Namaze imyaka cumi n’ibiri muri iyi nganda, kandi mu vy’ukuri, benshi mu barongozi b’amabateri ya litiyumu hanze nta co bamaze ku ngingo z’amasoko nyazo. Ingingo ngenderwako za CC-CV, imipaka y’ubushuhe, 80% y’ugushaja mu gitutu... ivyo vyose urashobora kubisanga kuri kaminuza ya Battery. Nta co bimaze ko ndabisubiramwo.
Ico nshaka kuganirako uno musi ni ibibazo mu vy’ukuri bitera umutwe amashirahamwe y’abahinga mu vy’amasoko:Uko wohitamwo ubushobozi, uko wohuza ama chargeurs, ni igiki co gushiramwo amahera, n’igihe uzobona ROI.Nta n’inyishu zisanzwe, ariko ndashobora gusangira amakuru nyayo ava mu migambi yacu n’amakosa twakoze mu nzira.
Ivyiyumviro vyihuta: Ndi injeniyeri w’ivy’amaporogarama muri [izina ry’ishirahamwe ryahinduwe kugira ngo ntasa n’itangazo], ahanini nkora ku migambi yo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu modoka z’inganda mu Buseruko no mu Bumanuko bw’Ubushinwa. Nfise ubumenyi buke ku bijanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikaze mu buraruko, rero ivyiyumviro vyanje bishobora kutakora neza nimba uriko urakoresha ububiko bw’ibikoresho vy’i Harbin.
Guhitamwo ubushobozi: Biragoye kurusha uko wiyumvira
Ikibazo nkunda kuronka ni "400Ah yoba ihagije?" Ivyo sinshobora kubisubiza ataco nkora kuko "bihagije" bivana n'ibintu vyinshi cane bihinduka.
Ubanze ubaze inguvu ukoresha ku musi. Ntukirengagize ibi.
Ikoreshwa ry'umusi (kWh)=Inguvu zisanzwe (kW) × Amasaha y'ibikorwa (h) × Umubare w'umuzigo
Igitigiri c'umuzigo kivana n'ingene umuntu akora: igikorwa gisanzwe 0.3 ~ 0.4, gisanzwe 0.5 ~ 0.6, gikomeye 0.7 ~ 0.8. Abantu benshi baravyipfuza bakoresheje amasaha y’ububasha, ivyo bikaba bitanga imibare 30%+ kuruta ukuri.
Akarorero:Igikoresho co guterura ibintu gikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba c’amatoni 2, gifise ubushobozi bwa 8kW, gikora amasaha 10 ku musi, gifise umuzigo uri hagati.
Ikoreshwa ry'umusi=8 × 10 × 0.55=44kWh
Mu nzira ya 48V, 44kWh ihuye n’amashanyarazi nka 920Ah. Kubera ko udakwiye gusohora munsi ya 20%, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ni nk’80%, bisobanura ko ukeneye hafi 1150Ah kugira ngo ushobore guca umusi wose ukoresheje charge imwe.
Ariko ivyo ni ivyiyumviro gusa.
Mu migambi nyayo, nasanze itandukaniro hagati y’ugukoresha biharuwe n’ugukoresha vy’ukuri kenshi ari 15%~25%. Impamvu ziratandukanye: ingeso z’abakoresha, ugutemba kw’igorofa, uguhinduka kw’uburemere bw’ibintu, ikoreshwa rya HVAC... Rero impanuro yanje:yongerako 20% y'ububiko inyuma yo kubara agaciro k'ivyiyumviro, canke ukodeshe amazu makeyi mu kwezi kumwe kw'igerageza ry'isi nyakuri-ubanza.
Mbega ikinini cama ari ciza? Si ngombwa ngo bibe.
Umwaka uheze umukiriya yaharuye 50kWh ku musi ariko ashimika ku kugura amabateri 1500Ah kuko "dushobora gukura kandi ntituzokenera kuyasubirira mu nyuma." Vyagenze gute?
Ikibazo ca 1
Bateri nini yongeyeko ibiro 60, bituma iyo forklift ikora ku bushobozi buke bw’iforogo .
Ikibazo ca 2
Inguvu z'umuyagankuba zategerezwa gusubirwamwo bivanye n'ivyo, hamwe n'ibiciro vyo kwagura ibikorwa remezo vy'umuyagankuba
Ikibazo ca 3
Igitigiri c’ubudandaji nticigeze gikura. Bateri yamara umwanya munini ireremba hagati ya 30%~60% SOC, mu vy’ukuri yihutisha gukura kw’ikirangamisi .
