Igitero ca Carbon ni iki?

Igipfukisho ca Carbon cari mu bikorwa vyacu kuva mu 2009, igihe twatangura gukorana n’umuhinguzi w’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none mu Bushinwa yari akeneye gutera imbere mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa LFP. Uwo mugambi waratwigishije vyinshi ku bijanye n’ibikora n’ibidakora ku rugero rw’uguhingura.

Iciyumviro nyamukuru ni ikintu kigororotse - ushirako igipimo c’umuyagankuba mutoyi ku bikoresho vya bateri kugira ngo bibe vyiza cane. LFP ata carbone ifise ubushobozi bwo gutwara 10^-9 S/cm ariko mu bisanzwe ni ikintu gikingira. Wongereko 2-3 wt% y’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba maze uronka 10^-3 S/cm, bihagije kugira ngo ukore bateri ikora.

Carbon Coating

Turakoresha uburyo bwo gupfuka CVD n’imirongo y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma ku kibanza cacu. CVD itanga uguhuza neza ariko bitwara vyinshi. Ivyuma bitoto birakora neza ku bikoresho vyinshi kandi ibikoresho biroroshe.

Raba ubushobozi bwacu bwo gupfuka CVD kugira ngo ubone vyinshi ku buryo burambuye -ed.

Ivyiyumviro vyinshi vy’ibara ry’agahama{0}} bishingiye kuri cathodes zikeneye. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none birateye ubwoba ataco bipfutse. Ifosiphate, phosphate - inkuru imwe. Mbere n’ibindi bikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma.

Ico gipfukisho na co nyene gikora nk’igice c’uburinzi hagati ya katode n’umuyagankuba. Ivyo birahambaye cane ku bushuhe bwinshi aho ivyiyumviro vyo mu ruhande vyihutisha. Twarabonye ubuzima bw'ingendo bugenda buratera imbere 40-50% gusa kuva ku gupfunyariza, cane cane iyo utugingo ngengabuzima turenga 45℃.

Ivyo bita silikoni ni igikoko gitandukanye. Ukwaguka kw’ijwi mu gihe c’ugutwara amagare (300-400%) bizomenagura vyinshi. Ukeneye imiterere y’umuyagankuba ishobora guhinduka canke igipfukisho kirananirwa inyuma y’ingendo nkeyi. Twarakoze kuri iyo ngorane imyaka itatu imbere y’uko turonka uburyo bwo gutegura mu vy’ukuri bwashitse ku nzinguzingu 200 ziheze.

Ivyo dukoresha vya CVD bikoresha gaze ya acetylene canke metane ku 650-750℃. Ibiciro vy’umuvuduko bivana n’ubunini bw’umugwi - mu bisanzwe 50-200 sccm ku 100 kg. Gazi irabora ku ruhande rw’ibice maze igahingura igice c’umuyagankuba.

Igenzura ry’uburemere ni mu gihe n’ubushuhe . 30 iminota ku 700℃igushikana nk’ibice 5-8 nm bivanye n’igice. Niba ukeneye igipfukisho gikomeye cane, ariko urabe kugira ngo uzibire cane cane n’ibikoresho vy’uburebure bw’ubutaka bwinshi.

Ibirimwo ivy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (CVD carbone) ni vyinshi kuruta uburyo bw’imiti itose, ivyo bikaba bisobanura ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutwara. Acetylene itanga carbone y’ibara ry’umubiri kuruta metane ariko kandi irazimvye cane kandi ikaba ari nk’umubabaro wo guhangana n’umutekano ata nkomanzi.

Ingano y’ubunini ku murongo wacu wa CVD iva kuri 10 kg gushika ku bilo 200. Ivyuma bininibinini birashoboka ariko ubushuhe bumwe burahinduka ikibazo. Twaramenye ivyo inzira ikomeye - yakoresheje 500 kg rimwe kandi igipfunsi ku kintu co hagati n’imirongo cari gitandukanye cane.

Uvange ifu n’umuti w’isukari, uyimike, hanyuma uyimike, hanyuma uyiyumye mu kirere c’azote. Iyo sukari iratera umuyagankuba kandi igapfuka ivyo bihimba. Iciyumviro coroshe ariko kugishira ku rugero rumwe bisaba kugerageza n’ikosa.

pH y’umuti w’isukari irahambaye. Ku bikoresho vy’ishimikiro nka LFP tugumana pH hafi 4-5 kugira ngo glucose igumye neza. Intambwe yo kwumisha ni ikintu gihambaye cane - iyo wumumye vyihuta cane uratera imbere. Turakoresha ivyuma vyumye ubu bikora neza cane kuruta uko vya kera vyo kwumisha ivyuma vy’uguzunguruka.

