Ni igiki co gucunga ububiko bw’amazi?

Uburyo bwo gucunga ububiko

Uburyo bwo gucunga neza amazi (BMS) ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gucunga neza amabateri. Ku modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba, iriba - ibikoresho vya BMS n’ubuhinga bwa none birashobora kwongerera neza urugero rw’ugutwara, kwagura ubuzima bwa bateri, kugabanya ibiciro vyo gukoresha, no kumenya neza ko hariho umutekano n’ukwizigirwa kw’ipaki y’amashanyarazi. Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri y’amashanyarazi bwacitse igice nyamukuru c’ibinyabiziga vy’umuyagankuba. Iki gice kizoba cibanda ku gushiramwo ibintu, ibikorwa, n’ingingo ngenderwako z’ibikorwa z’uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri y’amashanyarazi.

Ubwubatsi bwa sisitemu

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) burimwo n’Itsinda ry’Ivy’Uburongozi bw’Ibateri (BMU), Ishirahamwe ry’Uburongozi bw’Icegeranyo (CMU), ibikoresho, gukoresha ibikoresho, n’ibindi. Hashingiwe ku nzira y’ubuhinga hagati y’abagenzuzi muri BMS, BMSs zishobora gushirwa mu buryo bwagutse mu bwoko bubiri: bushizwe hamwe kandi bugasangira.

1. BM yashizwemwo

BMS ihuriweko, izwi kandi nk’umurongo umwe BMS, yerekeza kuri BMS ishiramwo umugenzuzi w’ishimikiro (BMU) n’umugenzuzi w’ingingo (CMU) mu gikoresho kimwe, n’umugenzuzi nyamukuru akora ibikorwa vy’ugutora amakuru, gutunganya, no kugenzura ibikorwa. Igikoresho c'ubuhinga bwa BMS buhuriweko kirerekanwa ku gishushanyo 8-1.

 

BMSs zishizwemwo ni zikomeye, zifise ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya - ubushobozi bwo gutorera umuti, kandi zitanga vuba ku - ubutumwa bwo kuboko, gufasha kuronka amakuru ahurikiyeko. Ikindi kandi, barashobora gukora ibikorwa vyose vya BMS mu gipapuro kimwe, bigabanya ibiciro. Ariko rero, BMS zihuriweko zifise amasano akomeye n’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma, ivyo bikaba bituma bigorana kurinda uburyo bwa bateri igihe imirongo miremire ibaho mu bice bitandukanye vy’uburyo. Bibereye gusa ku bice bitobito vy’amabateri kandi bifise ubushobozi bwo gukora neza no kubungabunga.

 

2. BMS yatanzwe

 

Mu buryo butandukanye n’imiterere y’ibintu, ubwubatsi bugabanyijwe bugabanya ibikorwa vya BMS mu bipande vya BMU n’ivy’abaja benshi. Igishushanyo c’imirongo kirorosha iteraniro ry’ibice, bituma habaho imiterere y’ugutora ivyerekanwa, kandi rigatuma habaho ukudahuza kw’umuriro n’ugushirwako kumwe. Ivyago birimwo amahera menshi cane n’uguhanahana amakuru n’uguhingura ibintu bikomeye cane. Hashingiwe ku butandukanye bw’uburyo bwo gufatanya BMS, bushobora guca mu bice bitatu: raba inyenyeri (raba igishushanyo 8{4}}2), ihuriro rya bisi, n’ihuriro ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.

 

(1) Ihuriro ry'InyenyeriMu nzira y’inyenyeri, BMU iri hagati, kandi igice cose ca CMU gifatanye n’urubaho rwa BMS biciye ku nzira y’ibarabara. Amahuza y'inyenyeri yorohereza point-kugira - kugenzura, kandi ukunanirwa kw'izina rimwe rya CMU ntibigira ico bikoze cane ku buryo. Ariko rero, uko umubare w’ibice vyiyongera, ugusobanuka kw’imirongo y’itumanaho mu bijanye n’ugufatanya kw’inyenyeri kuragwira cane, ivyo bikaba bituma gusanasana ibintu bigoranye kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gupima. Kubera imipaka y’ivyambu vya BMS, ibice vya CMU ntibishobora kwongerwako mu buryo butari bwo, bikaba bituma ari gake cane mu bikorwa binini vy’urugero.

