kW ku kWh Igiharuro: Gutahura Inguvu n'Inguvu
Umuyobozi w’ivy’ugugura ibintu wo mu kibanza co kubikamwo ibintu bikonje co muri Michigan yaraduhamagaye mu kwezi guheze. Yashaka gusubirira amabateri yiwe y'ivyuma vy'amabuye y'agaciro-aside n'amabateri y'amabuye y'agaciro, kandi yari amaze gukora umukoro wiwe wo muhira. Ubwoko bwa. Yaraharuye ko ama forklift yiwe akoresha nk’amashanyarazi 4kW mu mwanya, akora amasaha 6 ku shift, rero yari akeneye amabateri y’amashanyarazi 24kWh. Gukubita vyoroshe.
Keretse ama forklift yiwe ntiyari agitera ama shift yuzuye. Tumaze guca mu makuru yiwe nyayo y’ibikorwa, igisabwa nyaco carasohotse hafi y’ama 38kWh. Ico kinogo nticari ikosa ry’imibare. Yari atahura kW na kWh neza gusa. Ivyo yabuze ni ukubura ubushobozi, uburebure bw’imipaka y’ugusohoka, n’ugusenyuka kw’ubushobozi kubera gukorera mu bidukikije vy’ubushuhe bwa -5. Ivyo bintu ntibiboneka mu biharuro vy’ishimikiro, kandi ntibiboneka no ku bipimo vyinshi vy’abaguzi.
Gukuraho ubushobozi n'ububiko bw'inguvu
Itandukaniro hagati ya kilowatts n'amasaha ya kilowatt-ritera imbere mbere n'abahinga mu vy'amasoko bazi utuntu n'utundi, ahanini kubera ko ayo majambo ashobora guhindurwa gushika utanguye kwandika amategeko y'ugugura.
Kilowatts zipima ububasha bwo mu kanya nk’ako gukubita. Iyo moteri yawe y’ivyuma ikoresha 8kW, niho ikwegera inguvu mu gihe ico ari co cose. Amasaha ya kilowatt{3}}apima ingufu zose zikoreshwa mu gihe. Moteri y’inguvu 8kW ikora amasaha 2 ikoresha inguvu 16kWh.
Uburyo bwo guhindura buragororotse:
Inguvu (kWh)=Inguvu (kW) × Igihe (amasaha)
Ariko iyo formule ifata ibintu bitunganye. Amabateri nyayo ntakora gutyo.
Imibare Uwuguha Ibintu Atariko Akwereka
Impapuro z'amakuru ya bateri zivuga ubushobozi busanzwe. Bateri "100kWh" irimwo 100kWh y'ububiko bw'inguvu z'ivyiyumviro. Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha buratandukanye, cane cane hafi 80% ku mirongo ya litiyumu. Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri buzigama 20% vy’ubushobozi bwose kugira ngo ntihagire inzinguzingu z’ugusohoka kw’amazi zikomeye zituma zishobora gusenyuka.
| Ubwoko bw'ibisobanuro | Ico Bisobanura | Agaciro gasanzwe |
|---|---|---|
| Ubushobozi bw'izina | Ububiko bwose bw'ivyiyumviro | 100 kWh |
| Ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa | Inguvu ziboneka imbere y'uko BMS ihagarika | 80 kWh |
| Ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma-urugendo | Inguvu zisohoka ÷ Inguvu ziri mu | 87-94% |
| Uburebure bw'Isohoka (DoD) | Ijanisha ry'ibisohoka vyemewe | 80% kuri LFP |
Ubushuhe buratuma ingorane irushiriza kuba nyinshi. Dushingiye ku makuru y'igerageza rya DOE, ubushobozi bwa bateri ya litiyumu buragabanuka kugera ku bice nka 80% ku 0℃bugaca buja munsi ya 60% ku -20 degree. Ico kibanza co muri Michigan gikoresha ama forklift mu bubiko bw’amafirigo? Bateri ziwe za "100kWh" zariko zitanga kumbure 65kWh z'inguvu zikoreshwa mu gihe c'ibikorwa vy'imbeho.
