Ni igiki DC Fast Charging?

DC yihuta itanga ububasha butaziguye ku nzira y’imodoka y’umuyagankuba, igaca ku gikoresho co gucapura kugira ngo igabanye cane igihe co gucagura. Ubu buhinga burashobora gusaba EVs nyinshi ku 80% mu minota 20 gushika kuri 60, ugereranyije n’amasaha menshi n’ugushaja kwa AC zisanzwe.

Itandukaniro ry’ingenzi riri mu gihe uguhinduka kw’ububasha bishika. Ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama vy’i AC bisaba uburyo bwo guhindura umuyagankuba w’imodoka yawe kugira ngo uhindure umuriro uhinduranya kugira ngo ugere ku nzira y’umuriro imbere y’uko ushika kuBateri y'imodoka ya litiyo. DC yihuta ifata iyo mpinduka ku kibanza, ishoboza ibisohoka vy'amashanyarazi kuva kuri 50 kW gushika kuri 350 kW- far birenze ivyo igikoresho cose co gutanga amakuru kiri ku bwato.

Iyo ushize mu gikoresho co gucapura vuba ca DC, uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri yawe buca buvugana n’aho ushaja kugira ngo ushobore gushinga ibipimo vyiza vyo gushaja. Ico gikoresho gica gitanga umuyagankuba wa DC ataco uhinduye kuri bateri yawe, ukora mu gihe c’umuriro n’ukwihangana kw’amashanyarazi kwa litiyumu yawe- atugingo ngengabuzima.

Ukwo gutanga amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye bituma haba umurongo wo gushaja uhinduka mu kiringo cose c’ikiganiro. EV yawe yemera igipimo c'umuriro kinini cane iyo bateri ari ubusa - mu buryo bw'agaciro hagati ya 20% na 80%. Uko bateri yuzura, gutera umuvuduko wo gushaja cane kugira ngo ukingire ingingo z’ubushuhe no gukingira ugusenyuka.

Ico kibanza co gushaja gikomeza gukurikirana ingero z’umuriro, mu bisanzwe kuva kuri 200V gushika kuri 1.000V bivanye n’ubwubatsi bw’imodoka yawe. EVs zo muri iki gihe zikoresha ubuhinga bwa 400V canke 800V, n’ibikoresho vy’umuriro vyinshi bishobora gutuma umuvuduko w’umuriro ugenda neza mu kugabanya amashanyarazi n’ubushuhe bujanye n’ivyo.

Uburongozi bw’ubushuhe burafise uruhara runini mu gihe co gushaja vyihuta. EVs nyinshi ubu zirimwo ubuhinga bwo gupima ubushuhe bushushe bateri ku bushuhe bwiza imbere y’igihe co gushaja. Ivyo bituma bateri y’imodoka ya litiyumu ion yemera neza ibipimo vyinshi, kuko amabateri y’imbeho ashoboye gushaja vyihuta kandi ashobora gushikirwa n’uburyo bwo gutera litiyumu{2}}a uburyo bwo kwonona bugabanya ubushobozi kandi bugatuma haba ingorane zo kwirinda.

DC Fast Charging

Gutahura ingero z’ugushaja birafasha gusobanura aho DC yihuta ihuye n’ivyo mu bidukikije vya EV vyagutse. Urugero rwa 1 rukoresha 120V metals, itanga nk’ibilometero 1-1,8 no kwongerako ibilometero 3-7 gusa kw’isaha. Ivyo bikora ku bihe vy’ivyihutirwa ariko ntibikora ku musi ku musi.

Urugero rwa 2 rwo gushaja rugera kuri 208-240V, rusohora hagati ya 3 kW na 22 kW bivanye n’ugushiraho. Ivyo bireza EVs nyinshi mw’ijoro, bikaba ari vyo bituma ari yo nziza yo mu nzu no ku kazi. Igikoresho co gukoresha mu gutwara imodoka yawe gifata AC-to-DC, gifata umwanya ariko kigatuma umuntu agira umubabaro mwinshi ku bihimba vya bateri.

