Ni ibiki biranga no gusohora?
Uruhande n'gusohoraibiranga
Amabateri ya Lithium- mu bisanzwe akoresha uburyo bubiri bw’ugucapura kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukingira, kwizigirwa, n’ubushobozi bwo gushaja. Intambwe ya mbere ni umuriro udahinduka n’ugugabanya umuriro, kandi intambwe ya kabiri ni umuriro udahinduka n’imipaka y’umuriro. Igitigiri c’umuriro co hejuru co gushaja litiyumu - irahindagurika bivanye n’ibikoresho vya katode. Ibara ry’umuriro ry’ishimikiro ry’umuriro w’umuriro w’ibara ry’agahama - Bateri yerekanwa ku gishushanyo 3{9}}11. Ivyo bigobe biri muri uwo mubare bikoresha umuriro w’umuriro/ugukuraho umuyagankuba wa C/3. Ku mabateri atandukanye ya litiyumu-ion, itandukaniro nyamukuru ni incuro zibiri:
1) Agaciro keza k’amashanyarazi gahoraho ku ntambwe ya mbere gatandukanye bivanye n’ibikoresho vya katode vya bateri be n’ingene bikora. Muri rusangi, hakoreshwa urutonde rwa 0.2C gushika kuri 0.3C. Mu gihe umuntu akoresha ubushobozi bwihuta, 1C, 2C, canke mbere n’ibiciro vyinshi birashobora gukoreshwa.
2) Amabateri atandukanye - yerekana itandukaniro rikomeye mu kiringo c’ubu, n’uburinganire bw’ubushobozi bushobora gushazwa n’amashanyarazi ahoraho na yo nyene iratandukanye cane. Uvuye ku bijanye n’ugukoresha imodoka zikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba, ibisubizo vy’igihe kirekire vy’igihe kirekire mu gihe gito co gushaja, ivyo bikaba ari ngirakamaro cane ku bikorwa.
Igitero ca Lithium - umuriro wa bateri irashikamye kandi iragabanuka buhoro buhoro mu ntambwe za mbere no hagati z’ugusohoka, ariko iragabanuka ningoga mu ntambwe za nyuma, nk’uko vyerekanwa mu gice ca DE c’Igishushanyo 3{2}}11. Gucungera neza ni ikintu gihambaye cane muri iyo ntambwe kugira ngo ntihagire ivyonona birenze urugero kandi bidashobora gusubira inyuma.
Ibintu bigira ico bikoze ku bimenyetso vyo gushaja
(1) Ingaruka za .gukura umuriroku bimenyetso vy’ugucapura Gufata lithium imwe imwe y’i NCM- iyo bateri ifise ubushobozi bwa 242A·h nk’akarorero, mu bihe vya SOC{2}} n’ubushuhe buhoraho bwa degre 20 , hakoreshwa ibipimo bitandukanye vy’ugushaja vyakoreshejwe mu gushaja. Ivyavuye mu bipimo vyerekanywe mu ndome 3-1 kandi umurongo wo gushaja werekanwa ku gishushanyo 3-12.
Imbonerahamwe 3-1 Gushiramwo ibipimo vy'ibiharuro bitandukanye
| Ubu/A(Igiciro) | CC- C'Igihe cose | Gukomeza ubu/s | Urugendo rwose rwa ChargedCapacity/Ahu | Inguvu zose za Chargegess/Whe | Ubushobozi bw'ubu/A·h | Inguvu z'Inguvu z'Inguvu z'Inguvu/Whe | 170A·hTime/s | 170A·hCurrent/A |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.84/(0.02C) | 182220 | 182220 | 245.74 | 942.54 | 245.74 | 942.54 | 127400 | 4.85 |
| 12.1/(0.05C) | 72318.5 | 72318.5 | 243.70 | 935.37 | 243.70 | 935.37 | 50400 | 12.11 |
| 24.2/(0.1C) | 36206.8 | 35800 | 243.20 | 935.77 | 241.03 | 926.69 | 25200 | 24.24 |
| 48.4/(0.2C) | 18317.5 | 17560 | 241.08 | 933.32 | 236.32 | 912.16 | 12600 | 48.44 |
| 80.7/(0.33C) | 11443.6 | 10490 | 243.50 | 946.27 | 235.29 | 910.08 | 7590 | 80.76 |
| 121/(0.5C) | 7936.6 | 6900 | 243.92 | 952.95 | 232.09 | 900.85 | 5110 | 121.09 |
① CC, Umukozi w’Ivyiyumviro; CV, Voltage.