Uburyo bubereye bwo gupima ubunini buvuga kuri ibi bihinduka:
Ubushobozi bwa Bateri busabwa=(Inguvu z'Umuzigo × Igihe co Gukora × 1.1 umutekano) ÷ DoD ÷ Ubushobozi
Ku muzigo wa 5kW ugenda amasaha 4: (5 × 4 × 1,1) ÷ 0,8 ÷ 0.92 = 29.9 kWh
Si 20kWh. Itandukaniro hagati y'ivyo biharuro bibiri ni itandukaniro hagati y'amabateri arangiza amashifu mu buryo bwizigirwa n'amabateri akora abakozi hagati -mu nzira ku isaha zibiri z'ijoro.
C-Igiciro n'igituma ubunini bwa bateri bugira ingaruka nyinshi kurusha igihe co gukora
Amashirahamwe y’abaguzi akenshi aratubaza nimba akwiye kugura ibateri imwe nini canke utundi dutoduto twinshi. Inyishu ivana n'ingene utegura kubikoresha, kandi ivyo bituma tugera ku rugero rwa C-.
C-igipimo kidondora umuvuduko wo gusohoka ugereranije n'ubushobozi. Igikoresho co gusohora 1C gica ubusa muri bateri mw’isaha imwe. Igisohoka ca 0.5C gifata amasaha abiri. Igisohoka ca 2C gifata iminota mirongo itatu.
Igitigiri kinini ca C- kizana ubushuhe bwinshi imbere mu bihimba vya bateri. Ubushuhe bwinshi busobanura ko ubushobozi buke, bushobora gusenyuka ningoga, kandi mu bihe bikomeye cane, bisabwa gucungera ubushuhe birongereza amahera n’ugusobanuka.
| C-Igiciro | Igihe co gusohoka | Ubushobozi busanzwe | Ubushuhe butera |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5C | Amasaha 2 | 96-98% | Hasi |
| 1C | Isaha imwe | 93-95% | Ku rugero |
| 2C | Iminota 30 | 88-92% | Hejuru |
| 3C+ | <20 minutes | <88% | Bisaba gukonjesha |
Aho niho ubucuti bwa kW-na-kWh bushimisha ku ngingo z'amasoko.
Rimbura ibintu bibiri bishobora gushika ku gikoresho co guterura ibintu gifise ubushobozi bwa 12kW:
Amahitamwo A: 20kWh y'amabateri
Ivyipfuzo vy’isonga bituma habaho igipimo c’ugusohoka 0.6C. Ubushobozi buguma hafi y’ibice 94%. Nta yindi gukonjesha ikenewe. Ariko igihe co gukora kigarukira ku masaha nka 3 y’igikorwa nyaco.
Amahitamwo B: 40kWh y'amabateri
Ivyo nyene 12kW peak irema gusa 0.3C igipimo c’ugusohoka. Ubushobozi buratera imbere bukagera kuri 97%. Igihe co gukora kigera ku masaha 6+. Bateri na yo nyene iragira umubabaro mutoyi ku nzinguzingu yose, ivyo bikaba bituma ubuzima bwose bumara.
Ipaki nini cane itwara amahera menshi imbere y’igihe. Ariko inyungu z’ubushobozi zirushirizaho gutera imbere mu bihumbi vy’imirongo y’ugushaja, kandi ubuzima buramba buracerezwa amahera yo gusubirira. Twarakoresheje imibare ku mirongo y’amahinduka y’ubwato, kandi igihe co gusenyuka gikunda kugwa hafi y’amezi 18-24 ku bikorwa bikora amashifu menshi.
Litiyumu n'amabuye y'agaciro-Acide: Igereranyo ry'ubushobozi Umuntu wese yihenda
Ivyinshi mu bigereranywa vy’amabateri vyibanda ku buhinga bwa shimi. Litiyumu iramara igihe kirekire, irashaja ningoga, isaba kwitaho bike. Vyose ni ukuri. Ariko ukugereranya ubushobozi niho amashirahamwe y’abaguzi akora amakosa azimvye.
