Ni igiki uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano wa bateri ari ubuhe?
Uburongozi bw'umutekano
Uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano wa bateri buratuma habaho ugukoresha neza kandi neza kw’ipaki ya bateri, bikabubuza gufata umuriro kubera ubushuhe bwinshi canke bukananirwa kubera ubushuhe buke. Kubera ko ipaki ya bateri ari igikoresho kinini - igikoresho c’umuriro, uburyo bwo gukingira umuriro ni ngombwa kugira ngo umuntu agire umutekano w’abakoresha imodoka n’abagenda n’amaguru. Uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano wa bateri butegerezwa kuba bushobora gutuma bateri n’imodoka ikora neza cane mu gihe umuntu ashobora gukoresha neza imodoka. Iterambere ry’uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano w’amabateri ni ngirakamaro cane mu kumenya neza ko ubuzima n’itunga bitekanye no guteza imbere iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga vy’amashanyarazi.
High- uburyo bwo kugerageza ibikoresho
Ivyo bikoresho vyo kubika inguvu mu modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba, nk’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, ivyuma vy’amavuta, canke supercacateritors, bikora ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi birenze cane ubushobozi bw’umuriro w’umuntu; bisi zimwe zimwe zikoresha umuyagankuba mbere zifise amabateri akora kuri 600V. Ivyo bikoresho vyo gukingira ivyuma mu modoka bigenda birahungabana buhoro buhoro mu gihe co gukoresha kubera ko vyambaye n’ugurira, kandi ubukonje bwinshi buragabanya n’ubushobozi bwo gukingira hagati ya - voltage bateri na chassis. Iyo igice c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’Ibarabara, bikagira ico bikoze ku mikorere y’umugenzuzi w’umuyagankuba, ibindi bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi biri hasi{4}} mbere n’umutekano w’abagenzi. When the insulation between multiple points of the battery pack circuit and the chassis ages, self-discharge and energy accumulation occur, potentially leading to a fire in severe cases. Kugira ngo imodoka ikore neza, hategerezwa gushirwaho igikoresho co kumenya ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none gitegerezwa gushirwaho kugira ngo hakurikiranwe ubushobozi bwo gukingira amazi hagati y’uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho vy’isuku hagati y’uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none n’ivyo mu gihe nyaco.
Uburyo bukoreshwa cane mu gupima amazi ni:
1. Uburyo butaziguye bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kureka
Mu mirongo ya DC, ubu ni bwo buryo bworoshe kandi bukora cane. Tegura igipimo c’uburebure ku rugero rw’ubu maze uyihuze mu rutonde hagati y’iherezo ryiza ry’ibati n’igikoresho co gutera (canke hasi). Ivyo bizokumenya umuriro w’amazi hagati y’uruzitiro rubi rw’ibati n’ivyo gutera. Na vyo nyene, birashobora guhurizwa hamwe mu rutonde hagati y’iherezo ribi n’uguhagarara kugira ngo hamenyekane umuriro w’ugusohoka hagati y’iherezo ryiza n’ibarabara. Ubwo buryo burasanzwe kandi burasanzwe, kandi burakoreshwa cane mu kumenya amakosa y’amakosa no mu gusuzuma imodoka zisanzwe.
2. Uburyo bwo Gukora ubu
Igikoresho c'inkurikizi c'inkurikizi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya ukuvuza mu bikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none. Bisi z’inguvu nziza n’izibi z’uburyo bwa bateri zica zihurizwa hamwe mu nzira imwe biciye ku gikoresho co gupima ubu. Iyo ata n’umwe avuza, umuriro uva mu nzira nziza ungana n’ugusubira ku nzira y’umuriro ku nzira mbi. Ku bw’ivyo, umuriro uca mu gikoresho co gupima ubu ni zero, kandi umuriro w’umuriro w’umuriro ni zero. Iyo isohoka, umuriro w’isohoka ry’umuyagankuba si zero. Ikimenyetso c’iryo shari gishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane nimba umuriro w’amazi uva ku nzira nziza canke mbi y’amashanyarazi. Ariko rero, ubu buryo bwo kugerageza busaba ko bateri iriko irageragezwa kugira ngo ikore, n’amazi agenda aratemba. Ntishobora gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma ku butaka munsi y’aho ata - umuzigo.