Urugero rwa 3{1}} DC gushaja {{6}babisiyose y'ivyo bigoranye vyose. Mu guhindura ubushobozi bwo hanze no gutanga DC isukuye, ivyo bikoresho bisunika 50 kW gushika kuri 350+ kW mu buryo butaziguye muri bateri. Hariho ama stations ubu ariko aratera imbere mu gushaja amakamyo y’ubudandaji, n’ibisohoka birenga 1.000 kW.

Umuvuduko nyawo wo gushaja uvana n’ibintu bitatu bihuye: igisohoka kinini c’ivyo bibanza, igipimo c’ukwemera kw’imodoka yawe, n’ingene ubu. Igikoresho ca 350 kW ntigishobora guhatira imodoka ya 150 kW kugira ngo ikoreshe vuba kuruta uko ikora. Na Porsche Taycan ifise ubushobozi bwo kwemera 270 kW ntizoshika ku rwego rwo hejuru ku kibanza ca 150 kW.

Ubwoko bune nyamukuru bw’uguhuza buratanga amasoko atandukanye kw’isi yose. Sisitemu y’ugucapura (CCS) iganza Amerika y’Uburaruko n’Uburaya, naho nyene n’uguhinduka kw’akarere{-CSCS1 muri Amerika ya ruguru ikoresha uburyo butandukanye n’ubuhinga bwa CCS2. Iryo tegeko rihuza ubushobozi bwo gushaja AC na DC mu nzira imwe, ryorosha igishushanyo c’imodoka.

CHAdeMO yasohotse mu Buyapani kandi iracari ku bigereranyo vyinshi vya Nissan na Mitsubishi, naho abo bahinga bariko barahindukira bakaja muri CCS kugira ngo basohoke bashasha. Iryo tegeko rishoboza uruja n’uruza rw’inguvu zibiri, bikaba bituma imodoka zisubira kugaruka amashanyarazi canke uruzitiro- ikintu citwa Vehicle-ba -Inyuma (V2G) iriko iraronka ugukwegwakwegwa n’ibikoresho vyo gucunga inguvu.

Tesla Superchargers ikoresha igikoresho co gukorana n’ibindi binyabiziga vya Tesla mu masoko menshi, naho nyene iyo sosiyete yatanguye ibibanza vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyatoranijwe ku bindi bikoresho biciye mu migambi y’uguhindura. Mu mpera z’umwaka w’2024, Tesla yatangaje ko izoja mu kibanza c’imyidagaduro co muri Amerika y’Uburaruko (NACS), ivyo bikaba vyamaze kuva ico gihe.

GB/T ihuriro rikoresha isoko ry’Abashinwa gusa, ritegekanijwe n’ingingo za Leta zirimwo ibintu vyihariye vy’umutekano nk’ugukurikirana ubushuhe bw’imbere n’imirongo y’itumanaho hagati y’uburyo bwo gucunga amafaranga n’uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri.

Ivyinshi mu bibanza vyo gushaja DC ubu biratanga ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibintu bifatanya ahantu hamwe, bisa n’amapompo y’amazi atanga amakara. Ubu buryo bw’ibintu vyinshi - bufasha kumenya neza ko isoko rya EV ritera imbere kandi ingingo mfatirwako zikomeza.

Isano riri hagati yo gushaja ningoga n’ubuzima buramba buratuma haba ibiganiro vyinshi, ariko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe vuba buratanga amakuru ahumuriza. Laboratwari y’igihugu ya Idaho yakoze ibizame vyinshi bigereranya DC yihuta cane n’ugushaja kw’urugero rwa 2 AC ku nzinguzingu z’ikoreshwa ringana. Ivyo bavumbuye vyerekanye ko hariho itandukaniro ritoyi mu gusenyuka kw’ubushobozi hagati y’uburyo bubiri igihe hakoreshwa uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga ubushuhe.

Ivyuma vy’ibati y’iporomoni y’iki gihe birimwo uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri gakomeye cane cane bwagenewe kurinda utugingo ngengabuzima mu gihe c’ugushaja kw’inguvu nyinshi. Izo nzira zikurikirana amashanyarazi y’ingingo z’umuntu ku giti ciwe, ubushuhe, n’ingene amashanyarazi ameze, buca bugabanya amashanyarazi y’ugushaja iyo ibintu bishobora gutuma habaho ibipimo bitari vyiza.