Ivyo mbona:Niba ubu ubucuruzi bushikamye, hitamwo ubushobozi buhuye n'ivyo ukeneye (agaciro k'ivyiyumviro + 20% buffer). Nimba bidahagije mu myaka itatu canke itanu, uyisubirize rero. Ivyo vyoshobora gutuma umuntu agira ubutunzi kuruta gukoresha ibintu vyinshi cane imbere y’igihe. Ivyuma vy’amabateri biriko biratera imbere cane. "Ubushobozi buhambaye" uriha amafaranga uno musi bushobora kuba igicuruzwa-giciro mu myaka itanu.
Ego cane, ivyo ni ivyiyumviro vyanje gusa. Niba ufise ingengo y’imari, umwanya uraguha, kandi wizigiye ivyerekeye iterambere, kugura binini na vyo nyene si bibi.
Igiciro c'imiterere isanzwe
Amakuru ari aha hepfo ava mu migambi yacu yo mu 2024~2025 mu Bushinwa bwo mu Buseruko, ahanini ava ku bacuruzi ba CATL na EVE. Ibiciro birahinduka buri gihembwe, rero ivyo uvuga bishobora gutandukanywa.
| Gutunganya | Igiciro ca bateri | Igishaja | Ibikorwa remezo | Koresha ikibazo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500Ah Itegeko | ¥48,000 | ¥9,000 | ¥3,000 | Igihe kimwe,<25kWh/day |
| 700Ah yarongerewe | ¥65,000 | ¥12,000 | ¥3,500 | 1.5 imirongo, 25~35kWh/umusi |
| 1000Ah nini | ¥92,000 | ¥16,000 | ¥6,000 | Imisi ibiri, 35~50kWh/umusi |
| 500Ah×2 Guhindura | ¥96,000 | ¥9,000 | ¥8,000 | Ntivyiza kiretse iyo bateri igumye |
- Ibikorwa remezo birimwo gushiramwo ikibanza co gushaja, intsinga, guhindura ibikoresho
- Nta kwagura ubushobozi bw’umuyagankuba birimwo, bihinduka cane kuva kuri 0 gushika kuri 100k+
- Gutunganya ivy’uguhindura bisaba ibikoresho vy’uguhindura n’abakozi vy’inyongera; igihe kirekire - kidafise ubutunzi
Guhitamwo Charger: Aho ingorane nyinshi zishika
Bateri yatowe, gusa ufate chargeur iyo ari yo yose? Iryo ni ikosa risanzwe. Nk'ibice 30 kw'ijana vy'ibibazo vy'ukunanirwa nakoze vyari bifitaniye isano n'ivy'ugushaja-.
Guhuza umuriro ntivyoroshe gutyo
Bateri zose zifise ikimenyetso ca "48V" zishobora kugira amashanyarazi atandukanye cane:
| Ubwoko bwa bateri | Utugingo ngengabuzima | Guhagarika urugingo | Iherezo ry'Ipaki |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCM Ubutatu | 13S | 4.2V | 54.6V |
| LFP (Icuma Fosifate) | 15S | 3.65V | 54.75V |
| LFP (Icuma Fosifate) | 16S | 3.65V | 58.4V |
15S na 16S LFP NTIBISHOBORA guhindurwa. Nabonye aba clients bagerageza kuzigama amahera bakoresheje chargeur ya 15S ku bateri 16S. Inyishu: nta na rimwe yishura birenze 85% SOC. Igihushane n’ico ni co giteye akaga kuruta: 16S charger ku bateri 15S ituma umuntu agira charge birenze urugero ataco akora.
Igihe cose ugenzure igitigiri c’utugingo ngengabuzima mu gihe c’ugugura. Inguvu z’umuriro zonyene ntizihagije.
Amasezerano y'itumanaho ni umuvurungano
Mu vyiyumviro, amashaja afise ubutumwa bwa CAN arashobora gukorana na BMS mu gihe nyaco-, agahindura mu buryo bukomeye ibipimo vy’ugushaja bishingiye ku mimerere ya bateri. Mu bikorwa:
Abahinguzi batandukanye bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. CAN 2.0 igaragaza gusa urugero rw'umubiri. Ivyo bishika hejuru y'ivyo ni ivy'umucuruzi-.
Ibintu nahuye navyo:
- Bateri y’ubwoko bwa A ifise chargeur y’ubwoko bwa B: CAN cable ifatanye, ariko gufata ukuboko birananirwa. Yarangije ayikoresha nk'"chargeur y'ikiragi".
- Uwugurisha avuga ko "GB/T 27930 ihuye," ariko ibikorwa vy'ishimikiro gusa nivyo bikora. Amabwirizwa yagutse ntashigikiwe rwose
- Abahinguzi ba bateri banse gusangira inyandiko z'amasezerano, bavuga "amabanga y'ubucuruzi".