Bateri y’amabuye y’agaciro y’amabuye y’agaciro y’amabuye y’agaciro y’amabuye y’agaciro (100Ah) ifise igipimo ca C20 (20-amasaha y’ugusohoka) itanga ubushobozi buke cane iyo ikora vy’ukuri. Ico kintu citwa Peukert effect, gituma amabateri akoresha aside y’amabuye y’agaciro atakaza 30-50% vy’ubushobozi bwayo iyo asohotse vuba.
| Ubwoko bwa bateri | Igiharuro ca Peukert | Ubushobozi ku isaha imwe yo gusohoka | Gutakaza neza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Litiyumu (LFP) | 1.02-1.10 | 95-98 Eh | 2-5% |
| AGM Uburongozi-Aside | 1.05-1.15 | 80-90 Ah | 10-20% |
| Asidi y'amabuye y'agaciro - | 1.20-1.60 | 50-70 Ah | 30-50% |
Bateri y'aside yuzuye "100Ah" y'amabuye y'agaciro-ivuye mu masaha imwe yoshobora gutanga 56Ah gusa. Bateri ya litiyumu "100Ah" mu bihe nk'ivyo nyene itanga 95-98Ah.
Ivyo bisigura igituma abakoresha ubwato bava ku aside y’amabuye y’agaciro baja ku mabuye y’agaciro kenshi basanze amapaki mato y’amabuye y’agaciro afise ubushobozi bukeyi akora neza kurusha amapaki manini y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro. Igitigiri c’amazina ntikigereranywa kubera ko ubuhinga bushingiyeko bwigenza mu buryo butandukanye cane iyo bufise umuzigo.
Ubutunzi bwo guhindura ubwato
Turakurikirana amakuru y’igiciro kuva ku migambi yacu yo gushiramwo. Imibare iri musi igereranya ingaruka nyazo zivuye mu bikorwa vy’ububiko n’ugukwiragiza, si ivyiyumviro vy’ivyiyumviro.
Igikoresho co guterura ibintu gikoreshwa n'umuyagankuba n'igikoresho ca propane: Igitigiri c'amapound 5.000
| Igiciro c'Iciciro | Igikoresho co guterura ibintu | Umuyagankuba (Ibuye ry'Ibuye -Aside) | Umuyagankuba (Litiyumu) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Igiciro c'ugugura igice | $24,000-30,000 | $32,000-38,000 | $35,000-42,000 |
| Bateri/Uburyo bw'amavuta | Birimwo | $5,000-7,000 | $8,000-12,000 |
| Igiciro c'inguvu ku musi | $18-24 | $4-6 | $2-4 |
| Igiciro co kwitaho/Isaha | $2.00 | $1.50 | $1.10-1.25 |
| Gusubirira bateri (imyaka 5) | N/A | $5,000-7,000 | Kenshi nta n'imwe |
| Ubuzima bwitezwe | Amasaha 12.000 | Amasaha 15.000 | 20,000+ amasaha |
Igikoresho ca propane ni co gifise igiciro gitoyi kuruta ibindi vyose. Ni ryo kandi rifise igiciro kinini kuruta ibindi vyose co gukoresha. Litiyumu y’umuyagankuba ni yo ifise igiciro kinini co kugura ariko ni yo igira igiciro gitoyi kuruta ibindi vyose mu myaka 5-7 y’ubuzima bw’ibikoresho.
Isesengura rya TCO ry'imyaka 8: Ubwato bw'ibice 50
Ishirahamwe rya gatatu-ritanga ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwo gutwara ibintu muri Texas ryanditse ihinduka ryabo kuva ku aside y’amabuye y’agaciro (lead-asid) gushika ku litiyumu mu bikoresho 50 vy’ibikoresho vy’ugutwara ibintu vy’umugwi wa I. Ivyavuye mu kiringo c’isuzuma ry’imyaka 8:
| Uburemere | Amabuye y'agaciro-Ubwato bw'Aside | Ubwato bwa Litiyumu | Itandukaniro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Igiciro cose c'inguvu | $892,000 | $489,000 | -$403,000 (45%) |
| Gusubirira bateri | $340,000 | $0 | -$340,000 |
| Ibikorwa vyo kwitaho | $612,000 | $234,000 | -$378,000 (62%) |
| Ibikorwa remezo vyo gushaja | $85,000 | $142,000 | +$57,000 |
| Igihe co guhagarara | $445,000 | $89,000 | -$356,000 (80%) |
| Igiciro cose c'imyaka 8 | $4,180,000 | $1,890,000 | -$2,290,000 (55%) |
Igihe co kwishura: amezi 31. Inyuma y’ico gihe, ubwato bwa litiyumu bwari buzigamye amadolari 285.000 ku mwaka ugereranyije no kubungabunga ubuhinga bw’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro. (Isoko: inyigisho y’ivyabaye ku rubuga rwa ugowork.com)
Itandukaniro ry’ugukoresha neza inguvu ni ryo ryatumye habaho igice kinini c’ivyo bizigamirwa. Ivyuma vy’aside vy’amabuye y’agaciro muri iri koraniro vyerekanye 57% vy’ubushobozi bwo gukora urugendo rw’uruziga. Ivyo bikoresho vyasubirijwe na litiyumu vyashitse ku 87% vy’ubushobozi bwo gukora urugendo rw’urugendo. Iyo uriko urashaja ama forklift 50 mu bihe vyinshi ku musi, iyo nzira y’ubushobozi y’intonde 30 ihinduka amahera nyayo.