3. Uburyo bwo Guhagarika Ubugunge Uburyo bwo Gupima Ububiko
Ubu buryo bukoresha igipimo c’uburemere bw’ivyuma kugira ngo bipime agaciro k’ubudahangarwa bw’ivyo bikoresho. Igipimo c’ubudahangarwa bw’ivyuma, gikunze kumenyekana nk’igipimo c’ibara ry’agahama, akenshi gikoreshwa n’ikiganza c’amaboko{1}} Gukoresha generateur, ni co gituma vyitwa megohmmeter. Urugero rwayo rushingiye ku bushobozi bwo gukingira umuriro kandi ni igikoresho gikoreshwa cane mu gukora amashanyarazi. Ingingo ngenderwako y’igikorwa cayo yerekanwa ku gishushanyo 8-29.
Ico gikoresho gikora biciye ku kintu giteye umunezero igikoresho canke uruja n’uruza mu kugerageza umuriro, hanyuma ugapima umuriro uva ku ntumbero, no gukoresha itegeko rya Ohm kugira ngo upime ubushobozi bwo guhangana. Igipimo c’ubudahangarwa bw’ivyuma gishingiye ahanini ku bice bibiri: ukuboko{1}} generateur n’igipimo c’igipimo c’umuyagankuba. Mu gushiramwo igikoresho, ukuboko - Gutanga umuyagankuba bitanga umuriro mwinshi wa AC, ushirwako diode kugira ngo itange umuriro munini wa DC kugira ngo upime. Igipimo c’igipimo c’umuyagankuba gica gipima igipimo c’umuriro kiri mu nzira y’umuriro n’umurongo w’umuriro, kandi ikimenyetso c’umurongo kigaragaza urugero rw’ubudahangarwa.
Ubwo buryo butatu buri hejuru, bukoresha ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwo gupima ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ingorane zimwe zimwe zo kwinjira mu buryo bwo gucunga amabateri. Uburyo bwo gupima Circuit burakoreshwa cane mu buryo bwo gucunga amabateri. Ingingo ngenderwako y'ingero y'umuriro wa DC ikoreshwa cane yerekanwa ku gishushanyo 8-30.
Muri iki kigereranyo c’ibarabara, R₁, R₁, R₃, na R₃ ni nyinshi -iresistance (nk’akarorero, 500kΩ canke hejuru), kugira ngo urugero rw’ivyuma rutagabanutse mu buryo bw’ubuhinga mu gihe c’ingero. Rₙ na Rₚ ni ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu vyiza n’ibibi vy’ibati ry’amashanyarazi ku mubiri w’ikinyabiziga, uko bikurikirana. R’ na R" ni ibiharuro vy’ugugabanya umuriro bifise ubushobozi butoyi (nk’akarorero, nko 2000Ω), bituma A-D chip y’uguhindura kugira ngo ironke ibimenyetso vy’urugero rwa mV{10}} y’urugero kuri vyo.
Igihe rating S iri mu nzira y’inyuma, agaciro k’umuriro kuri Rₙ na Rₚ gashobora kuronswa biciye ku gice co gupima, bikajana ku nsiguro ikurikira:
Mu nzira, V₁ na V zigereranya amashanyarazi aja hasi y’ibisi vyiza n’ibibi iyo switch S ifunguye.
Na vyo nyene, iyo guhindura S bipfutse, hashobora kuronswa uwundi mubande:
Mu nzira, V’₁ na V’ ₂ bigereranya amashanyarazi meza n’amabi mabi ku butaka igihe S ipfutse.
Kubera ko agaciro k’ubudahangarwa bw’urutonde rw’ibintu R₁, R₁, R₃, R₄, R, na R’ bizwi, urutonde rw’ingero (8-5) na (8-6) rushobora gukoreshwa mu gutorera umuti ku R₊ na R₋.
Ubundi buryo bwo gupima ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu bikoreshwa mu buryo bwo gucunga amabateri ni uburyo bwo gukoresha ikiraro bufise uburinganire, uburyo bwo gutera ikimenyetso c’incuro nyinshi, n’uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi. Uko amabateri y’amashanyarazi agenda aragwira kandi ibikorwa vyayo bikaba birushiriza gukwiragira, umutekano w’ibinyabiziga vy’umuyagankuba urarushiriza kugira akamaro, kandi abashakashatsi barabandanya guhingura no kwemeza uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura ibikoresho vyo gukingira ivyuma.
