Igipande c’umuringa ni iki?
Ikintu nta n'umwe avuga gushika ikintu kigenda nabi .
Buri litiyo - Bateri ifise igipapuro c’umuringa muri co. Telefone yawe, laptop yawe, EV ihagaze hanze - yose. Igipfunsi cicara inyuma y’ibara ry’ibara ry’ibara kandi gikora igikorwa kimwe: kwimurira ama elegitoroni mu nzi. Si vyiza cane. Abagurisha ntibaronka insiguro z’ingenzi mu nama z’amabateri. Ariko iyo iyo foil idakora, ingingo yose irananirwa.
Namaze imyaka cumi n’itanu muri iyo nganda. Igipfunsi c’umuringa nticari ikintu niyumviriye cane ku bijanye n’imbere y’igihe. Ibikoresho vya Cathode vyatumye abantu bose bavyitaho - ibiharuro vya NCM, ugushaka kw’ibara ry’umubiri, ivyo bintu. Ico gipfukisho cari ng’aho nyene. Hanyuma nca ntangura kubona ko utugingo ngengabuzima tugaruka tuvuye mu murima ufise ingorane zo gusenyuka kw’umuringa, maze nca mbona ingene benshi mu bahinga benshi mu vy’ukuri batahura ibiriko biraba kuri iyo nzira.
Ivy'ishimikiro, muri make
Bateri- ipayiro y’umuringa igenda iri hagati ya 6 na 12 microns ku bikorwa vyinshi. Abahinguzi bamwebamwe barasunikiye ku micro 4,5. Umushatsi w’umuntu uri hafi y’imikoroni 70, kugira ngo ushobore kwumva urugero.
Uburyo bubiri bwo kubikora. Ivyo gutera ivyatsi - ushizeko umuringa muri aside y’ikibiriti, ukoreshe amashanyarazi biciye mu gisubizo, hanyuma ushireho amasahani y’umuringa ku ngoma izunguruka. Peel uyishireko, uyizingire. Ivyo ni 90 kw’ijana vy’isoko. Ubundi buryo buragenda burazunguruka, aho utangura n’umuringa w’umuringa maze ukabugabanya mu buryo bw’ubuhinga biciye mu bice bisubirwamwo. Gucukura biguha imiterere myiza ariko bigutwara vyinshi. Benshi mu bakora ivy’ingingo ntibashaka kwishura amahera y’imbere.
Igituma umuntu wese yitwararika uburemere
Igipande ca Thinner gisobanura umwanya mwinshi wo gukoresha ibintu bikora muri ako gace kamwe. Ivyo ni uburemere bw’inguvu. Ivyo vyatumye habaho 8 micro 6 gushika ku 6 mu myaka cumi iheze vyatumye abahinguzi b’ingingo zitera imbere vy’ukuri ataco bahinduye ku bijanye n’imigero yabo. Kugenda n’imikoroni 6 birakomera cane. Amarira ararira mu gihe yariko arapfukama. Irazibira mu mashini izunguruka. Ivyatsi biragabanuka.
Nagendeye umurongo wo gupfuka mu ntara ya Jiangsu imyaka mikeyi iheze aho bariko bararonka 4,5 micro. Abakoresha bategerezwa guteba umuvuduko n’ibice 30 kw’ijana kugira ngo iyo foil ikomeze gutabura. Nta n’umwe yari anezerewe n’ivyo. Ivyo uciyemwo igihe uriko uragerageza gutera amafaranga y’ibiciro.
Ikibazo co ku ruhande
Igipande c’umuyagankuba gifise impande zibiri. Uruhande rw’ingoma rurakayangana kandi ruraryoshe. Uruhande rumwe - uruhande rwa matte - rufise uburyo bwinshi. Uca upfuka igipfunsi c’ibara ry’agahama ku ruhande rw’amabuye kuko ubugoyagoye bufasha gufatanya. Biroroshe bihagije mu vyiyumviro.