Ubushuhe buratera ingorane nyamukuru mu gihe co gushaja vyihuta. Ugutemba kw'amashanyarazi gukomeye gutuma umuriro utera umuriro mu nzira yose y'ugushaja. Ubushuhe burengeye ubw’ibindi buratuma habaho ibisubizo vy’imiti mu ngingo za litiyumu - ivyuka bihungabanya ibikoresho vya katode maze bikakura igice c’ivyuma bikomeye vy’umuyagankuba, ivyo vyose bikaba bigabanya ubushobozi uko igihe kigenda kirarenga.

Ivyo bisigura igituma gushaja buhoro cane hejuru y’ibice 80% vy’amahera. Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri buratuma n’ibigirankana ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubushobozi uko ingingo zikwegera ubushobozi bwose, mu gihe zishobora gushikirwa n’imibabaro. Kubandanya 100% ku bubasha bwinshi vyotuma haba ubushuhe burengeje urugero no kwongera ingorane zo gushiramwo litium - Ivyuma bishobora gukura mu bihimba vy’umubiri kandi bishobora kuba bigufi- urwego.

Ubushakashatsi bwasohowe mu vy’inguvu za Nature Energy bwasanze ubushuhe buringaniye bw’amazi{0}} bwo gushusha amabateri ku 60 degre 60 mu gihe c’ugushaja hanyuma bikaba bikonjesha ningoga- bishobora gushaja ku bipimo bishika kuri 6C (bisobanura ko hariho umuriro wose mu minota 10) ku mabateri ya litiyumu - missions zifise uburemere bw’inguvu ziri hejuru ya 250 Wh/kg. Ubwo buryo burabuza litiyumu mu gihe bugabanya umwanya utugingo ngengabuzima tumara ku bushuhe bwinshi, ivyo bikaba bishobora gufungura mbere n’ugushaja kwihuta ata kwihutisha.

Ivyo gufata: gukoresha DC justing wisonzeje ubudasiba ntibizotuma bateri yawe igirira nabi cane iyo ukurikije amabwirizwa y’umuhinguzi. Gufata 80% aho gufata 100%, kwirinda gushaja kenshi iyo bateri ikanye cane, no kwemera igihe gikwiriye co gukonjesha hagati y’ibihe vyose bifasha mu gutuma bateri ishobora gukora neza.

Iryo shirahamwe ry’ugucapura DC ryihuta ryagutse cane gushika mu 2024 no mu mwaka w’2025. Kuva mu kwezi kwa Gitugutu 2025, ibipimo vy’ugucapura vy’ugucana kw’ibice 12.000 vy’i DC bikora ku bibanza 12.375 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gusa, biva ku binogo nka 50.000 mu ntango z’umwaka w’2025. 55% vy’ivyambu biriho.

Uburaya bwakoresheje 140.000 DC bwo gushaja bwihuta kuva hagati mu mwaka w’2025, n’Ubudage, Ubufaransa, n’ibiharuro vy’abarongoye igihugu. Itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ry’Ivy’Imirongo y’Ibikorwa vy’Ibikoko ry’Uburaya risaba ko habaho ubufasha bwo gushaja ku mabarabara akomeye, bituma ibikorwa remezo vyubaka ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga.

Ubushinwa buganzwa n’ugushirwa mu ngiro kw’isi yose n’amanota arenga 900.000 y’amahera yihuta yashizweho mu ntango z’umwaka wa 2025. Igihugu yongeyeko amafaranga 330.000 yihuta mu mwaka w’2024 gusa, yerekana amategeko ya Leta y’ubukazi ateza imbere kwemera EV mw’isoko aho benshi mu batuye mu bisagara badafise uburenganzira bwo gushaja mu rugo.