 

(2) Ihuriro ry'amasano .Igishushanyo c'ubuhinga bwa sisitemu y'amabisi corohereza imiterere y'ibintu, nk'uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo 8{4}}3. BMS mu bisanzwe igabanywamwo ibice vyinshi vy’ubugenzuzi: BMU, CMU, na Bateri y’Imbonerahamwe (BJB). BMU, CMU, na BJB zihuzwa biciye ku nzira ya CAN canke izindi nzira za bisi. BMU ikora ibikorwa nyamukuru vyo gucunga amabateri; CMU ikora uguronka umuriro w’ingingo, ukungana, n’ugupima ubushuhe; BJB ikora umuriro mwinshi, ubu, n’uguronka ubushuhe, gutwara imodoka n’ugupima, no kumenya ibikingirizo ku bijanye n’ibati; ukwitandukanya bitanga ukwawe kw’umuyagankuba, bikabuza uruja n’uruza rw’inyuma ntiruturire urubaho rw’umurongo no kugabanya uburemere bw’ibintu bishobora gutera.

 

Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubwubatsi bisiguza bisi bitanga amasano y’itumanaho n’ubushobozi bukomeye, kworohereza cane ubuhinga bwo kwubaka ibikoresho, gushika ku buhinga bwo gukoresha, no gutuma uburyo bwo gukoresha n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bushobora gukoreshwa. Ico kintu nyamukuru caco ni igiciro kinini cane.

 

Daisy - Igishushanyo ni uburyo bushasha bwo gufatanya bwaje mu myaka iheze. Igikoresho gishobora guhindura - SPI ibimenyetso bishika kuri 1Mb/s mu bimenyetso bitandukanye maze bikabirungika biciye ku nzira igoramye - itandukanye n'umurongo woroshe, uri hasi{5}} Ihindura. Nk’akarorero, ibikoresho vya AFE vy’ubuhinga bwa none (LTC6811) birashobora guhurizwa hamwe kugira ngo bibe BMS. A ntoya, iri hasi, transformateur irasubirira isolateur y'amakuru. Ku ruhande rwa microprocesseur nyamukuru, IC ntoyi (LTC6820) itanga umurongo nyamukuru w’umugenzuzi. Naho daisy y'inzira imwe- Igishushanyo c'uruzitiro ari yoroshe, ukunanirwa kw'urudodo iyo ari yo yose birashobora kugira ico bikoze ku guhanahana amakuru y'uburyo bwose. Ku bw’ivyo, daisy y’impeta y’impeta - Igishushanyo, nk’uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo ca 8-4, carateguwe kandi gishirwa mu bikoresho vya BMS vy’abahinguzi bashasha b’imiduga y’inguvu nka Tesla. Ugereranije n’amahuza ya bisi ya CAN, daisy - Ry’Ikarita ni make kandi ni nto mu bunini, ariko ifise ubushobozi buke bwo gupima, umubare munini w’ibihimba vy’umubiri, n’ingorane mu guhangana n’ibibazo vyo gucunga amabateri mu bihe bikomeye cane nk’uburyo bwo kubika inguvu nyinshi.

Ibikorwa vy'ishimikiro

Muri rusangi, ibikorwa vy’ishimikiro vy’ubuhinga bwo gucunga neza amashanyarazi (BMS) birimwo: kuronka amakuru, gupima amabateri, gucunga inguvu, gucunga umutekano, gucunga ubushuhe, kugenzura uburinganire, ibikorwa vy’uguhanahana amakuru, n’uburyo bw’umuntu -machine. Igishushanyo 8-5 kirerekana igishushanyo c’ibarabara gikora c’uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri.

1. Kuronka amakuru

Gutora amakuru ni umushinge w’ubuhinga bwose n’ubugenzuzi mu buryo bwo gucunga neza ububiko (BMS). Ku bw’ivyo, igipimo co gutora ivyiyumviro, ukuri, n’ibiranga imbere y’igihe- ni ibimenyetso bihambaye cane bigira ico bikoze ku mikorere y’ubuhinga bwa bateri. Igitigiri c’abaronka amakuru kigenwa n’ivyo bihe n’igikorwa. Nk’akarorero, n’ububasha bwo gutanga amakuru, igipimo co kuronka amakuru gishobora kuba gito nk’igice kimwe ku masegonda 10 canke mbere ku munota; mu gihe ku bintu bifise amashanyarazi ahinduka vuba (nk’ibinyabiziga), amakuru ategerezwa kuronswa n’imiburiburi rimwe mu segonda 1, afise amakuru afitaniye isano na wenda{