Iciyumviro canje:
Niba udashaka umutwe, ugure bateri n’ichargere biva ku kimenyetso kimwe, canke uronke ivyemezo vyanditse vy’uguhuza n’amaraporo y’ugutanga ibikorwa bivuye ku baguzi. Amahera uzigama ugura ukwawe yoshobora kutazokwishura amahera yo gukosora mu nyuma.
Ivyo bivuzwe, iyo ufise abahinga b’amashanyarazi bashobora gukora ubufatanye bw’amasezerano bonyene, kugura bitandukanye birashobora kuzigama 15%~20%.
Uko wohitamwo igiciro co kwishura
Ivyo ndabibazwa kenshi, rero ng’iyi inyishu yanje yunze ubumwe:
| Ivyabaye | Igiciro ciza | Ivyiyumviro |
|---|---|---|
| Igihe kimwe, 8+ amasaha yo gushaja mw'ijoro | 0.3C~0.5C | Gushaja buhoro ni vyiza cane kuri bateri |
| Igihe c'imisi ibiri, kwishura ku masaha y'ijoro n'ijoro | 0.5C~0.8C | Uburinganire hagati y'umuvuduko n'ubuzima buramba |
| Guhindura incuro zitatu birabandanya, gusa ibihengeri bigufi | 1C | Amahirwe yo kwishura |
| Ivyago | 1.5C | Gukoresha rimwe na rimwe gusa, si umugenzo usanzwe |
Gucagura vuba hejuru ya 1C biratuma bateri yihuta gusenyuka, ariko none ni bingana iki nyavyo? Mu kuri,Inganda ntizashitse ku masezerano. Amakuru y’abahinguzi bamwebamwe yerekana itandukaniro ritoyi, ariko mu migambi yacu nyayo twabonye nk’1%~1.5% vy’ugusenyuka kw’umwaka ku 1C igumaho ugereranije na 0.5C. Ingano y’akarorero iracari nto; ivyo ubifate nk’ishingiro gusa.
ROI: Ntubeshwe n’imibare myiza
Ivyigwa vyo kuri Internet vy’amabateri ya litiyumu akenshi biraboneka neza: amezi 28 y’ugusubiza, uzigama amahera X mu myaka 5... Biragerageza, ariko imigambi nyayo ntabwo ikunda gushika ku vyo umuntu yitega.
Ehe ikibazo nyaco, harimwo n'ivyacitse nabi
2023, ububiko bw’ibikoresho vyo mu nzu mu Bushinwa bwo mu Bumanuko, 40 zishika ku bikamyo bihindura aside y’amabuye y’agaciro-ihinduka litiyumu. Imbere y'umugambi wacu:
Igiciro c'umwaka c'amabateri y'umwimerere-
| Umutwe | Igiciro c'umwaka (¥) |
|---|---|
| Gutakaza agaciro ka bateri (ubuzima bw'imyaka 3) | 480,000 |
| Gusenyuka kw'agaciro ka bateri | 480,000 |
| Umushahara w'umukozi wo guhindura amabateri (abantu 2) | 168,000 |
| Gusanasana bateri | 42,000 |
| Ubukode bw'icumba ca bateri (40m2) | 48,000 |
| Yose | 1.218.000 / umwaka |
Igiciro c'umwaka c'umuti wa litiyumu (Itegekanijwe)
| Umutwe | Igiciro c'umwaka (¥) |
|---|---|
| Gutakaza agaciro ka bateri (ubuzima bw'imyaka 8) | 310,000 |
| Amabateri y'inyuma arakenewe | 0 |
| Abakozi bo guhindura amabateri barakenewe | 0 |
| Ibiciro vyo kwitaho | 8,000 |
| Yose | 318.000 / umwaka |
Ivyabaye mu vy’ukuri:
Ukwezi kwa 8:
Ivyo vyavumbuwe ko ama forklift 5 yari afise ubushobozi bwo gukoresha burenze kure ivyo yari yiteze (uburyo bwo gutera intege abashoferi ni bwo bwatumye ivyo biba). Izo bateri zarasenyutse zishika ku bice 82 kw’ijana mu kwezi kwa 14, ni ukuvuga vyihuta incuro zibiri kuruta uko vyari bitezwe .
Ukwezi kwa 11:
Ijoro ry’umukozi mushasha ntiyatahura amategeko, yashize mu gikoresho co gutwara ibintu gikonje -imbere y’uko gishuha. 2 amabateri yari afise inkengeri za BMS
Ukwezi kwa 16:
Igikoresho kimwe co gucapura carananiwe. Yarindiriye imisi 28 ku bice biva hanze. Iyo forklift yari imaze hafi ukwezi kumwe ihagaze .