Inguvu z'Imboga
SOP (Ikibuga c’Ububasha) ni ububasha burengeye ubw’ibati ishobora kurekura canke gufata mu kiringo c’igihe categekanijwe. Inguvu z’isonga zikoreshwa mu gusuzuma imipaka yo gushaja n’ugukuraho bateri y’amashanyarazi mu bihe bitandukanye vy’ugushaja, kugira uruhara ruhambaye mu gutuma uguhuza hagati y’ibati ry’amashanyarazi n’ubushobozi bw’imodoka bukora neza, hamwe no gutuma ubushobozi bwo gukora umuyagankuba butera imbere. Irafise kandi agaciro kanini k’ivyiyumviro n’ibikorwa vyo gukoresha neza amabateri, kwirinda gushaja birenze urugero canke birenze - gukuraho, gutuma bateri itera imbere, no kwagura ubuzima bwa bateri. Ariko rero, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amabateri burashikirwa n’ingorane nyinshi z’umutekano; gusa ububasha bw’isonga muri izo nzitizi z’umutekano ni bwo bugira akamaro kanini. Iki gice kiravuga ku bipimo bimwebimwe vy’amabateri bigabanya ubushobozi bw’isonga kandi kigatohoza isano hagati y’umutekano wa bateri n’ubushobozi bw’isonga.
1. Ubushuhe-Imibare
Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ivyuma n’ibikorwa vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (anode na cathode) birahinduka uko ubushuhe bumera, gutyo bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ivyuma n’ubushobozi bwo gusohoka. Igitigiri c’ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none kiragabanuka uko ubushuhe bugenda buragabanuka. Ubushuhe buragira ico bukoze kandi ku bipimo vy’ugutwara amaon n’ama elegitoroni biri muri iyo electrolyte. Ivyo bipimo vyiyongera uko ubushuhe n’ibihushanye n’ivyo bigenda biragwira. Ikindi kandi, iyo ubushuhe buri hejuru cane, burenze urugero rw’ubushuhe bwavuzwe, uburinganire bw’imiti muri bateri buzohungabana, ivyo bikaba bizotuma haba ingorane zo gukingira bateri.
Nk’uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo 8{1}}31, ububasha bw’isonga bwa bateri burahinduka n’ubushuhe, bugaragaza umurongo utomoye utari umurongo. Inguvu z’igiti zigabanuka uko ubushuhe bugenda buragabanuka, bugahinduka buhoro buhoro ku bushuhe buke. Inguvu z’isonga ziragwira uko ubushuhe bugenda buragwira, ariko ubushuhe bwinshi cane butuma ubushuhe buhungabana, bukagira ingaruka mbi ku bijanye n’umutekano wa bateri n’ubuzima.
2. Igihugu c'Igiharuro (SOC)-Igice
Ico SOC ibuza kuri SOP (Igaze y’Ibikorwa) igenewe gukingira birenze urugero no hejuru- gukuraho bateri y’amashanyarazi mu gihe c’ugukora, kugira ngo bateri ibe nziza. Igihe umuntu yiga isano riri hagati y’ububasha bw’isonga n’ububasha bw’isonga, ingaruka z’ibintu nk’ubushuhe n’igipimo c’inguvu/ugukuraho kuri SOC na vyo nyene bitegerezwa gufatwa nk’ugutuma ingero ya SOC itera imbere. Nk’uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo ca 8-32, uko Leta y’Ikarita yiyongera (SOC), ubushobozi bwo gusohoka buragwira mu gihe ububasha bwo gushaja bugabanuka. Nk’akarorero, mu rugero rumwe rwa SOC, iyo SOC igenda iduga kuva kuri 10% gushika kuri 90%, ubushobozi bwo gusohoka bugera ku 222W buja kuri 693W, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gushaja bugabanuka kuva kuri 675W gushika kuri 300W. Kwiga ubushobozi bw’isonga mu bihe bitandukanye vya SOC birashobora kugereranya ubushobozi bwa bateri n’ubushobozi bwo gusohora, gutanga amakuru n’ubufasha bw’ubuhinga bwo gukoresha mu modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba.
3. Ivyiyumviro Bishingiye ku Guhangana kwa Ohmic
Nk’uko vyerekanwa ku gishushanyo 8-33, ububasha bw’isonga ry’ibati burahuye n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n’ibintu. Uko ohmic ishobora guhangana n’ibintu bigabanuka, ni ko n’inguvu z’isonga zigenda zikura; ibihushanye n’ivyo, uko ohmic ishobora guhangana n’ibintu bikomeye, ni ko n’ubushobozi bw’isonga bugenda burakura.
Ubushuhe bwa bateri, uburyo bwo gukoresha (SOC), n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibintu vyose burafitaniye isano cane n’ingene bumeze. Ku bw’ivyo, ukuntu bateri ikora (SOP) itegerezwa gushitsa inzitizi zashizweho n’ivyo bintu bitatu kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukora neza no kwagura ubuzima bwayo.
