Ni gute wogereranya uko ivyaha bimeze?
Igereranyo SOC
Uko bateri imeze (SOC) ni kimwe mu bipimo bihambaye cane mu gihe co gukoresha bateri. Kubera ko SOC ishikirwa n’ibintu nk’igipimo c’amahera/ugukuraho (ubu), ubushuhe, ubwawe - kwirukana, n’ugukura, amabateri yerekana ko ata murongo munini mu gihe co gukoresha, bituma ugugereranya SOC zitagira umurongo bigorana.
Uburyo bwo kugereranya SOC
Mu bisanzwe ikoreshwaUburyo bwo kugereranya SOCharimwo uburyo bwo gukora igerageza ry’ugusohoka, uburyo bwo gushiramwo imyambaro, uburyo bwo gushiramwo - uburyo bw’umuriro, uburyo bw’umuriro w’umuzigo, uburyo bwo guhangana n’inguvu z’imbere, uburyo bw’uruzitiro rw’imitsi, n’uburyo bwo kuyungurura kwa Kalman.
1) Uburyo bwo kugerageza bwo kwiyamiriza. Uburyo bw’igerageza ryo gusohoka ni bwo buryo bwo kugereranya SOC bwizigirwa kuruta ubundi bwose. Ikoresha umuriro uhoraho kugira ngo ikomeze gusohoka, kandi umusaruro w’umuriro w’amazi n’igihe ni wo usigaye. Uburyo bw’igerageza bwo gusohoka burakoreshwa kenshi mu ma laboratwari kandi burakoreshwa ku mabateri yose, ariko burafise ingorane zibiri zikomeye: ubwa mbere, bisaba umwanya munini; ica kabiri, igikorwa ca bateri gitegerezwa gucika. Uburyo bw’igerageza bwo gusohoka ntibubereye ku modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba, ariko zishobora gukoreshwa mu kubungabunga amabateri y’imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba.
2)Inyuma- Uburyo bwo gushiramwo ibintu. Uburyo bwo gushiramwo imyambaro y’ibarabara ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cane bwo kugereranya SOC. Ariko rero, ubu buryo burafise ingorane zikurikira: zitari zo .ingerobituma haba ugukevya kw’ibara rya SOC, kandi amakosa ararundanywa uko igihe kigenda kirarenga kandi agaca arushiriza kuba manini; igikarabiro- ubushobozi bwa bateri bitegerezwa kwihwezwa; amakosa ni menshi cane mu gihe c’ibintu vyinshi - Ivyagezwe canke igihe iyo bateri ihindura cane. Ingero y’amashanyarazi y’umuriro itagiramwo ukuri ishobora gutorwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’agaciro kanini, ariko igiciro kiraduga; gutorera umuti - ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubushobozi busaba kumenya neza amakuru menshi y'igerageza no gushinga amafomu y'ivyagezwe ku bijanye n'ugushaza- gutanga ubushobozi. Uburyo bwo gushiramwo imyambaro y’imodoka bushobora gukoreshwa ku mabateri yose y’imodoka zikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba. Iyo ingero iriho ubu ari ukuri kandi hariho amakuru ahagije ku bijanye n’ingene umuntu agereranya, ashobora kuba uburyo bworoshe kandi bwizewe bwo kugereranya SOC.
3)Ihembo - uburyo bw'umuriro. Igikoresho co gufungura - umuriro w’ibati ku mpera y’ugusohoka ni hafi y’inguvu z’umuyagankuba bateri. Inguvu z’umuyagankuba z’ibara ry’agahama{5}} ni igikorwa c’ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi, ivyo bikaba bigabanya bihuye n’ugusohoka kw’amabateri, rero umuriro ufunguye - ushobora gukoreshwa mu kugereranya SOC. Urutonde rw’umurongo w’umuriro wuguruye- y’umuriro n’isano SOC y’amabateri ya MH/Ni n’amabateri ya litiyumu- ni meza nk’ay’amabateri y’ikobali, ariko isano ryavyo rihuye n’ivyo rishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo rigereranye SOC, cane cane n’ibisubizo vyiza mu ntango n’iherezo ry’ugushaja. Ico gitero gikomeye c’uburyo bw’umuriro wuguruye bw’umuriro ni uko bateri ikeneye kuruhuka igihe kirekire kugira ngo ihagarike umuriro, kandi ifata amasaha menshi canke mbere n’amasaha arenga cumi kugira ngo bateri ishobore gusubira gukoreshwa, ivyo bikaba bituma haba ingorane zimwe zimwe mu gupima; kumenya igihe co kuruhuka na co nyene ni ingorane, rero ubu buryo iyo ikoreshejwe yonyene ibereye gusa ku modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba mu gihe cahagaze. Uburyo bw’umuriro bufunguye bw’umuriro burafise ubushobozi bwiza bwo gupima SOC mu ntango n’iherezo ry’ugushaja kandi kenshi burakoreshwa hamwe n’uburyo bwo gushiramwo imyambaro.