Guhitamwo ubushobozi bwo gukoresha mu nganda
Gupima ubunini bwa bateri si uguhuza gusa kWh n’igihe co gukora. Igipimo ca kW-ku -kWh ni co kigena ubuhinga bwa bateri bufise insiguro ku bikorwa vyawe.
Inguvu nyinshi, Ubushobozi buke (Inguvu-Itunganijwe)
Ibikorwa: UPS sisitemu, gutangura moteri, muri make vyinshi -bisabwa ubu
Izo bateri zikoresha ama electrode makeyi kandi afise ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’ibintu imbere. Zishobora gutanga umuriro mwinshi ata n’ugusenyuka kw’umuriro gukaze. Ariko zitwara amahera menshi ku kWh y’ububiko kubera ko ubuhinga bwo gukora ingingo bushira imbere uburemere bw’ububasha kuruta uburemere bw’inguvu.
Bateri y’inguvu 10kWh-ishobora gutwara 30-50% kurusha bateri y’inguvu 10kWh ifise ubuhinga busa n’ubwo.
Ubushobozi bwinshi, Inguvu ziringaniye (Inguvu-Itunganijwe)
Ibikorwa: Ivyuma bikurura ibintu, AGVs, uburyo bwo kubika inguvu, imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba
Izo bateri zikoresha ama electrode manini cane abika inguvu nyinshi ku nsoro imwe imwe. Bifata neza imizigo iringaniye ariko ntivyagenewe guturika kw'amashanyarazi menshi-mu gihe gito.
Ku bikorwa vyinshi vyo gukoresha ibikoresho, inguvu-imiterere myiza irafise insiguro nyinshi kubera ko urutonde rw'umuzigo rujanye n'ugukoresha guhoraho aho gukoresha inzinguzingu z'ugusohora vyihuta.
Guhuza ibisobanuro n'ikoreshwa
| Gusaba | Inguvu zisanzwe zisabwa | Igihe co gukora gikenewe | Ubwoko bwa bateri busabwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Igitigiri ca mbere kwicara-hasi | 8-15 kW isonga, 4-6 kW rusangi | Amasaha 6-8 | Inguvu -zitunganijwe, 30-50 kWh |
| Igikapu c'amapaleti c'umugwi wa III | 2-4 kW isonga, 1-2 kW hagati | Amasaha 8-10 | Inguvu -zitunganijwe, 15-25 kWh |
| AGV/AMR | 1-3 kW rusangi | Amasaha 8-12 | Inguvu -zitunganijwe, 10-20 kWh |
| Igikoresho co kubika ibintu bikonje | 10-18 kW isonga | Amasaha 4-6 | Inguvu{0}}zitunganijwe neza + ubushuhe, 40-60 kWh |
Ibikorwa vyo kubika ibintu bikonje bikwiye kwitwararikwa cane. Igihano c'ubushobozi kiva ku bushuhe buke bisigura ko ukeneye gukura cane 25-40% ugereranyije n'ibikorwa vy'ubushuhe bwo mu nzu. Hari ibikorwa bimwe bimwe bisanga gushiramwo uburyo bwo gushushanya amabateri (bikoresha 200-500W mu gihe co gushaja) bitwara amahera make kuruta uburyo bwo kugura amabateri manini.
Ivyo Amashirahamwe y'Isoko Akwiye Gusuzuma
Ibiciro vy'abaguzi kenshi birakuramwo ibintu vyinshi bihambaye mu gutegura ibikorwa. Imbere yo gusinya amategeko yo kugura, wemeze ibi bisobanuro:
Ivyangombwa vyo kugerageza ubushobozi.Mbega ubushobozi bwagereranywa bwagereranywa na degre 25 n’igipimo co gusohoka c’amasaha 20? Ivyo ni ibintu bisanzwe vyo muri laboratwari bishobora kutahuye n’ibidukikije vy’ibikorwa vyawe canke umuzigo.