Isoko ry’ibikorwa remezo ry’ubuhinga bwa none ry’ubuhinga bwa none ry’ubuhinga bwa none ryihuta ryahawe agaciro k’amadolari 20,3 miliyaridi mu 2024 kandi ritegerezwa gukura ku rugero rwa 28,4% ry’iterambere ry’umwaka gushika mu 2034. Iryo terambere ry’uguturika ryerekana ko hariho ukwiyongera kw’ugurisha kwa EV n’uguhinduka kw’ibisubizo vy’ugushariza kw’abakoresha bituma abakoresha bamenya neza.

Abakoresha station bariko barahindura ibibanza biriho n'ibikoresho vy'agaciro vy'agaciro kanini. Ivyo bikoresho bishasha mu mwaka w’2025 bifise 150-350 kW aho kuba 50 kW isanzwe gusa mu myaka itatu gusa iheze. Ivyumba bininibinini bifise 8+ ibikoresho vyo gushaja ubu bifise 27% vy’ibibanza vyose vya Amerika, biva kuri 23% muri Q{9}}, vyerekana ingene inganda igenda ija mu bibanza vy’ubuhinga bwo gushaja.

DC Fast Charging

Gushariza neza ibikorwa biratandukanye cane n’ivy’ivyiyumviro. Igikoresho ca 350 kW ntigituma umuvuduko wo gushaja 350 kW -uburyo imodoka yawe itegerezwa gushigikira urugero rw’ububasha, kandi ivyangombwa bitegerezwa kuba vyiza.

Ubushuhe buragira ico bukoze ku muvuduko wo gushaja kuruta ikindi kintu cose. Lithium - Ibateri zikora neza hagati ya degre 20-25 . Mu bihe vy’imbeho, ubuhinga bwa shimi buragabanuka, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bugenda buragabanuka. Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri buca bugabanya ubwo nyene bwo gushaja kugira ngo ntihagire ivyonona. Hariho EVs zifata 50% kugira ngo zishire ku -10℃ugereranyije n’ubushuhe bwiza.

Ku rundi ruhande, ibintu bishushe canke umugongo-kugira -ba inyuma bishobora gutuma haba uburinzi bw'ubushuhe butuma umuvuduko wo gushaja utera. Iyo bateri irengeye hafi 45℃, uburyo bwo gucunga buzogabanya ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha kugira ngo bushobore gukonjesha, naho bwoba bushizwe mu gikoresho co gucapura amashanyarazi.

Igihugu c’amahera ni co gituma haba umuvuduko ushobora gutegekanirwa cane. Ama EVs menshi ashika ku rugero rwo gushaja hagati ya 10-20% SOC, aguma afise umuvuduko munini gushika hafi 50-60% SOC, hanyuma agatangura gutera imbere. Ku 80% SOC, umuvuduko wo gushaja ugabanuka ku rugero rwa 30-50% vy’ibiharuro vy’isonga. Kuva kuri 80-100% kenshi bifata igihe cose 0-80%, ni co gituma benshi mu bahinga n’imirongo y’ugushaja basaba ko bokurwako 80% ku bijanye n’ubushobozi n’ubushizi bw’amanga ku bandi bashoferi.

Imyaka y’imodoka n’imimerere ya bateri na vyo nyene biragira ico bikoze ku kwemera kwemerwa. Uko utugingo ngengabuzima twa litiyumu - Utugingo ngengabuzima, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu buragwira. A gatatu - umwaka{4}=umuriro EV yoshobora kwemera 10-15% y’ububasha buke kuruta igihe gishasha, mbere no ku rugero rumwe rw’umuriro n’ubushuhe. Ukwo kugabanuka buhoro buhoro ni ibisanzwe kandi ntibigaragaza ingorane-ni ukuri gusa kw’ukuri kw’ubuhinga bwa shimi.

Ivyangombwa vyiza n’umuzigo w’ibarabara na vyo nyene biragira ico bikoze ku bikorwa. Iyo imodoka nyinshi zisaba icarimwe ku kibanza kimwe, hariho ubuhinga bumwe bumwe butanga ububasha buriho ku bivuko vyose bikora, bigabanya umuvuduko wo gushaja ku giti cabo. Mu bihe vy’ugusaba umuyagankuba, ibikoresho bishobora gusaba ko ibibanza vyo gushaja bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi, cane cane ahantu ata bikoresho vyo kubika amabateri.