4) Uburyo bw’umuriro. Ku bijanye n’ugusohoka kw’umuriro mu kanya nk’ako gukubita, umuriro urahinduka ningoga uva ku nzira y’umuriro yuguruye gushika ku rwego rw’umuriro w’umuzigo. Iyo umuriro w’umuzigo wa bateri uguma udahinduka, urugero rw’uguhinduka kw’umuriro w’umuzigo n’ivyo SOC isa n’iy’umuriro wuguruye na SOC. Inyungu y’uburyo bw’umuriro w’umuzigo ni uko ishobora kugereranya SOC ya bateri mu gihe nyaco kandi ifise ibisubizo vyiza mu gihe c’ugusohoka kw’umuriro. Mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga, umuriro w’umushoferi w’umushoferi urazana ingorane ku gukoresha umuriro w’umuzigo. Kugira ngo ico kibazo gitorerwe umuti, ni ikigereranyo c’imibare c’amakuru y’umuriro w’amabateri, umuriro wigenga w’umuzigo w’inguvu, kandi SOC irakenewe; rero, uburyo bw’umuriro w’umuzigo burakoreshwa gake ku binyabiziga vy’ukuri ariko kenshi bikoreshwa nk’ikigereranyo c’ugucapura kwa bateri{9}} gukuraho.
5) Uburyo bwo kwihangana mu mutima. Ubushobozi bw’imbere mu mutima bugabanywamwo ubushobozi bwo guhangana na AC n’ubudahangarwa bw’imbere bwa DC, ivyo vyose bikaba bifitaniye isano cane na SOC (Ikibanza c’Ibara). Inyamanga ya AC ni igikorwa co kwimurira hagati y’umuriro wa bateri n’umuriro, igihinduka gikomeye kigereranya ubushobozi bwa bateri n’umuriro wa AC, kandi bupimwa hakoreshejwe igipimo c’impedance ya AC. Impedance ya AC irashikirwa cane n’ubushuhe; nimba yobipima mu gihe c’ugufungura - inzira y’ugucagura inyuma y’aho bateri ishitse canke mu gihe co gushaja no gushaja ni ikintu gitera impaka kandi ntigikoreshwa cane mu modoka nyayo. DC ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuriro bugereranya ubushobozi bwa bateri n’umuriro wa DC, ungana n’igipimo c’ihinduka ry’umuriro w’ibati ku mpinduka y’umuriro mu kiringo gito cane. Mu bipimo vy’ukuri, bateri irashirwako canke isohoka ku nzira idahinduka itangura ku nzira yuguruye- y’umuzingi; itandukaniro hagati y’umuriro w’umuzigo n’umuriro wuguruye - voltage mu kiringo kimwe, bigabanywe n’agaciro k’ubu, ni DC reconce rance. Ku bijanye n’amabateri y’amabuye y’agaciro, DC y’imbere y’igihe iragwira cane mu ntambwe za nyuma z’ugusohoka kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugereranya SOC ya bateri; uguhinduka kw’imbere kw’imbere kw’imbere kwa MH/Ni na litiyumu - Ibateri zitandukanye n’iz’amabateri y’amabuye y’agaciro y’imbere kandi ntizikoreshwa cane. Ubunini bw’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imbere bwa DC burashikirwa n’igihe co kubara. Iyo igihe kiri mugufi kuruta 10ms, ni ho gusa ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bwo mu mutima bwa ohmic bushobora kumenyekana; iyo igihe ari kirekire, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu burarushiriza kuba bukomeye. Gupima neza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingingo imwe biragoye, ivyo bikaba ari ikintu gitera ingorane mu buryo bwo guhangana n’imbere bwa DC. Uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibintu vyo mu mutima burabereye kugereranya uko umuriro (SOC) wa bateri mu ntambwe za nyuma z’ugusohoka kandi ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe n’uburyo bwo gushiramwo imyambaro.