Ubushuhe bw’umubiri akenshi ni 500-650℃ku glucose. Ubushuhe bwinshi buratanga umuyagankuba mwinshi ariko utangura guturira umwimbu wa carbone. Aside ya sitric ni irindi hitamwo, ritanga ibisubizo bisa n’ivyo glucose. Hari abakiriya bakunda sucrose ariko mu vy’ukuri ntitwabonye itandukaniro rikomeye ry’ibikorwa.

Igipande c’ivyuma biva mu gipfukisho c’amazi ni co gihindura cane cane n’ibice bimwe bimwe vy’ibara ry’agahama. Ubuhinga bwo gutwara ni bwiza, si bwiza nka CVD ariko ni bwiza bihagije ku mabateri menshi. Igiciro ni nk’ibice 40% kuruta CVD ku kiro c’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma.

LFP cathodes kumbure ni 70% vy’uburemere bwacu bwo gupfuka. Igishushanyo c’umubiri ni 2,5 wt% carbone, uburebure bwa 8-10 nm. Hari abakiriya bashaka 3% ku bijanye n’ibikoresho vy’igiciro kinini.

Turafata kandi amahembe ya LTO, naho nyene kenshi na kenshi. Kenshi 1-1.5 wt% carbone irahagije kuko ubuhinga bwa LTO butameze nabi nka LFP. Ivyo bipfukisho birafasha n’ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gutanga amafaranga buhambaye ku gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gushaja bwihuta.

NCM811 n’izindi nickel - rimwe na rimwe zica zifatwa kugira ngo zibeho aho gukomera. Uburebure bwo gupfuka ni buke, kumbure 3{5}}5 nm, bihagije gusa kugira ngo umuntu agabanye gukorana hagati ya katode n’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba. Ivyo bigabanya ugusenyuka kw’ivyuma vy’uguhinduka ari uburyo bwo kunanirwa kw’ibikoresho bifise nickel ku muriro munini.

Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri vy’i Silikoni biragoye. Gupfuka ibintu mu buryo busanzwe ntibikora kubera ikibazo co kwagura umubare. Twarateguye uburyo bwo gupfuka ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba n’uburemere bumwe bumwe dukoresheje polymere - carbone. Bigura cane ariko ni bwo buryo bwonyene twabonye ko tworonka ubuzima bwiza bw’ingendo. Naho ari ukwo, uriko uraraba kumbure 500-800 inzinguzingu imbere y’uko ubushobozi buhambaye buzimangana.

Ishirahamwe rimwe ry’imodoka ryari rishaka ko dufata ibintu vyabo vy’igerageza- ibikoresho vya katode. Uwo mugambi ntiwakoze - ibikoresho ntivyari bihagaze mu gihe c’ugupfukama kandi twaguma tubona amahinduka y’inzira. Rimwe na rimwe gupfukama si co gisubizo.

Mu kwezi guheze twakoze amatoni 3 ya LFP ku mukiriya wo muri Koreya y’Epfo. Igitabo cari 2,8 wt% carbone. Ivyavuyemwo vya 2,65% gushika kuri 2,95%, ivyo bikaba biri mu ±0,3% vy’ukwihanganira. Ubushobozi ku ma pelles akandagira afise 8.2 x 10^-3 S/cm.

Kugira ngo tugereranye, ivyo bintu nyene bitashizweko vyagereranywa 2,1 x 10^-9 S/cm. Ivyo ni nk’imiliyoni 4 zo gutera imbere mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu, naho nyene kugereranya ubuhinga bwo gutwara ibintu n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo butari bwo si uburyo bwiza.

Igerageza ry'ubuzima ku ngirabuzimafatizo z'ibiceri (C/3, C/3 isohoka, 2.5-3.8V) yerekanye ubushobozi bwo kuguma 91% inyuma y'ingendo 1000 ku 25℃. Intumbero y’umukiriya yari 90% rero irarenga.

Ubwoko bw'Ibikoresho	Ibirimwo vya Carbon	Urutonde rwacu rw'urugero	Ivyiyumviro
LFP cathode	2-3 wt%	2.3-2.9%	Gukoresha cane
LTO anode	1-2 wt%	1.2-1.7%	Bike cane kuruta LFP .
NCM/NCA	0.5-1,5 wt%	0.8-1.3%	Ku bijanye no kurindwa ku butaka ahanini
Silikoni	5-10 wt%	6-9%	Ukeneye gupfukwa .

Ivyiyumviro vyerekanywe ni vyo mu vy’ukuri bishika mu guhingura, atari intumbero z’ivyiyumviro.