DC yihuta yo gushaja ibiciro vyinshi cane kuruta gushaja mu rugo- mu buryo busanzwe 3-5 incuro nyinshi ku biro vya kilowatt. Kuva mu mwaka w’2025, ibiciro vya Amerika bingana n’amadolari 0,48 kuri kWh ku bikoresho vy’ugusaba abantu bose, naho nyene ibibanza vyo muri California kenshi bisaba amadolari 0,55-0,65 kuri kWh. Mu kugereranya, umuyagankuba wo mu nzu ungana n’amadolari 0,16 ku kWh mu gihugu cose, ivyo bikaba bituma gushaja mu rugo birushiriza kuba vyiza iyo bibonetse.

Ivyiyumviro vy’igiciro biratandukanye n’urubuga n’aho biri. Hari ama stations akoresha neza -kWh Gutanga amafaranga, aho uriha inguvu nyazo zishikirizwa - uburyo buringaniye kuruta ubundi kuko budahana ibinyabiziga bishobora guhana buhoro buhoro. Abandi na bo nyene barasaba umunota, ivyo bikaba bifasha ba nyen’ibinyabiziga bifise ibiciro vy’ukwemera cane ariko bitwara vyinshi ku bafise amashanyarazi make.

Igihe - y'ibiharuro vy'ikoreshwa ry'ikoreshwa ry'ikoreshwa ry'ikoreshwa. Gukora mu gihe c’ikiruhuko c’izabukuru - bishobora gutwara amadolari 0,40 kuri kWh, mu gihe ibiciro vy’inyuma y’umuhingamo bishika ku madolari 0,60 kuri kWh canke hejuru. Ivyuma nka 366 vya Amerika vyahindukiye ku gihe- y’ibigereranyo vy’ikoreshwa mu Q{10}} gusa, California irongoye iyo nzira.

Porogarama z’abanywanyi zirashobora kugabanya ibiciro. Ivyinshi mu bice vy’ugusaba gutanga amafaranga y’ugusaba gutanga amafaranga y’ibanga agabanya igiciro c’amahera ku giciro c’ukwezi. Abagize Tesla Supercharger bariha nk’amadolari 0,28 kuri kWh, mu gihe batari - bamwe bariha amadolari 0.40-0.48 kuri kWh bivanye n’aho bari.

Igiciro kinini kigaragaza ishoramari rikomeye ry’ibikorwa remezo bisabwa. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ugucagura DC bigura amadolari 50.000-250.000 ku kigo bivanye n’ubushobozi, ugereranyije n’amadolari 500-2.000 ku bikoresho vy’ugucagura. Gushiramwo ibintu vyongerako amadolari 50.000-200.000 ku bijanye n’uguhindura amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bw’umuhinduzi, n’ugutegura urubuga.

Ibikoresho kenshi bishiraho amafaranga y’ugusaba - ashingiye ku nzira y’ububasha bwinshi mu kiringo c’ugutanga amafaranga aho gushingira ku nguvu zose zikoreshwa. Isaha rimwe ry’ibikorwa ku kibanza ca 350 kW rishobora gutuma umuntu asaba amadolari 3.000-$5.000 ku kwezi, ataco bimaze inguvu zose zagurishijwe. Ivyo bituma ubutunzi bw’ibarabara bugorana mu bibanza vyo mu ntara canke mu nzira nke.

Uburyo bwo kubika inguvu z’ingufu zigenda zirushiriza gufatanya n’ibikoresho vy’ugucagura vuba kugira ngo bigabanye amafaranga y’ivyo bisabwa kandi bishobore gushirwa mu bibanza vy’uruzitiro{0}}. Aya mabateri arasaba buhoro buhoro kuva ku ruzitiro mu gihe c’imbere y’igihe, hanyuma akagira ubushobozi bwo gukoresha uruzitiro mu gihe c’ugushaja. Electric Era ivuga ko bateri - ubuhinga bushobora kugabanya ivyipfuzo vy’uruzitiro rw’isonga n’ibice 70%, bigabanya ibiciro vy’ibikorwa vy’ukwezi n’ibihumbi vy’amadolari.