6) Uburyo bw'urubuga. Bateri ni ubuhinga butagira umurongo, kandi biragoye gushinga urugero rw’imibare rw’ukuri ku bijanye n’ibarabara ry’ibarabara{2}} uburyo bwo gutanga. Ivyuma vy’imitsi birafise ibiranga vy’ishimikiro bitari umurongo, imiterere y’ibintu bihuye, n’ubushobozi bwo kwiga. Zishobora gutanga ibisohoka bihuye n’ugukangura kw’inyuma kandi rero bigana ibiranga ubushobozi bwa bateri kugira ngo bigereranye SOC. Igikoresho gisanzwe c’imitsi 3 gikoreshwa cane mu kugereranya SOC: umubare w’imitsi y’ubwonko mu bice vy’injiza n’isohoka rugenwa n’ibibazo nyavyo kandi muri rusangi ni igikorwa c’umurongo; igitigiri c’imitsi y’ubwonko kiri mu gice c’umubiri kinyegejwe kivana n’ukuntu ingorane igoye be n’uko isesengurwa rikenewe. Ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa cane mu kugereranya bateri SOC birimwo umuriro, umuriro, ubushobozi bwo gusohoka, ubushuhe, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu, n’ubushuhe bwo mu karere. Nimba uguhitamwo ibihinduka vy’urubuga rw’imitsi bibereye kandi nimba umubare w’ibintu bihinduka bihuye neza n’ukuri kw’ukuri kw’akarorero n’umuzigo w’ibarabara. Uburyo bw’uruja n’uruza bw’imitsi burakoreshwa ku mabateri atandukanye, ariko ingorane yayo ni uko bisaba amakuru menshi y’ishingiro kugira ngo amenyerezwe, kandi ikosa ryo kugereranya rirashikirwa cane n’amakuru y’amahugurwa n’uburyo bwo gutoza.
7) Uburyo bwo kuyungurura bwa Kalman. Iciyumviro nyamukuru c’inyigisho y’iyungurura rya Kalman ni ugukora ingereranyo nziza y’ingene urutonde rw’ibintu ruhinduka mu buryo bw’ugutandukanya gutoyi. Iyo ikoreshejwe ku bijanye n’ugupima bateri SOC, bateri ifatwa nk’uburyo bukomeye kandi SOC ni imwe mu nzira zayo zo mu mutima. Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo kuyungurura bwa Kalman bwo kugereranya bateri SOC bwatanguye gusa mu myaka iheze. Ubwo buryo burabereye ku mabateri atandukanye kandi, ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo, burabereye cane cane kugereranya SOC amapaki y’amabateri y’imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba n’uguhinduka kw’amashanyarazi kwinshi. Ntitanga gusa ingereranyo ya SOC ariko kandi itanga ikosa ryo kugereranya rya SOC. Ariko rero, ingorane y’ubu buryo ni uko iyo algorithme igoye cane kandi isaba ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa none, rero ntirwinjira mu rwego rw’ibikorwa.
Biciye muri - ubushakashatsi ku buryo butandukanye bwo kugereranya SOC, uburyo bwo gushiramwo imyambaro{1}} Inyubako yawe yatowe mu ntango nk’ishimikiro. Mu gupima neza umuyagankuba wa bateri, bifatanijwe n’uburyo bw’umuriro wuguruye - uburyo bwo gukoresha umuriro no kuzirikana ibintu nk’umuriro w’ibati- gutanga ubushobozi, ubushuhe, ugusaza, n’ukwifatanya na bo - gutanga, uburongozi bw’inguvu z’ibinyabiziga vy’amashanyarazi vy’ibinyabiziga vy’amashanyarazi bityoroye birashikwako. Ku modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba zisukuye, ipaki ya bateri ikora mu buryo bwuzuye - na - igihugu, aho igikorwa co gushaja ari ikintu gihoraho - Ubu. Inyuma y’aho gushaja guheza, hariho ikimenyetso c’intango gikomeye (igihe co gushaja kirangiye, SOC ni 100% canke irengeye gatoyi). Iyo charge - ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubushobozi bwa bateri ni nyinshi cane (hejuru 95%), igiciro c'ubushobozi bw'amafaranga{15}} ubushobozi bwo gutanga bushobora kwegerezwa nk'agaciro ka 1 canke kangana n'agaciro kamwe kadahinduka. Gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kubara SOC birashobora gushika ku ngaruka nziza cane. Ikosa ryirundanirije ry’ikarita imwe imwe- irakurwaho mu bisanzwe ikurwaho igihe igice gikurikira co gushaja kirangiye hamwe n’ugusubiramwo agaciro ka mbere ka SOC.