2. Icemezo ca Leta ca Bateri

Igereranyo ry’intara y’ibateri ahanini ririmwo imice ibiri:Igihugu c'Ibara (SOC)kandiLeta y'ubuzima (SOH). SOC iraranga igipimo c’ubu gisigaye c’ibati kandi ni ishingiro ryo kugereranya urugero rw’imodoka y’umuyagankuba. SOH ni parameter ikoreshwa mu guserura ubuzima bwa bateri n’ibindi bibazo vy’amagara.

3. Uburongozi bw'inguvu

Uburongozi bw’inguvu buratuma ingufu z’igihe nyaco z’igihe zisohoka n’inyungu za bateri ntizirenga ubushobozi bwo gutwara bateri n’uburyo bwo gutwara. Mu vy’ukuri, ubushobozi bwo gutanga/gutwara bwa bateri burashikirwa n’ubushuhe, SOC, na SOH, mu bindi. Ico gihe nyene, ku rugero rwa sisitemu, ingorane nk’ugushuha cane n’ugucika kw’imirongo y’imirongo itegerezwa kwirindwa. Ku bw’ivyo, uburongozi bw’inguvu ni uburyo bwo kugenzura kw’isi yose bukoresheje umuriro, umuriro, ubushuhe, SOC, na SOH nk’ibikoresho.

4. Uburongozi bw'umutekano

Gukurikirana umuriro w’amabateri, umuriro n’ubushuhe kugira ngo ntibirenze urugero rusanzwe. Ubu buhinga bwo gucunga BMS (Uburongozi bw’ibateri) ntibukurikirana gusa bateri yose ariko kandi buratanga ubugenzuzi butunganye ku bijanye n’imimerere y’umuntu ku giti ciwe nk’uguca ibibatsi, hejuru{1}} gukuraho, n’ubushuhe burengeye -.

5. Uburongozi bw'ubushuhe

Gukonjesha bateri iyo ubushuhe bwayo bwo gukoresha buri hejuru cane kandi akabushushanya iyo iguye munsi y’urugero rwo hasi rw’ubushuhe bwayo bwo gukoresha kugira ngo bateri igume mu rugero rwiza rw’ibikorwa no kubungabunga uburinganire bw’ubushuhe hagati y’ingingo z’umuntu ku giti ciwe mu gihe c’ugukoresha. Uburongozi bw’ubushuhe burakenewe cane cane ku mabateri akoreshwa munsi ya - ubushobozi bwo gusohoka n’uburemere bw’ibintu vy’agaciro.

6. Gucungera Gucungera

Uguhuza neza mu gukora kwa bateri birashobora gutuma habaho ukugabanuka kw’ibikorwa vy’amabateri muri rusangi mbere n’ingorane z’umutekano. Ivyiyumviro vy’ugufatanya bishirwa hagati y’ingingo ngenderwako ku giti cabo ziri muri bateri kugira ngo hamenyekane ko uburyo bwo gushaja n’ugukuraho inzego imwe imwe imwe imwe imwe imwe yose ihuye uko bishoboka kwose, gutyo bikaba bituma bateri ikora neza muri rusangi.

7. Ibikorwa vyo guhanahana amakuru

Igikorwa gihambaye c’uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) ni ugutuma habaho uguhanahana amakuru n’amakuru n’ibikoresho biri ku bibaho canke ku bikoresho vyo mu bwato, gutanga amakuru yo kugenzura amashanyarazi/ugukuraho n’ugucungera imodoka. Bivanye n’ikoreshwa, uguhinduranya amakuru birashobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo guhanahana amakuru, nk’ibimenyetso vy’ibara, ibimenyetso vya PWM, bisi ya CAN, canke interface za I2C.

8. Umuntu-Igikoresho c'Ivyuma (HMI)

HMI ni interface y'ubuhuza y'umuntu-ba mashine. Ikoresha ibikoresho bikwiye vy’injiza n’ivy’isohoka kugira ngo bishobore gutuma ikiyago n’ugukorana hagati y’abantu n’amamashini akoresha. Mu BMS, HMI irimwo amabuto y’amakuru n’ay’ubugenzuzi, atunganijwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu guhingura.