Bateri y’ibintu vy’agaciro ikoreshwa mu bikorwa igihumbi. Ivyawe kumbure si ivy’agaciro, ni co gituma akenshi iyi paji yuguruye. Rero ikibazo c’ingirakamaro si nimba amabateri ya litiyumu ion ashobora gutsinda ipaki y’urutonde; ku mpapuro hafi y’igihe cose barashobora. Ikibazo ni nimba iyo premium igura ikintu ibikoresho vyawe bikeneye vy’ukuri, canke ikintu uzoriha ntuzokwigere ukoresha.
Ukwo gutandukanya ni ho benshi mu baguzi batakaza amahera, mu nzira zompi. Bamwe -bakoresha amahera menshi ku bijanye n'ubuhinga bw'ibintu vyari gushobora gupfukwa. Abandi barahenda ku giciro gisanzwe kibatakaza umwanya wo gukora buri shift mu myaka. Ivyo bikurikira ni inzira y’ingingo tugendana n’abaguzi ba OEM n’abaguzi b’ubwato imbere y’uko umuntu wese ashirako umukono, harimwo n’ibice bitigera bigira igiciro.
Ivyo bihembo biva gusa iyo igice c'ibarabara kidashobora gukora ako kazi vy'ukuri
Igikoresho ca litiyumu-ion gisanzwe kiriha mu bihe bitatu, kandi kigahungabana hanze yavyo. Ica mbere, iyo igice gifise ubuhinga budasanzwe kandi igice gisanzwe gitakaza 20–40% vy’umubare uriho: umwanya wari gushobora gukoresha mu gihe co gukora. Ubwa kabiri, igihe iyo pack itegerezwa kuvugana n’umugenzuzi w’imashini yawe kuri CAN canke RS485, kandi urubaho rwo kurinda rusangi ntiruzobikora. Ica gatatu, iyo igikorwa cicaye hanze y’ibiharuro vy’urutonde: ubushobozi bwo guhindura vyinshi, ububiko bwa zero, uguhungabana gukomeye -.
Hanze y'ivyo bitatu, igice ca LiFePO4 gihuye neza-gikunda gutsinda kugiciro cose, kuko nturiko uriha kugira ngo usubire -guhingura ikintu cariho. Ico kibanza gishirwaho n’uguhatirwa, atari n’ugushaka gutera imbere. Nimba imvo yawe yonyene yo gukora bespoke ari "dushaka ivyiza," uriko uriha amafaranga y'ibikoresho n'ivyemezo kugira ngo ubone inyungu ntoyi, kiretse iyo imwe muri izo nzitizi zitatu ari ukuri, muri ico gihe iyo nkuru nyene ni ubwishingizi buzimvye uzogura umwaka wose.
Ivyo uriko uriha mu vy’ukuri, n’igihe amahera azogaruka
Inzira-yagutse iratomoye bihagije kugira ngo utegure hirya no hino. Lithium{2}}ion iracari ubuhinga bukeyi mu bushobozi bwo gutuma umuntu akora (aside y’amabuye y’agaciro yari ifise hafi 70% vy’isoko ry’amabateri y’ibikoresho vyo guterura ibintu mu 2025), ariko ni co gice gikura cane, kandi abakoresha ubuhinga bukonje cane cane bariko bahindukira bakoresha litiyumu ubushobozi bwo kugumya (Ubwenge bwa Mordor). Ibiciro vy’amapaki vyagumye bigabanuka, bigabanya ikinogo c’imbere n’ivy’amabuye y’agaciro bishika kuri 20–30% nk’ingero zo kwemera, mu gihe kwihuta-guca bituma ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho riduga hafi 15–25% (Ububiko bw'urutonde).
Ku -ibikorwa-isaha, isesengura ryigenga rya TCO muri rusangi rishiramwo ipaki ya litiyumu hafi 30–40% ihendutse kuruta aside y'amabuye y'agaciro mu idirisha ry'imyaka itanu-, kandi imara incuro nyinshi nk'ingendo nyinshi zisanzwe zikoreshwa: LiFe the4 3.000–5.000, ugereranije n’amajana makeyi gushika ku gihumbi ku mabateri basubirira. Ivyo bipimo birahambaye ku bateri y’ivyuma vy’i litiyumu kuruta kure cane igiciro c’ivyo bimenyetso.
Ariko igiharuro si itariki yo kwishura, kandi iki ni co gihinduka amajambo menshi asiga: akaruhuko kawe-mbere kavana hafi n'ingene umutungo ukora cane. Ikigo c'ugukwiragiza c'imisi itatu-kirasubirana amahera y'imbere mu myaka mikeyi hanyuma kigacapura amahera y'imbere inyuma y'aho. Igikoresho co guterura ibintu gikora amasaha ane ku musi, imisi itatu ku ndwi, gishobora kutazokwigera gishika ku karuhuko-mbere n’imbere y’uko ico gikoresho ubwaco kiruhuka.
