Igishushanyo ciza c'umuriro wa LiFePO4: Inyobora yuzuye y'uburongozi bwa bateri

Inguvu zituma inganda zikora - 24V gushika ku miterere ya 80V.

Imyaka itandatu yo gupima no gukoresha ubuhinga bwa LFP mu nganda mu gukwiragiza no mu bikorwa vy’uruzitiro rw’ubukonje bizokwigisha ikintu kimwe ku bijanye n’ibiharuro vy’umuriro ata rupapuro rw’amakuru ruvuga: umubare uri ku kigaragaza ca BMS mu gihe c’ihinduka rikora uriko urasunikwa hirya no hino n’imiburiburi ibihinduka bine icarimwe, kandi igiharuro ca exa for zero. Nabonye ingingo z'amasoko zifatwa ku mibare y'amabara meza maze igaca igwa mu nzira mu mezi umunani. Ivyo nivyo iyi nsiguro ivuga mu vy'ukuri - imbonerahamwe iri musi ni intango, si inyishu.

Igikoresho c'umuriro: imiterere y'inganda

Ivyerekana LFP bimenyerewe kuri internet vyubatswe ku bakoresha izuba mu nzu ku miterere ya 4S canke 8S. Ivy’ukuri kuri abo, bibi ku bikoresho vyo mu bubiko. Imibare iri musi yerekana imiterere y’ububasha nyabwo bw’inganda.

Igipande kimwe: 3.20V izina / 3.65V charge y’igisenge / 2.50V y’ibarabara ryose.

Hari umutego wa 48V ukwiye kumenya imbere y'uko amasoko afunga. Ivyuma bimwe bimwe vy’ugucapura aside vy’amabuye y’agaciro-n’ibikoresho vy’ugucungera imodoka bikoreshwa mu ruganda -kugira amapaki ya 15S, bicapura kugeza kuri 54.75V yuzuye aho gucapura gushika ku gisenge ca 16S c’58.4V. Shiramwo 16S pack muri iyo system ntiyigera ishika ku charge yuzuye y’ukuri. Ico kimenyetso kimeze nk’akaga k’ubushobozi. Twarabonye ibikorwa bimara amayinga menshi bikurikirana ingorane y’ingingo ngenderwako mu vy’ukuri yari ukudahuza kw’imirongo. Urutonde rw'igenzura rwo gukoresha rwa Polinovel rukoresha umugenzuzi-charger-pack y'ugusuzuma ko umuriro uhuye n'ivyo ushizeho kubera iyo mpamvu nyene - ni ubwoko bw'ikintu kigaragara inyuma ya PO, atari imbere.

Kubera iki ugusoma umuriro mu gihe c'ihinduka ry'ubuzima ari ikinyoma

Igiharuro c’amazi asohoka muri LFP kiri hafi y’aho kiri hagati ya 20% na 80% SOC. Ku nzira ya 48V, urutonde rwose rw'ibikorwa vy'umwimbu w'igice - igice gihambaye mu vy'ukuri mu bikorwa - gifata hafi 52V gushika kuri 54V. Amavolt abiri arenga 60% y’ubushobozi buriho. Igiharuro ca SOC gishingiye ku nkomezi-gikora muri iyo nzira ntaco kiriko kirapima; iriko iratera imbere biciye mu rusaku, kandi shimi ntaco itanga co gushingirako. (ihuriro ry'izuba.com)

Kugira ngo umuntu aronke umuriro wo kuruhuka usukuye ushobora guhura neza na SOC bisaba ko iyo pack yicara ataco ikora iminota 30 gushika ku masaha 4 ata muzigo kandi ata charge current. Mu gikorwa co guhindura kabiri -naakaryo ko kwishurayubatswe mu mirongo y’akaruhuko, iryo dirisha ntiribaho. BMS iriko irasoma igihimba c’umuriro wose ushobora gusenyuka igihe umuzigo wa nyuma wasigaye inyuma, umuriro usigaye wo ku ruhande uva hejuru -herutse, n’ingaruka z’ubudahangarwa bwo mu mutima zigenda zitera hejuru uko utugingo ngengabuzima tugenda turakura. Ivyo ubishire hamwe kandi ikigaragaza SOC gitwara ±15–20% y’ikosa ry’urutonde igihe umuriro uriko urakora igiharuro. Twarabonye ibigaragaza bisomwa 45% ku mapaki yari yicaye ku 28%. Yabonetse 60% imbere y'uko umuriro muto -uhagarara.