Umuvuduko ukurikira w’ubuhinga bushasha bwo gushaja bwibanda ku gucapura vyihuta cane- gukuraho 80% mu minota 10. Ivyo bisaba iterambere rihujwe mu mabateri, ibikoresho vyo gushaja, n’uburyo bwo gucunga ubushuhe.

Ivyo gutera imbere mu vy’ubuhinga bwa shimi biriko biratuma umuntu ashobora gushaja ningoga. litiyo nshasha - uburyo bwo gukoresha silikoni - anodes n’ibintu vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ubuhinga bwa none bituma ibiharuro vy’ivyuma vyinshi ata n’ivyo gutera. Imigwi y’ubushakashatsi yerekanye ibiharuro 6C vyo gushaja (ivy’amahera yose mu minota 10) n’inguvu z’inguvu- Utugingo ngengabuzima turenga 250 Wh/kg, naho ivyo bihe vy’iterambere bitaraboneka mu vy’ubudandaji.

Ubuhinga bushasha bwo gucunga thermal buratuma umuntu ashobora gukora ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyihuta. Ubushuhe buringaniye bw’ubushuhe bw’imbere{1}} ubuhinga bwo gutera imbere mu gihe co gushaja hanyuma bugaca bubikonjesha- butuma haba ibiganiro bigufi cane - Ubushobozi butagira ugusenyuka bushika iyo ingingo ziguma zishuha mu bihe vyagutse. EVs zimwe zimwe ubu zishusha amabati y’amabateri mu gihe zitwara imodoka zija ku kibanza co gushaja, zitegura kwemera neza amahera.

Ivyuma vy’umuriro vy’agaciro kanini biriko birahinduka. Inganda iriko irahinduka kuva kuri 400V gushika ku nzira ya 800V, ivyo bikaba bigabanya ibisabwa ku rugero rw’ububasha. Kubera ko ubushuhe bungana n’ubu, iyo nzira y’umuriro ishobora kugabanya imibabaro y’ubushuhe n’ibice 75% ku bubasha bungana, bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho ugushaja gukomeye kw’inguvu nyinshi ata gushuha cane.

Uburyo bwo gushaja bwa megawatt ku modoka ziremereye - Buriko buraja mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Igitabo ca CharIN co gushaza ca Chagawatt cakozwe ku 1.000 kW ku binyabiziga, ivyo bikaba bisaba amabateri manini cane kuruta imodoka zitwara abantu. Ivyo bibanza vya mbere vya MCS vyabonetse mu mwaka w’2024, aho hateguwe cane gushika mu mwaka w’2026-2027.

Imodoka{{0}ba-Inyungu y’Ukwezi iriko iragwira birenze ibigeragezo vya mbere. Ivyo bituma EVs zikora nk’ububiko bw’inguvu zikwiragijwe, amashanyarazi yo kugaburira mu nzu canke uruzitiro mu gihe c’ugusaba kw’isonga. DC yihuta cane irashigikira uruja n'uruza rw'inguvu z'inzira zibiri, guhindura ibibanza vyo gushaja mu mutungo wo guhagarika uruja n'uruza ushobora kuronka amahera mu bihe vy'agaciro kanini{4}} ibiciro.

Ubwenge bukoranye n’ubuhinga ni ugutuma ibikorwa vyo gushaja bigenda neza. Ivyigwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyerekana uburyo bwo gusaba, guhindura ibiciro, inzira z’inzira ku bibanza biriho, n’amabateri y’imbere y’igihe ashingiye ku bihe vyitezwe. Izo nzira zituma ibiharuro vy'ikoreshwa- Ubu ari 16% gusa ku bibanza vya Amerika- bituma habaho ubutunzi bushobora gukoreshwa mu vy'ubutunzi.