Carbon Coating

Ugupfukama neza ni co kibazo gisanzwe cane cane iyo umuntu atose. Uheza n’ibibanza vy’ubusa ku ruhande rw’ibice bituma habaho ivyiyumviro vy’amazi y’aho hantu mu gihe c’amagare. Ivyo vyerekana uko ubushobozi buzimangana inyuma y’ingendo 200-300.

Ivyuma vy’impuzu vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Twari dufise igice kimwe aho ivyuma vyari 25 nm aho kuba 10 nm kubera ikibazo co kugenzura ubushuhe. Ubushobozi bw’igipimo bwari bugaragara cane - utugingo ngengabuzima ntibushobora guhangana n’ugusohoka kwa 1C ata n’ugutonyanga kw’umuriro gukomeye.

Guhindura umwuka mu gihe co kubika ni ikindi kibazo. Ifu y’amazi ikwiye kubikwa mu gihe c’imvura. Twari dufise umukiriya yabitse ibikoresho mu bubiko bw’ubukonje amezi atandatu kandi ibiri muri carbone vyagabanutse kuva kuri 2,5% gushika kuri 1,9%. Ico gikoresho gica buhoro buhoro mu muyaga utonyanga.

Uburaya bwacu nyamukuru bwa CVD burashobora gukora ibipimo 200. Turafise kandi ifuru ntoyi y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ku bilometero 5-10 igihe abakiriya bashaka kugerageza gushiramwo ibikoresho bishasha. Guhindura imigwi y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere akenshi ni amayinga 1-2. Ivyuma vy’uguhingura bifata indwi 3-4 kuva ku kwakira ibintu gushika ku vyoherezwa.

Umurongo w’ugupfuka ubukonje ufise ubushobozi bwo gukora cane, gushika ku kiro 500 ku gice. Ico kintu gigabanya ubushobozi ni ubushobozi bwo kwumisha imiti aho kuba ifuru y’ivyuma.

Turagwiza ubushobozi umwaka uza n’uburyo bushasha bwa CVD, bukwiye kuba kuri internet na Q2 2026. Ubushobozi bwo gutanga amakuru ni 300 kgs izofasha muri bamwe mu bakiriya bacu benshi.

Niba ufise ikintu coshobora kwungukira mu gupfuka ariko ntuzi neza, turashobora gukora ibipimo vy’iterambere. Igitigiri gitoyi ni 200 grams. Tuzogerageza 2-3 ibintu bitandukanye vyo gupfuka maze dutanga ivyerekanwa vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi hamwe n’amakuru y’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi ava mu ngirabuzimafatizo y’ibiceri.

Igiciro c’iterambere kivana n’ingero y’igerageza. Isuzuma ry’ivy’imbere n’igerageza ry’ingingo z’ibiceri rigera ku madolari 3500. Niba ukeneye igerageza rikomeye nk’inyubako z’ingingo z’umubiri canke - Ingabire y’igihe gito turashobora gusubiramwo ivyo bitandukanye.

Ikibazo kimwe twiruka mu bikorwa vy’iterambere ni uko ibisubizo vya laboratwari bitahora bihinduka ku rugero rw’ibikorwa. Twarakoze ikintu ku rugero rwa gram 50 vyari vyiza cane, ariko igihe twashika ku 50 kg, ukuntu vyari biteye ubwoba vyari biteye ubwoba. Ugusangira ubunini bw’ibice n’uburebure bw’ubutaka vyose bigira ico bikoze ku nyifato yo gupfuka kandi rimwe na rimwe ivyo bikora bitobito ntibikora cane.

CVD igipfukisho congerako amadolari 2-4 ku kilo ku giciro c’ibikoresho bivanye n’ubunini bw’umugwi n’ivyo gushiramwo. Igipfukisho c’imiti ni amadolari 1,50-2.50 ku kilo.

Igitero gitoyi co gupfuka ivyuma ni 50 kg. Aha hepfo ko igiciro co gutegura bituma kidakora neza. Ku rugero rw’iterambere ruri munsi y’ibiro 50 dusaba amahera yo gutegura.

Niba uriko uragura ibikoresho vy’imbere (ifu idapfutse) maze tukayishirako, akenshi turashobora kuronka igiciro ciza kuruta iyo udurungikiye ibikoresho vyawe bwite. Ivyo bikoresho vyo mu nzu biroroshe kandi turamaze gushirwaho n’abatanga ibikoresho.

Gutuma ibikoresho bipfutse bisaba ko umuntu abitaho kubera ko iyo ifu ari pyrophoric kuruta ibikoresho bitagira ibara. Dukoresha UN- kwemererwa gupfunyika no kurungika biciye ku gutwara hasi gusa. Ivyo gutwara indege ntivyemewe ku bikoresho vyinshi vy’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba.

