Ubuzima bwa Cycle ni ingene amafaranga angahe- gukwiragiza inzinguzingu zicamwo imbere y’uko zisesagura ku rugero rw’ubushobozi bumwe bumwe bwategekanijwe. Kenshi na kenshi ivyo ni 80%, naho nabonye ivyimburwa vyose mu kibanza-70% ku bikorwa bimwe bimwe vy’imodoka, 85% ku bandi. Ico gikoresho ubwaco ni nk’ubukemurampaka kandi gifise vyinshi gifitaniye isano n’imibare y’igarantiya kuruta umutungo w’ishimikiro wose w’ubuhinga bwa shimi.
Kubera iki amabateri yononekaye
Igipande ca SEI kiri ku bipimo vy’ibara ry’agahama ni bwo buryo bwo kwonona cane mu mabateri ya litiyumu-ation. Iyo ubanza gucapura ingingo, umuyagankuba urabora ku ruhande rwa anode maze ugakora iyi filime ikomeye- ahanini litiyumu carbonate, fluoride imwe imwe iyo ukoresha umunyu wa LiPF6, ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibinyabuzima. Ico gice gikwiye guhagarara inyuma y’ingendo nkeyi. Ntaco bimaze. Iguma ikura, buhoro buhoro, irya litiyumu ikwiye kuba iriko iragenda. Nakoze umugambi imyaka mikeyi iheze ngerageza guhagarika SEI n’ibintu vy’inyongera vy’ubuhinga bwa electrolyte. FEC (fluoroetylene carbonate) irafasha, VC (vinylene carbonate) irafasha vyinshi. Nta n’umwe muri bo abitorera umuti burundu.
High - cathodes de cathodes. NMC811, ari 80% nickel, 10% ya manganese, 10% cobalt, irahinduka cane mu gihe c’amagare- inzira myinshi kuruta izo NMC111 canke NMC523. Ivyo bihimba biracagura. Ushobora kuyibona munsi y’imirongo y’amajana makeyi. CATL yabonye nko mu mwaka w’2019 ko iyo ukoze ibihimba bimwe bimwe - y’intete aho gukoranya ama polycrystatal akora vyose, ukuraho igice kinini c’ugusaduka kuko ata n’imipaka y’intete iriho. Birumvikana ko ubu ariko kuronka ibipimo vy’ubuhinga bwa none ku rugero rwatwaye imyaka. Ngira ngo BYD iriko irakora ikintu nk’ico n’ibati yabo ya Blade ariko ntibasohora vyinshi ku bijanye n’ugutunganya kwabo kwa katode.
Ubushuhe burahambaye kuruta ikindi kintu cose, mu vy’ukuri. Ku rugero rwa degre 10 buri degre 10 rwongere incuro zibiri z’ugukura. Ivyo si vyiza - uburyo butandukanye burafise inguvu zitandukanye zo gukora - ariko buri hafi cane ku ngereranyo z’ubuhinga. Ipaki y'imbere y'amadegre 35 izomara igihe kirekire kuruta imwe ku 45℃. Tesla yarize ivyo mu ntango z’ibarabara. Imodoka zabo za nyuma zifise uburongozi bukomeye cane, zizogenda zikonjesha mbere n’igihe zihagaze iyo iyo pack ishushe cane.
Cold ni ibitangaje. Igitabo c’ugusenyuka kiragabanuka, ivyo bikaba ari vyiza. Ariko uraronka ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu vyinshi cane kandi niwagerageza kwihuta cane uzoja mu gipande ca litiyumu ku anode, ivyo bikaba ari bibi cane. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (litiyumu) ni ugutakaza ubushobozi budashobora gusubirwamwo kandi iyo bikuze bikaba amadendrites ushobora kuronka igihe gito co mu mutima. EVs nyinshi ntizizoguha DC charge charge iri munsi ya 0℃kubera iyo mvo.
Urukundo rw'ugusohoka
Hariho iyi iriba - ingaruka aho gutwara amagare ata co bimaze. Iyo ukoresha 40% gusa vy’ubushobozi bwa bateri aho gukoresha 100%, woshobora gutuma ubuzima bw’ingendo bugira gatatu. Kumbure n’ibindi. Uburyo ntibusobanutse neza. Impinduka ntoyi ziri mu ma electrodes birashoboka ko zifasha. Kwirinda ubushobozi burengeje urugero bw’ubuhinga bwa electrode aho ivyiyumviro vyo mu ruhande vyihutisha birafasha ata gukeka. Ariko nta n’umwe vy’ukuri yacitse intege ku ntererano nyayo y’ikintu cose.
EV yose iraguhisha ubushobozi bumwe bumwe. Iyo dashboard yawe ivuga ko 0% ushobora kuba uri kuri 5% vy’ukuri SOC. Iyo bivuga 100% uba uri ku 95% canke kumbure 90%. Abahinguzi ntibasohora ivyo biharuro. Nagerageje guhindura - kugikoresha kuri Bolt ya kera mu kuraba amakuru ya BMS kuri bisi ya CAN ariko ameza yo gupima arashirwako.
Gupima ibibazo vy'igihe
Nta n’umwe ashaka kurindira 3{2}} imyaka 4 kugira ngo yemeze umugambi wa bateri. Rero twihutisha ubushuhe-ubushuhe bwinshi, ibiharuro vy’ugutwara amagare vyihuta. Ikibazo ni uko uburyo bwose bwo kwonona budashobora kwihutisha mu buryo bumwe. Bamwe barabigira, bamwe ntibavyiyumvamwo. Ukwihutisha ubushuhe kurakora neza cane ku bikorwa vyinshi vy’imiti. Ukwihutisha kw’ibiharuro ni ugutera imbere. Kandi hariho uburyo bwo kunanirwa bugaragara gusa inyuma y’igihe kirekire c’ikirangamisi ku buryo udashobora kwihutisha na gato.