Mu gukora ingero nyinshi -Ivyiyumviro vy’inguvu z’amabateri, umuriro, n’ubushuhe kugira ngo habeho ukuri kw’ibikoresho vy’ugupima SOC; mu gushinga urugero rwiza rwa bateri biciye mu gusuzuma ivyiyumviro no mu gushiramwo amakuru y’igerageza; mu gukosora SOC ku mpera y’uguca n’ugusohoka kugira ngo ikureho amakosa ya SOC yirundanirije; kandi mu kwihweza igipimo c'ubushobozi bwa bateri- gukura ibintu neza, ubushuhe, ubusaza, n'ukwigira - Ingaruka z'ubuhinga, - Igereranyo ry'uburyo SOC irashikwako. Igihugu c'ibateri- c'ubuhinga bwo gupima bwerekanywe ku gishushanyo 17-12.
(1) Uburyo bwo kubara SOC bw'intango bw'agaciroAgaciro ka mbere ka SOC karonswa mu gukubitisha SOC yabitswe ku bubasha bw'ububasha- na SOC yaronswe mu bushuhe-OCV{2}} SOC ibona ku rutonde rw'igihe rujanye n'igihe c'umurongo. Agaciro ka mbere ka SOC gakeneye gusomwa igihe cose urutonde rukoresha.
(2) Guharura agaciro k'ingingo ngenderwako SOC no gukosora agaciro k'ingingo z'umuntu ku giti ciwe bushingiye ku gaciro ka SOHUbushobozi bwa bateri buronswa mu kuraba imeza hakoreshejwe ubushuhe n’umuriro wo gushaja, kandi ubushobozi bwa bateri bukosorwa mu kuraba hejuru y’imeza ukoresheje SOH. Ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora amperé- uburyo bwo kuronka agaciro k’agaciro k’ihindura rya SOC. Agaciro k’ihinduka rya SOC congerwa ku gaciro ka mbere kugira ngo umuntu aronke agaciro ka SOC.
(3) Guharura kw'ipaki SOCIyo iyo sisitemu isubira gukoreshwa, agaciro ka mbere k’intango SOC gafatwa nk’ipaki y’ibateri SOC; iyo mu gihe co gusohoka, SOC y’ibati isoma agaciro gatoyi mu ngirabuzimafatizo z’umuntu ku giti ciwe; iyo mu gihe co gushaja no gushaja bitarangiriye, SOC y’ibati SOC isoma agaciro kanini ka SOC; iyo mu gihe co gushaja no gushaja birangiye, SOC y’ibati ishirwa kuri 1.
(4)Uburyo bwo gukosora SOC k'umuntu ku giti ciwe ku mpera y'ica charge/kwirukanaIyo iyo sisitemu iri mu gihe co gushaja kandi SOC y’ibateri iri hejuru ya 0.8, iyo sisitemu isobanurwa nk’aho ari ku mpera y’ugushaja; iyo iyo sisitemu iri mu gihe co gukuraho kandi SOC y’ibateri iri munsi ya 0.3, iyo sisitemu isobanurwa nk’aho ari ku mpera y’ugukuraho. Iyo iyo sisitemu iri ku mpera y’amahera/yo gutanga, SOC irakeneye gukosorwa. Uburyo bwo kubara SOC ku mpera y’umuriro/ugukuraho ni ukuronka agaciro ka SOC mu kurondera ku meza hakoreshejwe ubushuhe, umuriro w’umuriro/ugukuraho, n’umuriro.