Ariko rero, ukubabazwa kw’imbere ni ugutunganya. Ivyo bikaba vyari bimeze neza cane kandi ivyo bipfukisho biragenda bigahera inyuma y’amajana makeyi. Ivyiza cane kandi uronka utubara twinshi mu gipfukisho aho umuringa w’ubusa uhuriye n’umuyagankuba. Ivyo ni bibi. Umuringa urasenyuka mu gipfukisho c’umuyagankuba mu gihe hari ibintu bimwe bimwe, kwimukira mu katode, amasahani hanze, maze amaherezo agaca afunga ingingo. Nabonye ko utugingo ngengabuzima tudakora neza gutyo umaze kwicara mu bubiko - nta n’ingendo, kwicara ng’aho gusa n’igikoresho co gukoranya umuriro.
Abagurisha ibintu bamara umwanya munini bagenzura ubugoyagoye. Ivyongeweko mu gihe co kwoga. Inyuma y'aho - Intambwe zo kuza. Abaguzi bamwebamwe bakora uburyo bwo kuvura umuco ku ruhande rw’ingoma na bo nyene, ku bikorwa aho impande zompi zishirwako.
Igihushane ni co kintu nyaco
Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa electrolyte biri mu ngingo z’umubiri- ni LiPF6 ipfutse mu bihimba vy’umubiri vy’ibinyabuzima. Si ngombwa gutera umuringa. Umuringa urashikamye ku bushobozi bwa anode. Ariko hama hariho ubukonje - ibice ku miliyoni, nta gukeka, ariko niho. Guhinduranya bikorana na LiPF6 kugira ngo bibe HF. Aside ya Hydrofluorique. Ibintu bibi. Irya umuringa.
Uburyo bumwe bwo kunanirwa narondeye incuro nyinshi: ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'sihasi h'si hamwe h'rano, ivy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma, kandi HF iraja ku kazi. Ionons z’umuringa zipfutse zica mu nzira y’ugutandukanya, zigashirwa ku katode nk’umuringa w’icuma, maze amaherezo muraheza zigaca mugufi. Ubushobozi burazimangana. Rimwe na rimwe utugingo ngengabuzima turatera. Twarakurikiye icibuka kimwe ku gice kibi c’ibara ry’umubiri ryari rifise oxide - igice c’ivyuma c’ibara ry’agahama ntivyakingira umuringa w’inyuma nk’uko vyari bikwiye kugira.
Ivyiza n'ugusubira inyuma
Niwinjize ingingo iri munsi y’umuriro wayo kandi ubushobozi bwa anode buraduga. Genda kure bihagije maze ugatangura gusenya umuringa mu buryo bw’amashanyarazi. Ivyo si ikintu gitera impaka - canditswe mu bitabu, kandi injeniyeri wese w’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none yarabibonye.
Ikibazo kigaragara mu rutonde - ihuriro aho utugingo ngengabuzima dufise ubushobozi butari bumwe. Utugingo ngengabuzima dugoyagoya cane ni two tubanza gutera ubusa, hanyuma kigaca kija mu gusubira inyuma n’izindi ngingo. Abahinguzi b’ibintu vya Pack bashize mu mirongo y’uburinzi y’ivyo. Ariko rero rimwe na rimwe imirongo y’uburinzi irananirwa. Uburinzi bw’umubiri ICs ni ikintu nyaco mu ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho. Ivyuma vya BMS bifise ibihimba bidahuye n’ivyo bita spect. Nabonye ugusenyuka kw’umuringa mu mapaki bivugwa ko yari afise uburinzi bwo guhindura.
Silikoni ituma vyose bigorana
Ivyo bimenyetso vy’i Silikoni biriko biraza. Abantu bose barazi silikoni ibika litiyumu nyinshi kuruta graphite - nk’incuro cumi ku rugero rwo hejuru cane. Ivyo abantu badahora biyumvira ni ivyo silicon ikora ku muntu akora ivy’ubuhinga bwa none.