Muri abo babiri uri uwuhe si uguteba: kigwa mu bintu bitatu vyinjizwa (amashifu ku musi, ubushuhe bwo mu karere, n’amadirisho y’ugushaja), kandi kubifata nabi ni ingene igiciro c’amabateri ya litiyumu gisanzwe kibura umwaka canke birenze. Imbere y’uko wemeza inyubakwa ishingiye ku giciro, genda urugendo rwawe rw’ibikorwa biciye mu mibare aho gukoresha uruzitiro rusangi; gwacuBateri y'ikinyabiziga ROI gusenyukairashiraho ivyinjijwe mu vy’ukuri bituma inyishu igenda.
Spec ku nzira y'ibikorwa, si ku rupapuro rw'amakuru
Guhitamwo ubuhinga bwa shimi biva ku kibazo kimwe: ibikoresho vyawe vyoba bitinya ubukonje canke bitinya uburemere? LiFePO4 igura ugushikama kw’ubushuhe, ubuzima burebure bw’ingendo, n’uguhangana n’ibihe bikanye-; NMC igura uburemere bw’inguvu mu ibahasha ritoyi, ryoroshe, ubudandaji nyakuri bw’ibinyabiziga bifise uburemere-. Iyo ngingo imwe gusa ni yo itwara vyinshi mu bikurikira, kandi ni umutima w’ikiyago cose c’ukuri co guhingura amabateri ya litiyumu. Kuva ng’aho, umuriro n’ubushobozi bikurikirana umuriro w’isonga ry’imashini n’amadirisho yo gusubiramwo umuriro, yaba intumbero ari .Bateri y'umuyagankubacanke imodoka y'ubuhinga iri hasi-, kandi igipimo c'ugusohoka C-kigomba guhura n'igihe kibi kuruta ibindi vyose c'umuzigo, atari umubare wawo.
Ibihinduka abaguzi bari munsi ya -uburemere ni ivyo ku mubiri. Uburinzi bw’ibintu biva mu mazi, ugucungera ubushuhe be n’ugushiramwo ibintu mu buryo bw’ubuhinga ni vyo bifata ingingo nimba ipaki ishobora kurokoka ibidukikije canke yononekara muri yo. Nimwirengagize kandi ipaki yari yashitse ku kigeragezo cayo co ku ntebe irananirwa mu nzira y’ifiriji canke igahungabana ku gicapo c’inyuma kinyiganyiga mu mezi makeyi.
| Impinduka y'umugambi | UbuzimaPO4 bwiheka | NMC yiheka | Ni igiki kiyifata ingingo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuzima bw'ingendo | Igihe kirekire (ibihumbi vy'ingendo) | Mugufi | Igishushanyo c'uguhindura, ukwihanganira gusubirizwa |
| Uburemere bw'inguvu | Hasi (ipaki iremereye) | Hejuru (ikomeye) | Uburemere n'aho bigarukira |
| Ibikorwa bikonje | Ikomeye cane n'ukwishushanya- | Intege nke | Ububiko / ubushuhe bwo gukoresha |
| Ubushuhe bushikama | Hejuru | Bikeneye ubugenzuzi bukomeye | Umutekano, ingorane z'umuriro |
| Igiciro ku nzira | Hasi ku buzima | Hejuru | Uko umutungo ukora cane |
Ivyiyumviro vy'ukunanirwa nta n'umwe ashira mu kibanza c'ugurisha
Aha niho imigambi y’imigenzo mu vy’ukuri igenda nabi, kandi ni gake cane ari utugingo ngengabuzima. Ico tubona cane ni uguhanahana amakuru kwa BMS guca mu kigeragezo cose c’intebe hanyuma bikagwa mu murima. CAN, UART, na RS485 ni igihe-bivana, kandi amakosa yabo akunda kugaragara gusa mu gihe c'umuzigo uremereye wa bisi, neza na neza igihe c'imirongo myinshi-intebe yawe ntiyigera isubiramwo. Umuguzi ataremeje ubutungane bw’ikimenyetso, umuzigo, n’uguhera mu gihe c’uruja n’uruza nyarwo ariko araguha ikosa ryerekana inyuma y’ugushirwaho, atari imbere; ni co kimwe c'ingorane gituma umuntu agira inderoGucungera amabateri ya AGVlean guhanura aho gusubiza.
