo ngengabuzima tugira amagara meza kandi tukagira umutekano.

Ibiciro vy'utugingo ngengabuzima ku bice vy'ibara ry'umubiri birenze utugingo ngengabuzima tw'umubiri kubera guhindura uko umuntu ashaka n'ugukoresha ubuhinga buke. Ariko rero, ibiciro vy'urugero rwa sisitemu-bishobora gufasha imigero y'ibishushanyo biciye mu kugabanya igikorwa co gukoranya n'ibihimba bike. Igiciro cose c'ubutunzi kivana n'ibikorwa-ibintu vyihariye harimwo ubunini bw'ibikorwa, uburemere bw'ugushiramwo, n'ubushobozi busabwa.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa prismatique turashobora gusubirwamwo bimwe bishitse. Igipfukisho c’aluminium canke c’icuma gishobora gutandukanywa no gutunganirizwa ata bikoresho bikora. Litiyumu, kobalte, nikele na manganese birashobora gusubirwamwo maze bikagaruka gukoreshwa mu mabateri mashasha. Ibikorwa remezo vyo gusubira gukoresha ibintu bishaje birabandanya kwaguka kugira ngo bishobore guhangana n’ingero z’amabateri ziriko zirakura zivuye mu modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba be n’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu zishika ku mpera y’ubuzima.