DC Fast Charging

DC yihuta gushaja isaba gatatu {{0} =}phase igikorwa c’amashanyarazi gitanga 480V, iyo nzu y’uburaro idashigikira gake. Ivyo bikoresho bigura amadolari 50.000-250.000, hamwe n’amadolari 50,000+ ku bikorwa remezo vy’amashanyarazi. Ivyuma vy’imbere mu nzu vy’urugero rwa 2 bitanga umuvuduko ukwiye wo gushaja ijoro ryose ku giciro gitoyi c’igiciro.

Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri bwo muri iki gihe burabuza gutera ingorane zo gushaja. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana itandukaniro ritoyi ry’ugusenyuka hagati yo gushaja vuba n’ugushaja kw’urugero rwa 2 igihe uburyo bwo kurinda ubushuhe bukora neza. Gufata 80% aho 100% no kwirinda ubushuhe burengeje urugero birafasha gutuma ubuzima bwa bateri burushiriza kuba bwinshi ata kuraba uburyo bwo gushaja.

Lithium - Utugingo ngengabuzima turarushiriza gushikirwa n’imibabaro uko cegera ubushobozi bwose. Uburyo bwo gucunga amabateri buragabanya n’ibigirankana umuriro w’amashanyarazi hejuru ya 80% kugira ngo ntihagire ugushuha cane, gutera litiyo, no kwihutisha gusenyuka. Iyi ngero y’uburinzi iragura ubuzima bwose bwa bateri naho nyene 20% vya nyuma bifata hafi 80% vya mbere.

Uburyo bwinshi bwo kugendera mu mazi ni nk’aho umuntu ashobora gushaja, canke gukoresha porogarama zitandukanye nka PlugShare, ChargePoint, canke Atter Route Planner. Ivyo bimenyetso vy’ugucagura, vy’ukuri - igihe, ibiciro, n’isubiramwo ry’abakoresha. Igishushanyo kinini c'ama EV cubatswe - ibikoresho vy'urugendo bica mu nzira zibereye zo gushaja zishingiye ku rugero rwa bateri yawe n'aho uja.

DC yihuta cane yuzuza uruhara rudasanzwe mu bidukikije vy’ubuhinga bwa EV aho kwuzuza igikorwa co gushaja mu rugo. Kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe ku musi ku musi, ijoro rya 2 ry’ugushaja i muhira canke akazi ni vyo bitanga umuti mwiza kandi w’ubutunzi. Gusaba gushaza biba ngombwa cane ku ngendo ndende, hejuru vyihuta- Gutera mu misi y’ibikorwa vyinshi, canke ku bashoferi ata n’umwe ashobora gukoresha mu gushaja.

Iryo koraniro rirabandanya gutera imbere cane. Ivyiyumviro vy’ugucapura vyasa n’ibidashoboka ubu hakaba haciye imyaka itanu, kandi uburemere bw’ibikorwa remezo burakura buri kwezi. Uko ubuhinga bwa bateri butera imbere n’ibindi bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi ({2}} ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi bikoreshwa, ubumenyi bwo gushaja buzorushiriza guhura n’uburyo bwo gusubira gukoresha amavuta ya kera.

Ku bafise EV iriho ubu n’abo bariko bariyumvira switch, gushaja vyihuta DC bikuraho amaganya y’urutonde nk’intambamyi y’ibikorwa. Iryo shirahamwe ryashitse ku rugero ruhambaye mu masoko menshi yateye imbere, n’ugukingira bihagije ku bijanye n’ingendo ndende- ingendo n’abashoferi bo mu bisagara bashingiye ku gushaja kwa bose. Gutahura ingene ukoresha izo nzira neza- kugeza kuri 80%, gukoresha neza ibikoresho vy’imbere y’igihe, n’ibihe vy’igihe mu gihe c’inyuma{5}} amasaha y’inyuma- gutuma ubuzima bw’amabateri n’ubutunzi bw’amabati.

Ikoranabuhanga ry’ibati ry’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma ry’ivyuma. Ivyo bifatanijwe n’ibikorwa remezo n’ibikoresho vyo kugwa, DC yihuta iriko irahinduka kuva ku kintu c’agaciro gushika ku kwitega ku rugero rutuma imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba zikora ku bandi bashoferi amamiliyoni.