Ibintu vy’ubuhanuzi vya ML biherutse kuba biraryoshe. Ugaburira amakuru y'ingendo ya mbere mu citegererezo kandi rikaba ritegekanya ubushobozi bw'igihe kirekire bw'igihe. Stanford yasohoye ibikorwa bimwe bimwe muri 2019, Carnegie Mellon yakoze ibintu nk’ivyo. Ikora neza bitangaje ku ngirabuzimafatizo bamenyereje. Gushiramwo rusangi ni ingorane. Hindura imiterere ya katode canke uburyo bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa electrolyte kandi ukeneye gusubira kwimenyereza amakuru mashasha, ivyo bikaba bitsinda intumbero nimba uriko uragerageza kuvuga imbere y’igihe ubuzima bw’umugambi mushasha.
Ibimenyetso bitandukanye
LFP ifise ubuzima bwiza kuruta NMC, igihe. Ushobora kuronka 3000-5000 mu buryo bworoshe, rimwe na rimwe. Igihano c’uburemere bw’inguvu ni ububisha naho-uriko uheba 30-40% ugereranyije n’ivy’agaciro kanini NMC. Abashinwa barafashe ingingo y’uko iyo nzira y’ubudandaji ifise akamaro ku EVs zihenda cane aho abantu badakeneye 300+ miles. BYD, CATL, umuntu wese ariho akora LFP ku modoka zisanzwe. Ivyo bihugu vyo mu Burengero birateba kubifata. Itandukaniro ry’imico kama canke itandukaniro ry’isoko canke vyose bibiri, sinzi neza.
Sodium - itegerezwa kuba ifise ubuzima busa n’ubwo ku LFP bishingiye ku vyo CATL na Natron ivuga, ariko vyari mu bikorwa nk’umwaka gusa rero ni nde amenya ibishika inyuma y’imyaka 5+ mu murima.
Solid - Leta iguma isezerana ubuzima bwiza kuko ata n’imwe mu nzira y’amazi isobanura interface zidahinduka. Ariko ntibaguma baboneka mu vy’ubudandaji. QuantumScape imaze imyaka nk'itandatu isigaye". Uguhangana n’interface, ugutakaza ubushobozi bwo gukorana n’amagare, litiyumu dendrites mu migero imwe imwe- izo ngorane ziragoye kuruta umuntu wese yiyumviriye. Kumbure ama electrolytes y’umuyagankuba azokora neza kuruta oxides. Amakuru ava mu Buyapani aratanga iciyumviro c’uko kumbure.
Gusaza ku kiyaya
Ivyo bica birengagizwa cane ariko ni vyinshi cane ku modoka zidatwara vyinshi. Bateri yawe irasenyuka gusa. Ubushuhe bw’ububiko n’ubushuhe bwa SOC vyose birahambaye. Igikapu c’agaciro ni 100% ku bushuhe bwinshi-uzotakaza amanota menshi ku mwaka ntaco ukora . 40% SOC ku bushuhe bwo mu cumba ni ububiko bwiza ariko biragaragara ko atari ngirakamaro ku modoka ukoresha mu vy’ukuri.
Ububiko bunini ni igikoko gitandukanye rwose. Ukeneye 20+ mu kiringo c’umwaka bisobanura 7000+ inzinguzingu ntoyi, kumbure 10,000+ nimba uriko urakora inzinguzingu nyinshi ku musi. Ariko urashobora kwihanganira inguvu zike kandi ufise umwanya mwinshi wo gucunga ubushuhe. Ubutunzi burakora mu buryo butandukanye-ICAPEX gihambaye cane ugereranije na OPEX iyo uriko uratera imbere mu myaka mirongo.
Sinzi bihagije ku bijanye n’ubwoko bushasha bwa bateri kugira ngo mvuge ko ari ngirakamaro cane. Lithium -sulfur ifise ubuzima buteye ubwoba bw’ingendo n’ubu nyene kubera iyo nzira ya polysulfide, naho amashirahamwe amwe amwe avuga ko yabitorera umuti. Lithium -Imirongo ifatanye n’ama electrolytes ikomeye yoshobora kuba inzira y’imbere ariko ingorane y’idendrite ntiyaheze. Kandi naho ibikoresho vyokora, gushiramwo ubuhinga bushasha bufata ikintu gishasha 5{7}} imyaka 10. Rero ivyo vyose bizokurikira, twafatanye n’uguhinduka kwa litiyumu n’imiburiburi mu myaka cumi.
Sinzi bihagije ku bijanye n’ubwoko bushasha bwa bateri kugira ngo mvuge ko ari ngirakamaro cane. Lithium -sulfur ifise ubuzima buteye ubwoba bw’ingendo n’ubu nyene kubera iyo nzira ya polysulfide, naho amashirahamwe amwe amwe avuga ko yabitorera umuti. Lithium -Imirongo ifatanye n’ama electrolytes ikomeye yoshobora kuba inzira y’imbere ariko ingorane y’idendrite ntiyaheze. Kandi naho ibikoresho vyokora, gushiramwo ubuhinga bushasha bufata ikintu gishasha 5{7}} imyaka 10. Rero ivyo vyose bizokurikira, twafatanye n’uguhinduka kwa litiyumu n’imiburiburi mu myaka cumi.
Amabateri ya polymere ya Lithiumwicare ahantu hagati hagati y'ivyo -bere uguhinduranya kuruta utugingo ngengabuzima tw'umubiri, ubuzima bugereranywa n'ubuzima busanzwe bw'ibinyabuzima. Ihitamwo ry’agaciro ry’ibibanza bigoranye ariko ntaco rihindura.