Ukwezi kwa 20:
Ivyiyumviro vyerekanye ko amafaranga nyayo yazigamiwe yari hafi 25% munsi y’ivyo vyari bitezwe, ahanini bivuye ku kwiyongera kw’ibiciro vy’amashanyarazi be n’ibikoresho bimwe bimwe bitashitse ku ntego z’ikoreshwa .
Ivyo vyishurwa vy’ukuri: amezi 23,Amezi 9 aruta amezi 14 yari yitezwe.
Ivyo mu vy’ukuri vyari umugambi ugenda neza. Nabonye bibi kuruta: ubucuruzi buragabanuka bukwi na bukwi bugasiga ibikoresho bitagira ico bikora, canke ibibazo vy'uburyo bwa bateri bisaba ko abantu benshi basubira mu ruganda...
Ico mvuga ni:
Ibara ry'abaguzi ROI ni ryo ryiza-ibintu. Uze wubake ingengo y’imari yawe ku 70% vy’ivyo bategekanya. Nimba 70% biguma bigufasha, birashoboka ko uwo mugambi ukomeye.
Gushaja mu buryo bukonje: Ivyiyumviro bidasanzwe ku bijanye no kubika ibintu bikonje
Nta charge iri munsi ya 0℃ni ubumenyi bw’ishimikiro ntazosobanura neza. Ico nshaka kuganirako ni ikibazo gikora ku bijanye n’ibintu vyo kubika ibintu bikonje:Bateri imaze igihe kingana iki ivuye mu bubiko bukonje imbere y’uko ishobora gucagura?
Nta n'inyishu rusangi, kuko umuvuduko wo gushusha-uvana na:
- Uburemere bwa bateri (100kg vs 300kg bitera itandukaniro rikomeye)
- Ibikoresho vy'igisandugu (aluminium itwara ubushuhe ningoga kurusha plastique)
- Ubushuhe bwo mu bidukikije n'impwemu
- Nimba uburyo bwo gushushanya bukora bushizweho
Twaragerageje bateri 400Ah/220kg (ibanga ry’ibara ry’umubiri) iva kuri -18℃gushika kuri 25℃mu bidukikije vyo mu nzu:
| Umwanya | Ubushuhe bw'ishimikiro | Ubushuhe bwo hejuru | Bishobora kwishurwa? |
|---|---|---|---|
| iminota 0 | -18 degre | -18 degre | ✗ |
| Iminota 60 | -12 degre | -4 degre | ✗ |
| Iminota 120 | -6 degre | +8 impapuro | ✗ |
| Iminota 180 | +1 impapuro | +16 impapuro | ✗ (kwegera uruzitiro) |
| Iminota 210 | +5 impapuro | +19 impapuro | ✓ (guca buhoro OK) |
Iciyumviro: Ubushuhe bw'imbere buva ku gipimo c'imbere, ubushuhe bwo ku ruhande biciye ku gipimo c'ubushuhe
Raba itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubushuhe bwo mu mutima n’ubwo ku ruhande.Abantu benshi bakora ku gitereko ca bateri, bakiyumvira ngo "ntaco kigikonja," ariko imbere yoshobora kuba ikiri munsi y'ubukonje. BMS isoma ubushuhe bwo mu mutima, rero ubona "ubushuhe hanze ariko n'ubu ntuzokwishura" ibintu. Ivyo ni uburinzi busanzwe. Ntuvyirengagize.
Mbega birabereye gushiramwo uburyo bwo gushusha?
Ivyuma vya BMS bifise ubushobozi bwo gushusha imbere y’igihe vyongera hafi ¥4,000~¥6,000 (bitandukanye cane n’ibara). Birabereye?
Itegeko ryanje ry'urukumu:
Nimba ibikoresho vyawe vyinjira no gusohoka mu bubiko bukonja incuro zirenga zibiri ku musi, nubishiremwo. Nimba ari rimwe na rimwe gusa, ntubikore.
Iyo umuntu asusurutse, igihe co gushusha kiragabanuka kuva ku masaha 3~4 kikaja ku minota 30~40. Ku ¥80/isaha y'agaciro k'ibikorwa, kuzigama amasaha 2 ku musi bisigura ¥160. Mu kiringo c’imbeho (imisi 120), ivyo ni ¥19.200 zizigamye. Ivyiza vy’ishoramari bizokwishurwa nk’amezi 3.