Nk’uko vyerekanwa mu ndome ya 3-1, igihe c’ubu kigumaho kiragabanuka buhoro buhoro uko umuriro w’ugushaja uriko uragenda urushiriza, n’ubushobozi n’inguvu bishobora guterwa mu gihe c’umuriro uhoraho na vyo nyene biragabanuka buhoro buhoro. Gufata ubushobozi bwo gushaja n’ugukuraho 1/2 (ni ukuvuga SOC{6}}%) nk’urugero, igihe co gushaja gikenewe kiragabanuka uko umuriro wo gushaja uriko uragwira; igihe gikenewe kuri 0.1C ni nk’incuro 5 ku 0.5C. Muri iyo nzira, itandukaniro ririho ubu ryo gukomeza gushaja ni rito, rero igihe co gushaja ku 30A·h ca nyuma ntigitandukanye cane. Ku bw’ivyo, mu gihe c’umuriro w’ugushaja, kwongereza ubushobozi bwo gushaja, naho nyene kugabanya ubushobozi n’inguvu bishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe c’umuriro uhoraho, bifasha kugabanya igihe co gushaja muri rusangi. Mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none, umuriro ushobora gukoreshwa mu gushaja ushobora gukoreshwa mu gushaja, kandi umaze gushika ku rugero rw’umuriro, gushaja umuriro uhoraho. Ivyo bigabanya umwanya wo gushaja mu gihe co gutuma umuntu agira umutekano. Ariko rero, kwongera umuriro w’ugushaja na vyo nyene bizotuma inguvu zigabanuka kubera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibati. Inguvu zikoreshwa mu guhangana n’imbere ziharurwa hakurikijwe ingano (3-4).
Aho E ari inguvu zikoreshwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’imbere;
r ni ubushobozi bw’imbere bw’ibati;
t ni umuhinduzi w'igihe co gushaja;
Ni jewe ngira umuriro w’ugushaja;
t₁ na t ni ibihe bihe vyo gutangura n’ivyo guhera.
Igerageza ryinshi ryerekanye ko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amabateri ya litiyumu - ahinduka mu 0,4 mΩ mu gihe co gushaja. Ku bw’ivyo, ingano (3-4) yerekana ko inguvu zikoreshwa kubera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amabati mu vy’ukuri bifitaniye isano n’igihe co gushaja, ariko zikaba zifitaniye isano n’umuyagankuba. Mu gihe c’ubu nyene bwo gushaja, ubunini bw’umuriro w’ugushaja ni co kintu nyamukuru gitera inguvu inguvu zo guhangana n’inguvu zo mu mutima; umuyagankuba mwinshi wo gushaja utuma umuntu akoresha inguvu nyinshi. Mu gihe c’umuriro uhoraho, inzira y’amashanyarazi make, igihe co gushaja kuba ikintu nyamukuru gitera inguvu inguvu zo guhangana n’inguvu zo mu mutima; igihe kirekire co gushaja bituma umuntu akoresha inguvu nyinshi. Turavye uburyo bwo gushaja bwose, kubera ko umuriro w’ugushaja ufise isano ry’ibice bine n’ugukoresha inguvu z’imbere mu mutima kandi ni co kintu nyamukuru kigigirako, umuyagankuba munini wo gushaja utuma habaho inguvu nyinshi zo guhangana n’indwara. Mu gukoresha amabateri, umuriro ubereye wo gushaja ukwiye gutorwa mu kwihweza neza igihe co gushaja n’ingene bikora.
(2) Ingaruka z’Igice c’Ivyiyumviro ku bijanye n’Ibiranga Gucapura Ibiranga Mu bushuhe buhoraho bw’ibipimo 20 , igerageza ry’ugusohoka ryakozwe kuri NCM lithium - Bateri ifise ubushobozi bwa 66.2 Ahu. Bateri yasohotse ku rugero rwa 0.5C ku burebure butandukanye bw’ugusohoka kw’amazi (DOD) (10%→100%), ihuye n’Igihugu c’Ibara (SOC) c’ibice 90%→0%. Amakuru y’ibicu, ubu, n’ubushobozi bw’ubushobozi bwanditswe mu gihe c’ugusohoka. Inyuma yo kuruhuka iminota 60, iyo bateri yaragiriwe ku rugero rwa 0.5C (CC). Igihe umuriro wo guca ushika, uburyo bwo gushaja bwahindukiye buja ku nguvu zidahinduka (CV). Igihe umuriro wari munsi ya 0.05C, iyo nzira yarahagaritswe, kandi amakuru y’umuriro, amashanyarazi, n’amakuru y’ubushobozi yaranditswe. Amakuru akwiriye yerekanwa mu ndome 3{19}}2. Ivyuma vy'amashanyarazi vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo 3-13.