Gutahura ubushuhe birananirwa mu buryo buteye ubwoba. Shira sensor mu mufuko w’ipaki uhora ukonje canke ushushe maze BMS isome ikinyoma, hanyuma ishushe igihe idakwiye canke igahagarika gukonja igihe itegerezwa. Hariho kandi n'abaguzi bakunda gufata minenerwe: urubaho rwo kurinda -urwo ku ruhande ruguha amahera menshi, amahera menshi, n'igihe gito -guca umurongo nta kindi. Ico gifata ingingo y'uko ukeneye porogarama y'ubuhinga busanzwe ni coroshe kurusha uko bivugwa: mbega ipaki yawe itegerezwa kuvugana n'imashini y'umushitsi, kandi mbega ukeneye ivy'ukuri-vy'-ivy'ugushaja, ivy'uburinganire, n'ivy'ubushuhe? SoC y’ukuri, uburinganire bw’ubwenge, gukora amakuru y’ubushuhe, n’uguhanahana amakuru gusukuye kw’abashitsi vyose biba muri kode isanzwe, umurongo utandukanya ipaki ikora n’ipaki ikora ata nkomanzi mu myaka cumi. Niho kandi bibereyeimyimenyerezo yo gushaja bateri ya litiyumun’ugushirwa mu ngiro mu mpapuro aho gusigara uwubikoresha.
Kandi urugero si ugukopa-gushiramwo. Ipaki ifise amajana y'utugingo ngengabuzima ntiyigenza nk'ipaki ntoyi yashizwe ku rugero-; n’uburinganire bw’imirongo, ubusaza butaringaniye, n’ubushuhe bwo hejuru vyose bihurikiye hamwe, ni co gituma ukwizigirwa kwa BMS idakoresha amashanyarazi mu bihe vy’ukuri bikiri ikibazo c’ubushakashatsi kigutse aho kuba ikibazo gisanzwe (IEEE Ukwinjira). Nta na kimwe muri ivyo ari ikintu kidasanzwe. Imwe yose ntiboneka mu gusubiramwo kandi irazimvye mu guhingura, rero iri ku rutonde rw'ibibazo vyawe, atari mu nyuma-mortem.
Imigambi ibiri, n’icayitandukanya
Beton ikubita abstract hano. Ku ruhande rw’ukunanirwa, ububiko bumwe bwo muri São Paulo bwasubirije ubwato bwabwo bwose bw’amabateri y’amapaleti-jack amezi cumi n’ane gusa amaze gukoreshwa, atari kubera ko amabateri yari mabi, ahubwo ni kubera ko igikoresho co gucapura cari kitahuye n’ivyo cari mu gipapuro. Ivyo ni ukubura kw'imibare itanu-kurikiwe n'ikintu kimwe carirengagijwe, kandi vyari bishobora kwirindwa ku rwego rwo guhingura aho ku rwego rwo gusubirira (igikoresho co gushaja-uburongozi bwo guhitamwo). Ububiko bukonja buzana uburyo bumwe: nko kuri −20℃, ipaki idafise ubushuhe buke-bushobora gutakaza umugabane munini w’ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoreshwa kandi ishobora kutakwemera amahera na gato munsi y’ubukonje, rero ibikoresho vyagenda neza mu bibanza vy’icuma mu rushana. Ni co gituma umuntu akwiyeubukonje-ubuhinga bwo kubika ubushuhesi ubusabe ku bikorwa vy'ifiriji.
Uruhande rw’uguterimbere ruraboneka mu buryo butandukanye cane cane mu gukurikiranya. Ku mashini ishobora gutwara X-ray yubatswe, ihindura plug-in AC unit mu DC igendagenda imbere mu rugo rudahinduka ku bijanye n'igihe co gushaja, ikipe yasohoye ivyerekanwa vy'ubuhinga bikora mbere kugira ngo yemeze iciyumviro, itera ubucuruzi bw'umukiriya-yerekanye umusi w'iherezo gusa. Icigwa abaguzi bakwiye gukura muri ivyo bitandukanye n’ikidateye igomwe: imigambi iroranirwa yemeza ivyiyumviro bishobora gutera ingorane hakiri kare, ku bigereranyo; ivyo bibura birabivumbura mu murima.
Uko wosuzuma uwugurisha amabateri imbere yo gusinya
Paje y’igicuruzwa c’umucuruzi irakubwira ivyo bashobora kwubaka. Ntizokubwira nimba umugambi wawe ushobora kurokoka guhura n’uguhingura. Ivyo ni vyo bibazo bitandukanya umucuruzi w’amabateri ya litiyumu akwiye kwizigirwa n’uwuzokwigira ku giciro cawe:
- Kwemeza ivy’uguhanahana amakuru.Baza cane cane ingene bagerageza CAN/RS485 mu gihe c’umuzigo munini w’ibisi, atari mu gihe c’ubusa gusa. Gushira intugu aha ni inyishu.