Ivyiyumviro vy’ububasha bikomeza n’ivy’isonga.Abagurisha bamwebamwe baravuga igitigiri gitangaje c’ivyo bateri ishobora gusohora mu masegonda 30 gusa. Igikoresho cawe co guterura ibintu gikeneye ububasha mu minota mikeyi, atari mu masegonda.
Amasezerano y’ugukingira garanti.Mbega iyo garanti irapfuka ubushobozi bwo gusenyuka? None ku mbuga iyihe? Ivyemezo vyinshi vya litiyumu bitanga icemeza ko ubushobozi buzogumaho 70-80% inyuma y’umubare w’ingendo canke imyaka.
Ivyerekeye BMS.Ni uburinzi ubuhe ubuhinga bwo gucunga amabateri butanga? Ubushuhe buke-gufunga gushaja gukingira litiyumu kwonona. Igenzura ry'urugero rw'ingingo-rifata ingingo zidakora neza imbere y'uko zigira ico zikoze ku mugwi wose.
Ivyiyumviro vy’ugushiraho.Saba amakuru yo guhamagara abakiriya bakoresha ibikoresho bisa n’ivyo mu bihe bisa n’ivyo. Ivyiyumviro vy’ivyigwa birahambaye cane kuruta ibikorwa vyerekanwa.
Ibara ry'agaciro mu vy'ukuri
Guhindura kW-ku -kWh ni imibare yoroshe. Ibara ry’amasoko rigaragaza nimba ishoramari ryawe ry’amabateri rizororanirwa canke rizonanirwa ni ryo rigoye cane:
Inguvu z'ukuri zikenewe=(Inguvu z'Isonga × Igihe co Gukora × Urugero rw'Umutekano) ÷ (DoD × Ubushobozi × Ubushuhe)
Ku bijanye n'ububiko bukonje bukwega 12kW ku masaha 6 ku -5℃:
(12 × 6 × 1.15) ÷ (0.80 × 0.90 × 0.85) = 135.3 kWh ibisabwa mu vyiyumviro
Mu bikorwa, wohitamwo bateri iri hagati ya 50-60 kWh kubera ko ubushobozi bukoreshwa buri hasi cane kurusha ubukene, kandi wofata mu muzirikanyi akaryo ko gushaja mu gihe c'akaruhuko. Ariko gukoresha iyo mibare n’ibintu vy’ukuri birerekana igituma amahinduka menshi cane y’ubwato adakora neza. Amashirahamwe apima ubunini bw’amabateri ashingiye ku mice isanzwe maze akamenya uburyo bukomeye amabateri akeneye kugira ngo ashobore guhangana n’ibintu bibi kuruta ibindi vyose.
Twarabonye iyo nzira incuro nyinshi mu guhindura ama forklift, mu gukoresha AGV, no mu gushiramwo ububiko bw’inguvu. Ivyo bikoresho bishobora gutuma habaho ugutakaza ubushobozi, ingaruka z’ubushuhe, n’uburebure bw’imipaka y’ugusohora amashanyarazi mu kiringo c’ugusobanura. Ivyo bikoresho bigwana nivyo bigwiza kW n’amasaha bica bifata ko vyatorera umuti ingorane.
Niba uriko urakora muri ivyo biharuro ku mugambi wihariye, ikigo cacu c'ibisabwa kirasubiramwo ibisabwa kandi kigatanga impanuro z'ingene bingana bishingiye ku makuru yawe y'ibikorwa. Ivyo biganiro bifata nk’iminota 30 kandi bivuga ibijanye n’ibikoresho, uko ibidukikije vyifashe, n’ingene umuzigo ushobora gukoreshwa. Turahitamwo gufata amakosa yo gupima imbere yo gushiramwo aho gutorera umuti ingorane z’amabateri adakora neza amaze gushirwa mu bikoresho.
*Ivyerekeye ubuhinga n’amakuru yerekeye ivyigwa vyerekanwa muri iyi ngingo biraboneka iyo ubisavye. Ku vyerekeye umugambi-wihariye, bwira umugwi wacu w'abahinga n'ibisobanuro vy'ibikoresho vyawe n'ibisabwa kugira ngo bikore.*