Silikoni aragwiza cane iyo acitse intege. Ivyiyumviro birenga 300 kw’ijana vy’uguhinduka. Igipande ca anode kivyimba kandi kigatera amasezerano yose. Igipfukisho c’umuringa gisanzwe nticari gigenewe ubwoko bw’imibabaro y’ubuhinga. Gusaduka urushe. Ivy’ugusesagura. Gutakaza umuyagankuba. Bamwe mu bahinga ba silikoni bariko barakorana n’ivyuma vy’umuringa vy’agaciro kanini canke 3D- ibikoresho vyubatswe bifise - uburyo bwo gukora kugira ngo bishobore kwaguka. Ni ahantu hakora, iterambere ryinshi, nta n’umwe yatsinze.
Intango imwe navuganye n’umwaka uheze yariko irakoresha umuringa-nickel- Igipande c’umuringa cagumye gifise inkomezi zirengeye 500 MPa ku bushuhe bwinshi. Ubucuruzi - bwari buke cane - kumbure 60 kw'ijana vy'umuringa usukuye. Ku bijanye n’ivyo vyasavye. Ntibisobanutse neza nimba bipima.
Ivy'ukuri vy'uruhererekane
Ivyinshi mu bipfukisho vy’umuringa biva ku bahinga bakeyi bo mu Bushinwa, mu Buyapani no muri Koreya. Furukawa, Mitsui, Iljin, Tongguan - ayo mazina yerekana ku mpapuro z'ibara ry'agahama. Abahinguzi b’ingingo z’umubiri bo muri Amerika y’Uburaruko n’abo mu Buraya bo muri Amerika y’Uburaruko cane cane. Hariho ibiganiro vyo guhindura ibishushanyo vy’imbere nk’uko ubushobozi bw’amabateri bwo mu karere buza kuri internet, ariko bisaba imyaka kugira ngo umuntu yubake ubwo bushobozi. Igikorwa c'ubuhinga bw'umuyagankuba ni ibikoresho- kandi birazi- Kugaragaza ibintu. Ntushobora kugura amashini gusa ngo utangure kurungika igipande c’uburyo bwo kurungika.
Igiciro gikurikira ibiciro vy’ibicuruzwa vy’umuringa hamwe n’amahera yo guhindura. Ivyo bikoresho bitegeka amahera menshi yo guhindura kuko umwimbu uri hasi kandi ukugenzura uburyo birakomeye cane. Ugukwiragira hagati y’imikoroni 8 na 4,5 micron vyerekana iyo ngorane.
Ibihambaye vy'ukuri
Igipfukisho c’umuringa ni ikintu gikomeye mu buryo bwinshi. Ikoranabuhanga ry’ishimikiro ryo guhingura ntiryahindutse cane mu myaka mirongo. Ariko ibintu biguma bikomeza uko ibisabwa n’ingingo ngenderwako vy’ingingo ngenderwako bigenda biraduga. Inkomezi z’umubiri, uburebure bw’uburebure, uburemere bw’uburemere, uburemere bw’ibintu, ubushobozi bwo gusenyuka - ivyo vyose mu buryo bw’ingingo ngenderwako n’ubuzima.
Abahinga nkorana rimwe na rimwe nfata igipande nk’ikintu co kugura ibintu. Uronke umucuruzi w’ibintu atari make cane ahura n’ivyo akora. Ivyo bikora gushika bidashitse. ppm nkeyi ppm nyinshi mu gipfukisho, ugusangira kw’ubugoyagoye hanze y’imipaka y’ubugenzuzi, umugwi w’abagoyagoya waciye QC kuko umugambi w’ugutora ivyerekanwa utakomeye bihagije - na kimwe muri ivyo gishobora kwerekanwa nk’ibiyobyabwenge vyo mu murima haciye amezi canke imyaka. Ico gihe biracererwa cane kugira ngo ukosore ku giciro gito.
Nta n’umwe azosubirira umuringa vuba. Aluminium ntikora ku bushobozi bwa anode. Nickel itwara amahera menshi cane. Ivyo bikoresho bifise ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere ariko si uguhingura - biteguwe. Mu myaka cumi izoza n’imiburiburi, igipande c’umuringa kiguma aho kiri: mu litiyumu yose - akazu kayo, gukora akazi kayo mu gacerere, gushika ikintu kigenda nabi.