- Ubwirinzi bwa porogaramu nshasha.Mbega barandika kandi bagacungera firmware yabo ya BMS, canke bagasubira kugurisha board? Inyifato y’akamenyero ikeneye kode y’akamenyero.
- Igitabu c'icemezo.UL, CE, IEC 62133, UN 38.3, na MSDS bikwiye kuba ibiti vy’ameza, bifise ibipapuro vyubahiriza amategeko ya UN 3480 ku bijanye n’ugutwara ibintu. Wemeze ko zifiswe, zitari "ziboneka": uburyo bwacuIshirahamwe n'ivyemezoni ukugira ngo umuntu asuzumwe, ntibifatwe ku kwizera.
- MOQ n’amajambo y’akarorero.Baza umubare nyawo w’ibintu bikenewe n’uko bazobanza kwubaka ivyerekanwa vy’ubuhinga vyishyurwa. Uwugurisha ibintu asubiramwo MOQ y’amabateri ya litiyumu ata buryarya, kandi akagaragaza iciyumviro imbere y’uko akoresha ibikoresho, ariko arakingira urutonde rwawe rw’igihe, ntariko ararupfuka.
- Ivyanditswe bishobora gukurikirana.Ibice vyashizweho, ibihugu vyakorewe, n'amajambo y'igarantiya ashobora kugenzurwa bikubita ibimenyetso igihe cose.
Ishure ivyo bisukuye maze chemistry ibe igice coroshe. Ariko urutonde rwo gusuzuma rusuzuma gusa abadakwiriye: ikintu mu vy’ukuri gifata ingingo y’umugambi ni nimba uwuguha ibikoresho azokubwira igihe umugenzo ari wo muhamagaro mubi ku kibazo cawe, kandi benshi ntibazogenda kure y’itegeko kugira ngo babivuge. Iyo kamere imwe, kuruta icemeza ico ari co cose, ni co imyaka cumi yo gutwara ibintu mu bihugu 80+ yigisha kurondera.
None, umugenzo woba ukubereye?
Kuraho ivy’ubudandaji maze bikamanuka ku kigeragezo kimwe: mbega ikintu nyaco kibuza (imiterere, uguhanahana amakuru, canke ibidukikije) gituma igipapuro co ku ruhande kidakora? Niba ari egome, igipapuro ca litiyumu-iyoni gisanzwe ni uburyo buzimvye bwo guhagarika gutakaza umwanya wo gukora, kandi ibibazo vy'abaguzi biri hejuru birahambaye kuruta urupapuro rw'amakuru rw'agace. Nimba atarivyo, ukoreshe amahera y’imbere ahandi maze ugure ivy’agaciro.
Aho inzitizi ari nyayo kandi wohitamwo kutamenya uburyo bwo kunanirwa hejuru y’inzira igoye, ikipe yacu irakoraibisubizo vy'amabateri LiFePO4 ku bijanye n'inguvu n'ibikoresho vy'ingandahirya no hino y'ingendo y'akazi mbere, urutonde rugumiza amabateri y'iyon ya litiyumu atari mu kirundo c'inyuma y'urupfu.
IBIBAZO bibazwa
Ni ryari bateri ya litiyumu ion ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bubereye kuruta iyindi bateri isanzwe?
Igihe ipaki isanzwe idashobora guhura n’intambamyi nyayo, ikibanza kidasanzwe, ubutumwa bw’umugenzuzi, canke ubushuhe bukaze n’uguhungabana. Iyo ata kimwe muri ivyo, neza-ihuye n'ibindi bimenyetso akenshi biratsinda kugiciro.
Ni bangahe igipapuro ca litiyumu gikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe kigura kuruta aside y’amabuye y’agaciro, kandi ni ryari kivyishura?
Igiciro c’imbere caragabanutse kija kuri 20–30%, ariko igiciro c’isaha -mu bisanzwe kigenda 30–40% hasi kandi ubuzima buramba incuro nyinshi; kwishura bivana n'ingene umutungo ukora cane, kenshi mu myaka mikeyi ku gukoresha imisi myinshi-.
Ni ibihe bintu bikunze kunanirwa cane mu migambi y’amabateri y’abantu?
Amakosa yo guhanahana amakuru ya BMS aboneka gusa mu gihe c'umuzigo uremereye, ibimenyetso vy'ubushuhe bishizwe ahantu hatabereye, ibikoresho vy'ugushaja bidahuye n'ivyo bikoresho, no kubura ubushuhe buke-bw'ibidukikije bikanye.
Ni ivyemezo ibihe bateri ya litiyumu y’inganda ikwiye guhura na yo?
Mu bisanzwe UL, CE, IEC 62133, UN 38.3, na MSDS, hamwe n’ibipapuro vyubahiriza amategeko ya UN 3480 kugira ngo birungikwe mu mahanga.