Ariko nimba ibikoresho bikunda kwinjira mu bubiko bukonje, ntuvyiyumvire. Ushobora gukoresha inyishu z'ubuhinga buke: ushireho "ahantu h'ubushuhe" ku bushuhe bwo mu cumba, uhagarare aho igice c'isaha igihe bateri itera inkengeri y'ubukonje imbere yo gushaja. Ntibibereye, ariko ni ubuntu.
Ibibazo Nanje Ntaco Namenye
Muri iki gihe, ndashaka kuvuga ata buryarya ibibazo bimwe bimwe ntagira inyishu zitomoye:
1. Ni ubuhe buzima nyakuri bw’ingendo y’amabateri ya LFP?
Ivyerekeye abahinguzi kenshi vyerekana inzinguzingu 3000~6000, bamwe mbere 8000. Ariko ivyo ni ivy’i laboratwari: ubushuhe budahinduka bwa degre 25, 0.5C charge/discharge, 80% DoD. Ibidukikije vy’ukuri vy’inganda birafise ubushuhe buhinduka, ibipimo vy’amashaja bidashikamye, DoD akenshi irenga 80%... Ni igice kingana iki c’amakuru ya laboratwari ahindurwa mu buzima nyakuri-y’isi? Umugambi wacu muremure-ukurikiranywe ni imyaka 5 gusa, ubunini bw'urugero ntibuhagije. Ntashobora gutanga imyanzuro yizewe.
2. Mbega vy’ukuri gucapura amahirwe biragabanya ubuzima?
Mu vy’impwemu, amabateri ya litiyumu aharura inzinguzingu zihuye, rero gucagura akaryo ntibikwiye gutuma habaho ugusenyuka kw’inyongera. Ariko ubushakashatsi bumwe bumwe bugaragaza ko inzinguzingu zitari nziza kenshi zituma SEI ikura vyihuta... Ivyigwa vy’inyigisho biracariko birabiganirako. Ico nshobora kuvuga cose ni ubumenyi buke dufise ku mugambi,ntitwabonye ingaruka mbi zigaragara gushika ubu.
3. Isoko ry’amabateri ya litiyumu akoreshwa rizotera imbere gute?
Ubu nta soko ry'inyuma ry'amabateri ya litiyumu y'inganda. Bateri zivuye mu kiruhuko c'izabukuru zija mu bikorwa vy'ubuzima bwa kabiri- canke zigasubira gukoreshwa. Ariko uko umupfunda wa mbere munini w’amabateri ya litiyumu y’inganda utangura guhagarika, iryo soko ryoshobora guseruka. Iyo amabateri ya litiyumu yakoreshejwe agurishwa kugiciro ca 30% c’ayandi mashasha mu myaka itanu, ingamba zo kwishura amafaranga y’imbere y’amabateri y’ubuzima buramba-ubu zikeneye gusubirwamwo.
Nta n’inyishu mfise kuri ivyo bibazo. Gusa kubishirako ibendera kugira ngo ushiremwo ukudakeka mu gutegura igihe kirekire-.
Ivyiyumviro vyanyuma
Niba uriko urakora ubushakashatsi bw’intango ku bijanye n’ugugura amabateri ya litiyumu, ivyiyumviro vyanje:
- Ubanze utahure ivyo ukeneye vy'ukuri: Ivyo ukoresha ku musi, amadirisho yo gushaja, aho ukorera. Ivyo ubipime canke ubiharure wewe nyene; Ntiwizere bimwe bishitse amabarabara y'ugurisha
- Uronke amajambo avuye ku bacuruzi 2~3: Ntugereranye ibiciro gusa, ariko n'ivyifuzo vy'imiterere, amajambo y'igarantiya, n'inyishu y'ugurisha inyuma ya-
- Saba ibibazo vy'inganda imwe -: Ni vyiza iyo ushobora gusura kuri-urubuga ukavugana n'abakoresha nyabo ku bijanye n'ivyo baciyemwo
- Igabanuka rya ROI ryitezwe na 30%: Igitigiri c'abaguzi ni co ciza-case. Ihe uruhande rwawe
Niba ufise ibibazo vyihariye woganirako, usige amajambo. Nzokwishura ni nababona. Ibibazo vyerekeye impanuro canke amajambo yihariye y’ibara sinzovyishura ku mugaragaro; wohereze ubutumwa bwihariye.
Ivyiyumviro bivugwa bigereranya ivyo umuntu yiboneye gusa kandi ntibigira impanuro ku bijanye n’ugutanga amasoko. Amakuru yava mu migambi y’Ubushinwa bwo mu Buseruko yo mu 2024~2025; izindi ntara zishobora gutandukanywa.