BMS y'inganda ya Polinovel ikoresha ubuhinga bwo guhinduranya -guharura kwa coulombnk’uburyo bwa mbere bwa SOC. Iryo shunt ripima ampere-segonda nyayo kandi algorithme igumya uburinganire bw'inguvu zigenda zikosowe kubera ubushuhe n'ugukura. Ugutahura neza kw’itongo guhora kuri ±3–5%, ivyo bikaba bihuye n’ivyo amakuru yacu yerekana mu mirongo yose ikoreshwa. Inguvu z'umuriro ziracanditswe - zikoreshwa mu kumenya amakosa yo mu rwego rw'agace - no kumenya ukudahukana. Ntivyizigirwa gusa ku bijanye n’ugupima kwa leta, kuko fizike y’ubuhinga bwa LFP ntiyishigikira mu gihe c’ibikorwa bikomeye.

Igikoresho ca 80V gituma imibare iba nziza cane. Utugingo ngengabuzima mirongo ibiri-dutanu mu rutonde. Ugukekeranya kw’ingero y’ingero ya 0.1V ku -cell kwirundanira gushika kuri 2.5V ku rugero rw’ipaki. Ivyo birahagije kugira ngo umuntu aserukire nabi SOC n’ibice 15–20 kw’ijana bivanye n’aho umurongo uri. Mu bikorwa: ikamyo yerekana 40% ku kigaragaza ifunga mid-lift kuko charge nyayo iri kuri 22%.

 

Ububiko Bukonje: Ingorane Zibiri, Kandi Abagurisha Bakubwira Imwe Gusa

Ibiganiro vyinshi vyo kugurisha kuubukonje-uruzitiro LFPkwemera ingorane iboneka: munsi ya 0℃, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imbere mu gice c'umubiri buraduga bihagije ku buryo umuriro ugabanuka munsi y'ibintu bikomeye bitera umuriro muto-uburinzi mu gihe umuriro ufise insiguro uguma mu gipapuro.

Abakoresha biyumvira ko bateri yacitse. Ni ingaruka y’ubushuhe, birarushiriza kuba bibi muri Ruhuhuma, kandi birababaza. Kandi birashoboka, kandi vyanditswe mu bikoresho vyinshi vy’abaguzi iyo usavye.

 

Ikibazo ca kabiri ni ico kitaronka ubushake, kandi ni kibi kuruta.

 

Ishaje urugingo rwa LFP ruri munsi y’ubukonje n’iyon za litiyumu zikwiye kwinjira mu anode ya graphite aho gutera ku ruhande nk’icuma ca litiyumu. Iyo litiyumu ipfutse ntisubira kwinjira iyo isohotse. Irarundanya, inzinguzingu ku yindi, igabanura ubudasiba ubushobozi bwo gukora. Igice kiyigira ubumara mu bucuruzi: ku nzira y’ubushobozi, ntaco itandukaniyeko n’ugukura kw’ikirangamisi. Hit cycle 1,800 n'ubushobozi bwa 70% ku mpapuro zishobora kugumaho 80% biciye mu nzira 3,500, kandi nta n'umwe muri bo afise amakuru atandukanya neza "yashizwe ku -5℃incuro mirongo ine muri Mukakaro uheze" n'"ugusenyuka gusanzwe." Ivyo biganiro vy’igarantiya ntibitorera umuti neza, kandi uwubikoresha aranywa ingaruka z’ibikorwa mu gihe impaka ziriko ziragenda.

 

Polinovel's cold-uruzitiro BMS ruhagarika intango y'umuriro mu nzira y'ibikoresho gushika utugingo ngengabuzima tuvuye ku rugero rwa 5 . Itunganywa nabi rya porogaramu nkuru canke ivugurura ntibishobora kuyihindura - ugufunga kuba munsi y'uruzitiro rwa porogaramu. Igikoresho co gushusha gikoreshwa n’inguvu z’injiza y’ivyo bikoresho, nta n’umwe asabwa kugira uruhara mu mukoresha. Ku bibanza bikoreshwa munsi ya -10 degrees ambient, duca dufata ubushuhe bujanye n’aho ubushuhe bukonja kuruta ubundi bwose mu nyubakwa. Gusobanura ubushuhe bwo mu bubiko busanzwe bituma habaho uburyo bukora ku rwego rwo hasi kandi bugasenyuka mu nzira y’ibifungurwa, ari ryo kosa ryo gusobanura rigaragara nk’ikirego c’igicuruzwa amezi 14 inyuma y’aho gitanguriye gukoreshwa.