Imbonerahamwe 3-2 Ivyagezwe vyo gushaza ku rugero rutandukanye n'urwo rw'urugendo
| SOC | DOD | Gusohora | Igiciro | Bangana - Ubushobozi bw'ubushobozi bw'inguvu‐/Whuh | Bangana -UbushoboziInguvu z'ubushobozi‐/W·h | ChargingTime/min | Gukomeza ubu | Ubushobozi bw'ubu/A·h | Ubushobozi bw'igihe c'igihe co gushaja‑ amakuru | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ubushobozi/Ahu | Inguvu/Whu | Ubushobozi/Ahu | Inguvu/Whu | ||||||||
| 80.00 | 20.00 | 13.35 | 54.03 | 13.48 | 55.88 | 27.94 | 27.02 | 41.13 | 33.50 | 12.32 | 3.05 |
| 70.00 | 30.00 | 20.02 | 80.16 | 19.99 | 82.08 | 27.36 | 26.72 | 59.23 | 50.83 | 18.69 | 2.96 |
| 60.00 | 40.00 | 26.69 | 105.62 | 26.61 | 108.19 | 27.05 | 26.41 | 77.72 | 68.50 | 25.19 | 2.92 |
| 50.00 | 50.00 | 33.36 | 130.42 | 33.27 | 133.61 | 26.72 | 26.08 | 96.02 | 86.67 | 31.87 | 2.89 |
| 40.00 | 60.00 | 40.04 | 154.61 | 39.95 | 158.50 | 26.42 | 25.77 | 114.18 | 104.83 | 38.55 | 2.86 |
| 30.00 | 70.00 | 46.71 | 178.38 | 46.61 | 182.97 | 26.14 | 25.48 | 132.28 | 123.00 | 45.22 | 2.84 |
| 20.00 | 80.00 | 53.38 | 201.73 | 53.26 | 207.07 | 25.88 | 25.22 | 150.40 | 141.00 | 51.84 | 2.82 |
| 10.00 | 90.00 | 60.05 | 224.45 | 59.92 | 230.62 | 25.62 | 24.94 | 168.47 | 159.17 | 58.52 | 2.81 |
1 Inguvu zingana-Inguvu z’Ubushobozi: Inguvu zakoreshejwe mu mpinduka imwe ya SOC (nk’akarorero, 10%). Nk’akarorero: iyo ubushobozi bwo gushaja ku 90% DOD ari 30Wh, inguvu zingana - Ubushobozi ni 30Wh. iyo ubushobozi bwo gushaja ku 80% DOD ari 50Whe, ingufu zingana na zo - Inguvu z’ubushobozi bw’ubushobozi ni 25Whe.
②ngana - Ubushobozi Buvuyeho Inguvu: Inguvu zisohoka mu mpinduka imwe ya SOC (nk’akarorero, 10%).
③ Igihe co Gucungera Igihe ku Ubushobozi bw’Igice /min: Igihe co Gucapura / Ubushobozi bwo Gucapura.
Kuva ku mbonerahamwe 3-2 n’igishushanyo 3-13, imyanzuro ikurikira ishobora gukwegwa:
1) Kubera ko igihe co gushaja kigenda kirushiriza, igihe co gushaja kiragwira, ariko igihe co gushaja ku bushobozi bwo gushaja kugabanuka, bisobanura ko ukwiyongera kw’igihe co gushaja kudahuye n’uburebure bw’ugusohoka.
2) Kubera ko amazi agenda arakura, igitigiri c’igihe co gushaja gihoraho ku bijanye n’ukwiyongera kw’igihe co gushaja, n’igipimo c’ubushobozi bwo gushaja buhoraho kugira ngo ubushobozi bwo gushaja busabe bwiyongera. Mu vy’ukuri, ivyo biranga biterwa ahanini n’ibintu bibiri: ica mbere, uburebure bwimbitse bw’ugusohoka busaba igihe kirekire kugira ngo bashireko amahera yose; ica kabiri, uburebure bwimbitse bw’ugusohoka buhuye n’urugero rw’umuriro rwo hasi, ivyo bikaba bituma inguvu nkeyi zishirwa muri bateri iri mu gihe kimwe c’umuriro n’igihe co gushaja.
(3) Inkurikizi z’ubushuhe ku bijanye n’ugucapura Ibiranga Lithium - amabateri yashizwe mu bushuhe butandukanye bwo mu karere. Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa 66.2 A·h NCM litiyumu- ni nk’akarorero, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhagarika umuriro uhoraho n’uburyo bwo guhagarika umuriro. Ivyiyumviro vy'ugucapura vyanditswe n'umupaka w'amashanyarazi ari 1.3 A na 3.3 A, nk'uko vyerekanwa mu ndome 3{11}}3. Mu gihe c'umuriro umwe, umuriro w'ibati uzoshikirwa n'itonde ryiza, nk'uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo 3-13. Ariko rero, kubera ko umuriro uguma uri hejuru cane, inguvu z’ugusohoka ziracari nyinshi. Mu ntambwe y’intango y’ugusohoka, inguvu zikoreshwa n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibateri zo mu mutima zituma bateri irushirizaho, bituma igikorwa gikora neza, kandi kigatuma haba umuriro w’ibati, gutyo bigatuma inguvu zishobora kurekurwa. Mu ntambwe zo hagati n’inyuma y’ugusohoka, umuriro w’ibati uragabanuka, inguvu zisohoka ku gihe ku gihe zigabanuka bivanye n’ivyo.
Ku bushuhe bumwe kandi n’inguvu imwe y’iherezo ry’ugusohoka, amashanyarazi atandukanye y’ugusohoka kw’amazi azotuma habaho itandukaniro mu bushobozi n’inguvu zisohoka. Muri rusangi, mu gihe c’ubushuhe busanzwe, uko umuriro ugabanuka, ni ko ubushobozi n’inguvu birushiriza gusohoka. Nk’uko biri mu ngeragezo yo gusohokamwo yavuzwe haruguru, 0.2C irekura ubushobozi n’inguvu nyinshi kuruta 1C.