Igerageza ry'ikibanza dutanga n'umugwi wose:

Ibirimwo umutima biciye mu gusesangura kwandura (±0.1 wt%)

Uburemere bw'imburi

Ugusangira ubunini bw'ibice (D10, D50, D90)

Ibirimwo

Amashusho ya SEM (yatanzwe ku busabe)

Ibindi bipimo biraboneka:

Ingero y'ubuhinga bwo gukora ku ma pelles akanda

Ibara ry'uburebure

XRD ku mibumbe y'amabuye

TEM umusaraba - imirongo yo gupfundika uburemere bw'uburebure

ICP -MS y'isesengura ry'ubuhumane

Igerageza ry'ingingo ngenderwako (ubushobozi bwo gutwara amagare, ubushobozi bw'igipimo, uguhagarika)

Benshi mu bakiriya bashaka gusa igerageza ry’ishimikiro hamwe n’ingero y’ubuhinga bwo gutwara ibintu. Ivyo bimenyetso vyuzuye vyongera nk’indwi imwe kugira ngo bihindure umwanya n’ugutwara amahera menshi.

Carbon Coating

Ntidupfuka amabati y’ubuhinga bwa electrode. Ibikoresho vyacu vyagenewe gupfuka ifu. Niba ukeneye gupfuka ku ma electrodes y'ubuhinga bwa none ari uburyo butandukanye.

Ntidufata kandi ibikoresho bifise ivyiyumviro bikomeye vy’umutekano. Nta mafu y’ivyuma ya litiyumu, nta muyaga munini cane - ibikoresho bihushanye. Ibikoresho vy’amabateri bitegekanijwe ni vyiza ariko iyo igikoresho cawe coba kimeze nk’ikinyegezwa mu kirere ntidushobora gukora na co.

Ultra- ivyuma vy’ubusuku (urugero rw’imiti) si vyo twibandako. Turashinzwe ku bikoresho vya bateri bisigura ubusuku bwiza ariko atari urugero rw’icumba co gusukura. Niba ukeneye sub-ppm ubugenzuzi bw'ivyandura ukeneye ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikibanza.

Ishirahamwe rya bateri muri Michigan ryadurungikiye silicon - ibikoresho vy’ibara ry’agahama. Bariko barabona ko ubushobozi buzimangana inyuma y’ingendo 150. Twarayiteye n’imiterere yacu y’umuyagankuba kandi bararonka ubuzima bw’ingendo bugera kuri 600. Igiciro c’ibikoresho vyarongerekanye n’amadolari 3.50/kg ariko iterambere ry’ibikorwa ryari rishingiye ku gusaba kwavyo.

Uwundi mugambi wari ugizwe n’ugupfuka NCM811 ku mukiriya w’imodoka y’i Buraya. Baciye bahagarika umutima ku bijanye n’uko ubushobozi buzimangana ku muriro munini (4.3V define). Standard NCM811 yerekanye ubushobozi bwo gutakaza ubushobozi 15% inyuma y’ingendo 500. With 1 wt% carbon coating plus some surface treatment we got that down to 8% capacity loss. Ico gipfukisho si co conyene - na co nyene carakoze neza {{{12} ariko carafashije.

Twarakoranye n’umugwi w’ubushakashatsi turiko turategura urutonde rushasha rwa katode (litiyumu-ruha umugera wa NCM). Ivyo bintu vyari bifise ubushobozi bwiza ariko ubushobozi buteye ubwoba. Inyuma yo gupfuka 2% carbone ubushobozi bwo gusohoka ku 1C bwateye imbere kuva kuri 140 mAh/g gushika kuri 168 mAh/g. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwari ikintu kigabanya ivyo bintu.

Rimwe na rimwe gupfukama ntigutorera umuti ingorane. Twari dufise umukiriya afise ubushobozi bwihuta bwo kuzimangana mu ngingo zabo kandi biyumvira ko gupfunyariza ko vyomukosora. Tumaze gukora itohoza twasanze ukuzimangana kwabo kwari guterwa n’ugutera litiyumu ku anode mu gihe c’ugucapura vyihuta. Gutera cathode ntikwari kuzofasha muri ivyo. Twarasavye ko boraba amategeko yabo yo gushaja.

Twarasohoye impapuro zimwe zimwe ku bijanye no gupfuka ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba nimba ushaka vyinshi ku bijanye n’ubuhinga. Benshi bari inyuma y’inkuta z’amahera ariko turashobora kohereza PDFs iyo udusavye.

Niba uriko urakorana n’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma kandi ushaka gutahura uruhande rw’ibintu vy’ibati, iyi nkuru ku [Bateri ya litiyo] ipfuka neza cane. Gutahura ubuhinga bwa shimi bwa bateri birafasha gusigura igituma gushiramwo ivyuma bituma LFP itandukanya neza cane.