 

Niba ivyerekeye bateri yawe vyanditswe ata kiganiro co gukuraho ubushuhe ku bijanye n’aho ukorera, nushireko ivyo imbere y’uko ikintu cose gishirwako umukono.

Igisenge c'Ishaja: Ivyo Gushinga Nta n'umwe Asuzuma Inyuma yo Gushiramwo

Ikibazo gica bugufi ku muntu wese akoresha ubwato bwa litiyumu burazwe: ni ubuhe voltage ceiling BMS yawe itunganijwe?

Abantu benshi ntibashobora kwishura ivyo. Injeniyeri w’ivyo bikoresho yarashizeho, aragenda, kandi iyo sisitemu yariko irakora ku kintu cose cari gisanzwe. Birahambaye kuko igipimo c'amashaja kigena nimba ipaki ikora inzinguzingu 3.500 canke hafi 7.500 mu bihe vy'ibikorwa bisa - kandi ntaco bitwara guhindura iyo umaze kumenya ico bikwiye kuba.

LFP electrode gusenyuka kwibanda ku mutwe w’umurongo w’amashanyarazi. Igihe cose umuntu agenda gushika ku 3.65V/cell ceiling yuzuye, akoresha umuvuduko munini w’amabuye y’agaciro biciye mu anode. Kurura iyo ceiling ku 3.45V/cell maze iyo peak stress irazimangana mu nzira yose y’ubuzima bwose bw’iyo pack. Ivyo bishobora guhinduka ni nk'ibice 15% vy'ubushobozi bwo kwishura - ariko ku bikorwa bikoresha amahirwe yo kwishura mu bihe vy'akaruhuko, ivyo 15% bifatwa cane cane n'incuro nyinshi zo kwishura. Abashoferi ntibabibona. Ikirangamisi kirabigira.

Ibikorwa vy'umusi umwe -gushaja ijoro ryose bikwiye gushika kuri 3.65V. Igihe co gusubirana kiriho, incuro z’ingendo ni nto, kandi itandukaniro ry’ugusenyuka ntirifunga mu bihe bisanzwe vyo gusubirira ibikoresho. Ibikorwa vy'imirongo ibiri -ku 1.5 ku musi biri ku rwego rw'ingingo: 3.50V iragura ubuzima bw'ikirangamisi 40–60% ku bikorwa vy'imirongo yuzuye, kandi mu mato yashizweho twatunganije ubu buryo ubushobozi bw'umukozi ku mirongo bugabanuka. Cold-uruzitiro n'ibikorwa bikomeye 24/7 bimenyeshwa kuri 3.45V kuva mu ntango, n'ugugabanya 15% kwubatswe mu gupima ubunini bw'amapaki aho kuvumburwa mu bikorwa amezi atandatu mu.

Igihe cose Polinovel ishirwaho, irungikwa n’inyandiko y’imiterere ya BMS iboshe ku nomero y’urutonde rw’umutungo - igipimo c’ugushaja, igikoresho co gutera uburinganire, uguhagarika kw’umuriro muto-, ugufunga ubushuhe, imiterere ya CAN. Iyo umuyobozi w’ubwato arazwe iyo sisitemu haciye imyaka ibiri, iyo ntunganyo iba iri mu nyandiko kandi irashobora gusuzumwa. Ni ido n’ido rihambaye kuruta uko ryumvikana iyo uburyo bwo guhindura buhindutse kandi umuntu akeneye kumenya nimba imiterere y’intango iguma ihuye n’igikorwa.

Ubushobozi busobanuwe: Ikinogo kiri hagati y'urupapuro rw'amakuru n'ivyo vyashikirijwe

Ubushobozi bugereranywa ku rupapuro rw'amakuru rwa LFP bupimwa ku 25 degrees y'ikirere, 0.5C y'ugusohoka, ku 2.5V ku -cell cutoff. Ico kibanza cawe gikora ku bushuhe butandukanye, amakamyo yawe arakwega cane kuruta 0.5C mu gihe c’umuzigo wuzuye wo guterura, kandi BMS yawe iraca hejuru ya 2.5V kugira ngo ikingire utugingo ngengabuzima. Nta na kimwe muri ivyo bimenyetso gihuye n’ico kigereranyo.

Ubushuhe bugabanuka niho ibihengeri binini bigaragara mu gutanga amasoko y'uruzitiro rw'ubukonje-. Imibare ivuye mu bimenyetso vy'amabateri mu rwego rwo gukora: 1–2% ubushobozi butakazwa ku degre iri hejuru ya degre 25 , 2–4% ku degre iri munsi ya degre 25 , n'iherezo ryo hasi ry'urwo rutonde ryihuta cane munsi ya -degre 10 . Igipapuro c’amazina c’amashanyarazi 600Ah gishikana mu nzira y’amazi y’ibara ry’agahama (-15 degrees) ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’umuzigo wo guterura kiriko kiratanga hafi 420–460Ah. Gusobanura ubushobozi bw’amazina ata gukoresha iyo mibare ni co kintu gihoraho cane c’ibirego vy’ibikorwa vy’umwaka wa mbere tubona mu guhindura ubwato bw’uruzitiro rukonje.

Ku nyubakwa y'amapaki - aha niho ibikorwa vy'uguhindura kimwe- n'ibiri - n'ibikorwa bitatu -vy'uguhindura bitandukanye mu buryo bufise insiguro. Igikapu kimwe--ku -ikamyo ikora neza ku bikorwa vy'imisi ibiri-imwe n'iyisanzwe. Icumba ca bateri kirazimangana, gushaja akaryo bituma umuzigo uguma wuzuye mu bihe vy’akaruhuko, ibisabwa vyo kwitaho biragabanuka cane. Ku bikorwa vy'imisi itatu - n'amadirisho y'akaruhuko ari munsi y'iminota 45, imiterere y'ipaki imwe -ikunda gutera ingorane z'ubushobozi hafi y'ukwezi kwa 18. Iryo paki ntirishobora gusubirana ubushobozi buhagije mu biruhuko bigufi kugira ngo rikomeze gukora neza mu gihe ca gatatu, kandi ubushobozi buratangura gusenyuka imbere y'uko umuntu wese yitandukanya n'icatumye. Ivyo bisaba ko habaho amapaki abiri y’ubushobozi bwo hagati - afise ibikorwa remezo vy’uguhindura, kandi urugero rwa TCO rukeneye gutanga inyishu ku bikoresho vyo guhindura n’ibirenge ku bijanye n’ubundi buryo bw’amapaki imwe manini cane afise ibisabwa vy’amahera menshi.

Ishirahamwe ry’abakoresha Polinovel rikora biciye ku rutonde rw’akazi, igihe co kuruhuka, idirisha ry’ugushaja, n’ubushuhe bwo mu nzu imbere y’uko riheza impanuro iyo ari yo yose yo gutunganya. Inyishu hafi y’igihe cose iratomoka iyo ivyo bintu vyinjijwe bimaze kuba ku meza. Umuntu wese asubiramwo igitigiri c’ubushobozi atabanje kubaza ivyerekeye uburyo bwo gukora, aba ariko arakora akoresheje ishusho idatunganye y’ingorane.

Igiciro cose c'ubutunzi: Gukoresha imibare

Ivyerekeye: ikamyo 10uburinganireubwato, ibikorwa vy'imisi ibiri-, imisi 250 y'ibikorwa ku mwaka. Inguvu ku madolari 0.12/kWh, abakozi bo gusanasana ku madolari 28/isaha, igihe co guhagarara kigura amadolari 75/isaha ku camyo ku ngaruka z’ubushobozi bwo gutora -n’-pack. Ivyo ni ivyiyumviro vy’ishingiro - umwanzuro w’uburongozi ufise mu mibumbe myinshi y’ibiciro vy’inganda zo muri Amerika, n’imibare nyayo ihinduka ishingiye ku bipimo vy’inguvu vyo mu karere n’ibiciro vy’abakozi.

Itandukaniro ry'ubushobozi: 87% urugendo-ku LFP vs. 72% kuaside yuzuye amabuye y'agaciro-. Igiciro c’igihe co guhagarara ca LFP kigaragaza ibintu vyabaye vy’amakosa ya BMS n’ihinduka rijanye n’ugutangura gukoresha-mu mwaka wa mbere; lead-acid figure ipfuka igihe co guhinduranya gitegekanijwe n'ikitategekanijwe mu myaka itanu.

Igikoresho co mu murongo w’icumba ca bateri gitangaza abantu batagishushanije mu buryo butomoye. Igikoresho co gutwara amakamyo 10-aside{5}}gifatanya amafuti kare 400–600 mu kibanza co gusanasana gifise umwuka, gifise aside- - ahantu ho gushaja, ahantu ho kuvomera, aho kwoza amaso, ahantu ho gukingira. Litiyumu opportunity charging ishiramwo ikibanza co gushaja gikomeye ku mpera y’umurongo wose canke ikibanza c’indege maze igasubiza ayo mashusho yose. Ku madolari 18–25 ku mfuruka kare mu giciro c’umwaka ku kibanza co gukwiragiza co hagati, ivyo ni amadolari 7.200–15.000 ku mwaka mu kirere kigaruka mu gukoresha neza. Ku bikorwa vyo gushitsa ibisagara aho uburebure bw’ibilometero ari ikintu gikomeye co kwagura ubushobozi, iki giharuro akenshi kigenda vyihuta kuruta ukugereranya inguvu.

Ivyishurwa vy'amahera y'ugugura mu gihe c'imisi ibiri-: amezi 12 gushika kuri 16. Inyuma y’ico gihe, amafaranga azigamiwe mu bikorwa ararundanywa ata bindi bintu bishika gushika ubuzima bw’ingendo bushitse. Ku 3.50V ya Polinovel ku bikorwa vy’imirongo ibiri-, ubuzima bw’ingendo ni 5,500+ ingendo ku 80% DoD - hafi imyaka 7 gushika ku 9 ku 1.5 ku musi.

Ivyo dutangaza, n’igituma bitandukanye n’ivyo dutangaza

Ivyiyumviro vy’ubuzima bw’ingendo muri iyi nganda hafi vyose ntibishobora kugenzurwa nk’uko vyavuzwe kubera ko ivyangombwa vy’ikigeragezo bitaboneka. Igerageza ry’ugusohora 0.2C ku 25℃ritanga imibare myinshi kandi ntaco ryerekana ku kuntu ikamyo y’ugupima ikora munsi y’uguterura kw’amatoni 3-. Polinovel isohora ubuzima bw’ingendo ku 80% DoD n’ibipimo vya C-rate bigereranywa kugira ngo bigere ku rugero nyarwo no gushika ku mirongo y’ibikorwa vy’ibikamyo. Iyo umukiriya adusavye gusobanura ivy’ikigeragezo biri inyuma y’igiharuro cacu c’umutwe, ivyo turashobora kubigira dukoresheje inyandiko zishigikira. Ico ni co kigereranyo gikwiriye gukoreshwa ku rutonde rw’abaguzi bose.

Ugukomeza ubushobozi mu rutonde rw’inganda rwa Polinovel rwa 48V bifise garanti y’ugukomeza 80% ku mpera y’ubuzima bw’ingendo bwavuzwe mu gihe c’ibikorwa vyemewe. Muri iyo nganda, imibare myinshi y’ugukomeza ubushobozi ni ingereranyo z’ibikorwa ata masezerano ashigikiye. Inyandiko y’igarantiya ni igisomwa c’iminota 10 kikubwira uruhande rufata ingorane z’ibikorwa iyo ipaki ishitse ku nzinguzingu 2.000 .

CAN Bus guhanahana amakuru n’abagenzuzi b’imodoka Curtis, Zapi, na Toyota SAS ni imvukira mu nyubakwa zacu za BMS. SOC y’ukuri ku nzira y’umukoresha, raporo y’amakosa yunze ubumwe, umuzigo ushobora guhindurwa uko umuzigo wegera guhera. Uguhuza kw’amasezerano y’ibarabara ry’ikamyo ry’umwihariko birasuzumwa n’umugwi wacu w’abasaba imbere y’uko umuntu atanga itegeko ryo kugura. Ivyemezo birimwo UL, CE, na UN38.3 ku bijanye n’ugutwara abantu; inyandiko ziteguwe kugira ngo zisuzumwe ko ubwishingizi n’ibikorwa vyubahiriza amategeko ni vyo bimenyerewe.

Urupapuro rwuzuye rw’ibisobanuro vya BMS rukoresha ibipimo 17. Bane muri bo ntibaboneka ku mpapuro z’amakuru z’inganda zisanzwe. Ivyo bine niho ibikorwa vya sisitemu bitandukanye cane n'amasezerano y'impapuro z'ibisobanuro ku kwezi kwa 18-. Biboneka mu gihe c'isuzuma - nimba uri mu gutanga amasoko, ni co kintu ciza co kubisaba.

Polinovel ikora amabateri y’inganda LiFePO4 kuva kuri 24V gushika kuri 80V ku bikoresho vyo guterura ibintu, AGV, n’ibikoresho vyo gukoresha mu bubiko. Twoherereze imiterere y'imisi yawe, ubushuhe bw'ibikorwa, n'ibarabara ry'ikamyo - ikigo cacu c'abasaba kigarura urubuga-impanuro z'imiterere yihariye n'akarorero ka TCO mu misi itanu y'akazi.